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Fan YP, Lou JS, Jin MR, Zhou CH, Shen HH, Fu CY, Mao XJ, Chen YY, Zhong JJ, Wang LL, Wu JS. UBC9-mediated SUMOylation of Lamin B1 enhances DNA-damage-induced nuclear DNA leakage and autophagy after spinal cord injury. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31213. [PMID: 38308641 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that nucleophagy can mitigate DNA damage by selectively degrading nuclear components protruding from the nucleus. However, little is known about the role of nucleophagy in neurons after spinal cord injury (SCI). Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate the nucleophagy after nuclear DNA damage and leakage in SCI neurons in vivo and NSC34 expression in primary neurons cultured with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro, as well as the interaction and colocalization of autophagy protein LC3 with nuclear lamina protein Lamin B1. The effect of UBC9, a Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) E2 ligase, on Lamin B1 SUMOylation and nucleophagy was examined by siRNA transfection or 2-D08 (a small-molecule inhibitor of UBC9), immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence. In SCI and OGD injured NSC34 or primary cultured neurons, neuronal nuclear DNA damage induced the SUMOylation of Lamin B1, which was required by the nuclear Lamina accumulation of UBC9. Furthermore, LC3/Atg8, an autophagy-related protein, directly bound to SUMOylated Lamin B1, and delivered Lamin B1 to the lysosome. Knockdown or suppression of UBC9 with siRNA or 2-D08 inhibited SUMOylation of Lamin B1 and subsequent nucleophagy and protected against neuronal death. Upon neuronal DNA damage and leakage after SCI, SUMOylation of Lamin B1 is induced by nuclear Lamina accumulation of UBC9. Furthermore, it promotes LC3-Lamin B1 interaction to trigger nucleophagy that protects against neuronal DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Lou
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Ran Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong-Hui Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Hao Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yan Fu
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Jia Mao
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Jie Zhong
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Tarim University, Ale, China
| | - Jun-Song Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Keuenhof KS, Kohler V, Broeskamp F, Panagaki D, Speese SD, Büttner S, Höög JL. Nuclear envelope budding and its cellular functions. Nucleus 2023; 14:2178184. [PMID: 36814098 PMCID: PMC9980700 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2023.2178184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) has long been assumed to be the sole route across the nuclear envelope, and under normal homeostatic conditions it is indeed the main mechanism of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. However, it has also been known that e.g. herpesviruses cross the nuclear envelope utilizing a pathway entitled nuclear egress or envelopment/de-envelopment. Despite this, a thread of observations suggests that mechanisms similar to viral egress may be transiently used also in healthy cells. It has since been proposed that mechanisms like nuclear envelope budding (NEB) can facilitate the transport of RNA granules, aggregated proteins, inner nuclear membrane proteins, and mis-assembled NPCs. Herein, we will summarize the known roles of NEB as a physiological and intrinsic cellular feature and highlight the many unanswered questions surrounding these intriguing nuclear events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verena Kohler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Filomena Broeskamp
- Department for Chemistry and Molecular biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dimitra Panagaki
- Department for Chemistry and Molecular biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sean D. Speese
- Knight Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 2720 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Sabrina Büttner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Johanna L. Höög
- Department for Chemistry and Molecular biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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