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Lai TT, Kim YJ, Nguyen PT, Koh YH, Nguyen TT, Ma HI, Kim YE. Temporal Evolution of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration With Alpha-Synuclein Propagation in Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:715190. [PMID: 34675786 PMCID: PMC8523784 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.715190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
According to a few studies, α-synuclein (αSyn) propagation has been suggested to play a key role in the pathomechanism of Parkinson's disease (PD), but neurodegeneration and the involvement of inflammation in its pathologic progression are not well understood with regard to temporal relationship. In this study, with the help of the PD mouse model injected with intrastriatal αSyn preformed fibril (PFF), the temporal evolution of αSyn propagation, inflammation, and neurodegeneration was explored in the perspective of the striatum and the whole brain. In the PFF-injected striatum, inflammatory response cells, including microglia and astrocytes, were activated at the earliest stage and reduced with time, and the phosphorylated form of αSyn accumulation increased behind it. Afterward, the degeneration of striatal dopaminergic neurons became significant with the conspicuity of behavioral phenotype. Similar patterns of forefront eruption of inflammation and then followed by αSyn propagation were noted in the opposite striatum, which were not injured by PFF injection. In analyzing the whole brain, inflammatory responses were activated at the earliest stage, and the soluble αSyn expression increased concurrently. The inflammatory response decreased afterward, and the accumulation of the insoluble form of αSyn increased behind it. Our results suggested that the inflammatory response may precede the accumulation of the pathologic form of αSyn; thereafter, the neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction followed αSyn proliferation in the PD mouse model. From this model, recognizing the temporal relationship between inflammation, αSyn propagation, and neurodegeneration may be helpful in establishing the PD animal model and monitoring the effect of interventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Lai
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea.,Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Phuong Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Tinh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Hyeo-Il Ma
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea.,Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea.,Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
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Longitudinal Assessment of Tau-Associated Pathology by 18F-THK5351 PET Imaging: A Histological, Biochemical, and Behavioral Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101874. [PMID: 34679572 PMCID: PMC8535097 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several common and debilitating neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), NFTs are accompanied by extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ), but primary tauopathy disorders are marked by the accumulation of tau protein alone, including forms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), among others. 18F-THK5351 has been reported to bind pathological tau as well as associated reactive astrogliosis. The goal of this study was to validate the ability of the PET tracer 18F-THK5351 to detect early changes in tau-related pathology and its relation to other pathological hallmarks. We demonstrated elevated in vivo 18F-THK5351 PET signaling over time in transgenic P301S tau mice from 8 months that had a positive correlation with histological and biochemical tau changes, as well as motor, memory, and learning impairment. This study indicates that 18F-THK5351 may help fill a critical need to develop PET imaging tracers that detect aberrant tau aggregation and related neuropathology in order to diagnose the onset of tauopathies, gain insights into their underlying pathophysiologies, and to have a reliable biomarker to follow during treatment trials.
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Armijo E, Edwards G, Flores A, Vera J, Shahnawaz M, Moda F, Gonzalez C, Sanhueza M, Soto C. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Precursors Improve Memory, Synaptic and Pathological Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071802. [PMID: 34359972 PMCID: PMC8303262 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly population. The disease is characterized by progressive memory loss, cerebral atrophy, extensive neuronal loss, synaptic alterations, brain inflammation, extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and intracellular accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein. Many recent clinical trials have failed to show therapeutic benefit, likely because at the time in which patients exhibit clinical symptoms the brain is irreversibly damaged. In recent years, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been suggested as a promising cell therapy to recover brain functionality in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. To evaluate the potential benefits of iPSCs on AD progression, we stereotaxically injected mouse iPSC-derived neural precursors (iPSC-NPCs) into the hippocampus of aged triple transgenic (3xTg-AD) mice harboring extensive pathological abnormalities typical of AD. Interestingly, iPSC-NPCs transplanted mice showed improved memory, synaptic plasticity, and reduced AD brain pathology, including a reduction of amyloid and tangles deposits. Our findings suggest that iPSC-NPCs might be a useful therapy that could produce benefit at the advanced clinical and pathological stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Armijo
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Av. San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - George Edwards
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Andrea Flores
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Jorge Vera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800024, Chile; (J.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Mohammad Shahnawaz
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Fabio Moda
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cesar Gonzalez
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
| | - Magdalena Sanhueza
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800024, Chile; (J.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.A.); (G.E.); (A.F.); (M.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Av. San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Annesley SJ, Fisher PR. Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines as Models to Study Mitochondrial Function in Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4536. [PMID: 33926115 PMCID: PMC8123577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, are collectively a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Whilst the underlying disease mechanisms remain elusive, altered mitochondrial function has been clearly implicated and is a key area of study in these disorders. Studying mitochondrial function in these disorders is difficult due to the inaccessibility of brain tissue, which is the key tissue affected in these diseases. To overcome this issue, numerous cell models have been used, each providing unique benefits and limitations. Here, we focussed on the use of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) to study mitochondrial function in neurological disorders. LCLs have long been used as tools for genomic analyses, but here we described their use in functional studies specifically in regard to mitochondrial function. These models have enabled characterisation of the underlying mitochondrial defect, identification of altered signalling pathways and proteins, differences in mitochondrial function between subsets of particular disorders and identification of biomarkers of the disease. The examples provided here suggest that these cells will be useful for development of diagnostic tests (which in most cases do not exist), identification of drug targets and testing of pharmacological agents, and are a worthwhile model for studying mitochondrial function in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jane Annesley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia;
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Angeloni C, Gatti M, Prata C, Hrelia S, Maraldi T. Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Counteracting Oxidative Stress-Related Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093299. [PMID: 32392722 PMCID: PMC7246730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases include a variety of pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and so forth, which share many common characteristics such as oxidative stress, glycation, abnormal protein deposition, inflammation, and progressive neuronal loss. The last century has witnessed significant research to identify mechanisms and risk factors contributing to the complex etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as genetic, vascular/metabolic, and lifestyle-related factors, which often co-occur and interact with each other. Apart from several environmental or genetic factors, in recent years, much evidence hints that impairment in redox homeostasis is a common mechanism in different neurological diseases. However, from a pharmacological perspective, oxidative stress is a difficult target, and antioxidants, the only strategy used so far, have been ineffective or even provoked side effects. In this review, we report an analysis of the recent literature on the role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases as well as in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, retinal ganglion cells, and ataxia. Moreover, the contribution of stem cells has been widely explored, looking at their potential in neuronal differentiation and reporting findings on their application in fighting oxidative stress in different neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the exposure to mesenchymal stem cells or their secretome can be considered as a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance antioxidant capacity and neurotrophin expression while inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, which are common aspects of neurodegenerative pathologies. Further studies are needed to identify a tailored approach for each neurodegenerative disease in order to design more effective stem cell therapeutic strategies to prevent a broad range of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Angeloni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Martina Gatti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (T.M.)
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