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Smith MM, Melrose J. Lumican, a Multifunctional Cell Instructive Biomarker Proteoglycan Has Novel Roles as a Marker of the Hypercoagulative State of Long Covid Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2825. [PMID: 38474072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study has reviewed the many roles of lumican as a biomarker of tissue pathology in health and disease. Lumican is a structure regulatory proteoglycan of collagen-rich tissues, with cell instructive properties through interactions with a number of cell surface receptors in tissue repair, thereby regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation and the innate and humoral immune systems to combat infection. The exponential increase in publications in the last decade dealing with lumican testify to its role as a pleiotropic biomarker regulatory protein. Recent findings show lumican has novel roles as a biomarker of the hypercoagulative state that occurs in SARS CoV-2 infections; thus, it may also prove useful in the delineation of the complex tissue changes that characterize COVID-19 disease. Lumican may be useful as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker of long COVID disease and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Smith
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Arthropharm Pty Ltd., Bondi Junction, NSW 2022, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Zhang G, Li L, Yang Z, Zhang C, Kang X. TMT-Based Proteomics Analysis of Senescent Nucleus Pulposus from Patients with Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13236. [PMID: 37686041 PMCID: PMC10488253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower back pain, a leading cause of disability worldwide, is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) in approximately 40% of cases. Although nucleus pulposus (NP) cell senescence is a major contributor to IDD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We collected NP samples from IDD patients who had undergone spinal surgery. Healthy and senescent NP tissues (n = 3) were screened using the Pfirrmann grading system combined with immunohistochemistry, as well as hematoxylin and eosin, Safranin O, Alcian blue, and Masson staining. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified using quantitative TMT-based proteomics technology. Bioinformatics analyses included gene ontology (GO) annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses. In addition, immunofluorescence was used to verify protein expression. In total, 301 DEPs were identified in senescent NP tissues, including 92 upregulated and 209 downregulated proteins. In GO, DEPs were primarily associated with NF-kappaB transcription factor, extracellular regions, cellular protein metabolic processes, and post-translational protein modification. The enriched KEGG pathways included TGF-β, Wnt, RAP1, interleukin-17, extracellular matrix-receptor adhesion, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. PPI analysis demonstrated interactions between multiple proteins. Finally, immunofluorescence verified the expressions of MMP3, LUM, TIMP1, and CDC42 in senescent NP cells. Our study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying senescent NP tissues in IDD patients. DEPs provide a basis for further investigation of the effects of senescent factors on IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhili Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Cangyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Gao H, Qian R, Ren Q, Zhang L, Qin W, Zhou C, Wang H, Liu C, Zhang Y. The upregulation of keratocan promotes the progression of human pancreatic cancer. Mol Cell Toxicol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-023-00342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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HS, an Ancient Molecular Recognition and Information Storage Glycosaminoglycan, Equips HS-Proteoglycans with Diverse Matrix and Cell-Interactive Properties Operative in Tissue Development and Tissue Function in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021148. [PMID: 36674659 PMCID: PMC9867265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate is a ubiquitous, variably sulfated interactive glycosaminoglycan that consists of repeating disaccharides of glucuronic acid and glucosamine that are subject to a number of modifications (acetylation, de-acetylation, epimerization, sulfation). Variable heparan sulfate chain lengths and sequences within the heparan sulfate chains provide structural diversity generating interactive oligosaccharide binding motifs with a diverse range of extracellular ligands and cellular receptors providing instructional cues over cellular behaviour and tissue homeostasis through the regulation of essential physiological processes in development, health, and disease. heparan sulfate and heparan sulfate-PGs are integral components of the specialized glycocalyx surrounding cells. Heparan sulfate is the most heterogeneous glycosaminoglycan, in terms of its sequence and biosynthetic modifications making it a difficult molecule to fully characterize, multiple ligands also make an elucidation of heparan sulfate functional properties complicated. Spatio-temporal presentation of heparan sulfate sulfate groups is an important functional determinant in tissue development and in cellular control of wound healing and extracellular remodelling in pathological tissues. The regulatory properties of heparan sulfate are mediated via interactions with chemokines, chemokine receptors, growth factors and morphogens in cell proliferation, differentiation, development, tissue remodelling, wound healing, immune regulation, inflammation, and tumour development. A greater understanding of these HS interactive processes will improve therapeutic procedures and prognoses. Advances in glycosaminoglycan synthesis and sequencing, computational analytical carbohydrate algorithms and advanced software for the evaluation of molecular docking of heparan sulfate with its molecular partners are now available. These advanced analytic techniques and artificial intelligence offer predictive capability in the elucidation of heparan sulfate conformational effects on heparan sulfate-ligand interactions significantly aiding heparan sulfate therapeutics development.
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Study on the process of intervertebral disc disease by the theory of continuum damage mechanics. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2022; 98:105738. [PMID: 35987169 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2022.105738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, more and more people suffer from low back pain triggered by lumbar degenerative disc disease. The mechanical factor is one of the most significant causes of disc degeneration. This study aims to explore the biomechanical responses of the intervertebral disc, and investigate the process of disc injury by the theory of continuum damage mechanics. METHODS A finite element model of the L4-L5 lumbar spine was developed and validated. The model not only considered changes in permeability coefficient with strain, but also included physiological factors such as osmotic pressure. Three loading conditions were simulated: (A) static loads, (B) vibration loads, (C) injury process. FINDINGS The simulation results revealed that the facet joints shared massive stresses of the intervertebral discs, and prevented excessive lumbar spine movement. However, their asymmetrical position may have led to degeneration. The von Mises stress and pore pressure of annulus fibrosus showed significantly different trends under static loads and vibration loads. The von Mises stress of nucleus pulposus was not sensitive to vibration loads, but its pore pressure was conspicuously influenced by vibration loads. The injury first appeared at the posterior centre, and then, it gradually expanded along the edge of the intervertebral disc. With an increase in the loading steps, the damage rate of the intervertebral disc increased logarithmically. INTERPRETATION The variation in the biomechanical performance of the intervertebral disc could be attributed to the periodic movement of internal fluids. This study might be helpful for understanding the mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Electro‐Stimulation, a Promising Therapeutic Treatment Modality for Tissue Repair: Emerging Roles of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans as Electro‐Regulatory Mediators of Intrinsic Repair Processes. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff Wales CF10 3AX UK
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory Kolling Institute Northern Sydney Local Health District Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Royal North Shore Hospital St. Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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