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Miri Karam Z, Gohari AK, Khabaz MJR, Yari A, Meybodi SME, Attari R, Torabi M, Vafaeie F, Moraddahande FM, Amiri S, Saeidi K. Identification of a Novel Deletion Variant (c.2999_3005delTGTGTGT/p.Asn1000SerfsTer4) in NPHP4 Associated With Nephronophthisis-4. J Clin Lab Anal 2024:e25077. [PMID: 38895833 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephronophthisis-4 (NPHP4) is an inherited renal ciliopathy described by renal fibrosis and progressive impairment of kidney function. This study aimed to investigate the genetic basis and clinical manifestations of NPHP4 in two Iranian siblings. METHODS The proband was a 27-year-old male with features of end-stage renal disease, including anemia, uremia, polyuria, and polydipsia. It is worth mentioning that he has a 22-year-old sister with a similar presentation. Clinical diagnosis procedures, such as renal biopsy, brain imaging, blood and urine tests, cardiac evaluation, ophthalmic inspection, and auditory function assessment, were carried out to evaluate organ involvement and potential comorbidities. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and segregation analysis were performed to identify and confirm genetic variants associated with the condition. Computational variant analysis was conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity of the candidate variant. Furthermore, the SWISS-MODEL server was utilized for protein modeling. RESULTS The brain, cardiac, ocular, and auditory functions were normal. Renal biopsy of the proband showed chronic interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. We found a novel homozygous 7-base pair deletion (c.2999_3005delTGTGTGT/ p.Asn1000SerfsTer4) in exon 21 of NPHP4 by WES. Segregation analysis confirmed homozygosity for the NPHP4 variant in affected individuals and heterozygous carrier status in parents, supporting autosomal recessive inheritance. 3D protein modeling indicated significant structural changes due to the variant. CONCLUSION This study expands the genetic causes and phenotypic spectrum of nephronophthisis-4 and reveals the importance of genetic analysis in diagnosing and managing rare inherited kidney disorders, particularly those involving consanguinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Miri Karam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Atieh Karimi Gohari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Abolfazl Yari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Emami Meybodi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Rezvan Attari
- Department of Biology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Torabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and New Technologies, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzane Vafaeie
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fateme Moradi Moraddahande
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Amiri
- Department of Biology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kolsoum Saeidi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Agborbesong E, Li X. The Immune Checkpoint Protein PD-L1 Regulates Ciliogenesis and Hedgehog Signaling. Cells 2024; 13:1003. [PMID: 38920633 PMCID: PMC11201989 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium, an antenna-like sensory organelle that protrudes from the surface of most eukaryotic cell types, has become a signaling hub of growing interest given that defects in its structure and/or function are associated with human diseases and syndromes, known as ciliopathies. With the continuously expanding role of primary cilia in health and diseases, identifying new players in ciliogenesis will lead to a better understanding of the function of this organelle. It has been shown that the primary cilium shares similarities with the immune synapse, a highly organized structure at the interface between an antigen-presenting or target cell and a lymphocyte. Studies have demonstrated a role for known cilia regulators in immune synapse formation. However, whether immune synapse regulators modulate ciliogenesis remains elusive. Here, we find that programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint protein and regulator of immune synapse formation, plays a role in the regulation of ciliogenesis. We found that PD-L1 is enriched at the centrosome/basal body and Golgi apparatus of ciliated cells and depleting PD-L1 enhanced ciliogenesis and increased the accumulation of ciliary membrane trafficking proteins Rab8a, BBS5, and sensory receptor protein PC-2. Moreover, PD-L1 formed a complex with BBS5 and PC-2. In addition, we found that depletion of PD-L1 resulted in the ciliary accumulation of Gli3 and the downregulation of Gli1. Our results suggest that PD-L1 is a new player in ciliogenesis, contributing to PC-2-mediated sensory signaling and the Hh signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewud Agborbesong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, R, 200 1st Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, R, 200 1st Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Kalot R, Sentell Z, Kitzler TM, Torban E. Primary cilia and actin regulatory pathways in renal ciliopathies. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2024; 3:1331847. [PMID: 38292052 PMCID: PMC10824913 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2023.1331847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of rare genetic disorders caused by defects to the structure or function of the primary cilium. They often affect multiple organs, leading to brain malformations, congenital heart defects, and anomalies of the retina or skeletal system. Kidney abnormalities are among the most frequent ciliopathic phenotypes manifesting as smaller, dysplastic, and cystic kidneys that are often accompanied by renal fibrosis. Many renal ciliopathies cause chronic kidney disease and often progress to end-stage renal disease, necessitating replacing therapies. There are more than 35 known ciliopathies; each is a rare hereditary condition, yet collectively they account for a significant proportion of chronic kidney disease worldwide. The primary cilium is a tiny microtubule-based organelle at the apex of almost all vertebrate cells. It serves as a "cellular antenna" surveying environment outside the cell and transducing this information inside the cell to trigger multiple signaling responses crucial for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Hundreds of proteins and unique cellular mechanisms are involved in cilia formation. Recent evidence suggests that actin remodeling and regulation at the base of the primary cilium strongly impacts ciliogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure and function of the primary cilium, focusing on the role of actin cytoskeleton and its regulators in ciliogenesis. We then describe the key clinical, genetic, and molecular aspects of renal ciliopathies. We highlight what is known about actin regulation in the pathogenesis of these diseases with the aim to consider these recent molecular findings as potential therapeutic targets for renal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Kalot
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zachary Sentell
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas M. Kitzler
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elena Torban
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Li L, Li J, Yuan L. A direct interaction between CENTLEIN and RABIN8 is required for primary cilium formation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1434-1444. [PMID: 37475549 PMCID: PMC10520482 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are formed in nearly all growth-arrested cells and are essential for mammalian development and tissue homeostasis. Defects in primary cilia result in a range of disorders in humans, named ciliopathies. The spatiotemporal localization of RABIN8 on the pericentrosome is an early step in ciliogenesis. Here, we show that CENTLEIN depletion causes the persistent accumulation of RABIN8 on the pericentrosome and primary cilium loss in hTERT-immortalized retinal pigment epithelial cells and murine embryonic fibroblasts. CENTLEIN interacts with RABIN8 directly. A stretch of a 31-amino acid sequence located in the 200‒230 region of the RABIN8 GEF domain is responsible for its physical interaction with CENTLEIN, while expression of the full-length but not the internal deletion lacking the RABIN8-binding site of CENTLEIN largely rescues the ciliogenesis defect provoked by CENTLEIN depletion. Expression of activated RAB8A partially reverses cilium loss in CENTLEIN-null RPE1 cells, so the functional importance of the CENTLEIN-RABIN8 interaction is defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Li
- />Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101408China
| | - Junlin Li
- />Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101408China
| | - Li Yuan
- />Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing101408China
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Fisher WW, Hammonds AS, Weiszmann R, Booth BW, Gevirtzman L, Patton JEJ, Kubo CA, Waterston RH, Celniker SE. A modERN resource: identification of Drosophila transcription factor candidate target genes using RNAi. Genetics 2023; 223:iyad004. [PMID: 36652461 PMCID: PMC10078917 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play a key role in development and in cellular responses to the environment by activating or repressing the transcription of target genes in precise spatial and temporal patterns. In order to develop a catalog of target genes of Drosophila melanogaster TFs, the modERN consortium systematically knocked down the expression of TFs using RNAi in whole embryos followed by RNA-seq. We generated data for 45 TFs which have 18 different DNA-binding domains and are expressed in 15 of the 16 organ systems. The range of inactivation of the targeted TFs by RNAi ranged from log2fold change -3.52 to +0.49. The TFs also showed remarkable heterogeneity in the numbers of candidate target genes identified, with some generating thousands of candidates and others only tens. We present detailed analysis from five experiments, including those for three TFs that have been the focus of previous functional studies (ERR, sens, and zfh2) and two previously uncharacterized TFs (sens-2 and CG32006), as well as short vignettes for selected additional experiments to illustrate the utility of this resource. The RNA-seq datasets are available through the ENCODE DCC (http://encodeproject.org) and the Sequence Read Archive (SRA). TF and target gene expression patterns can be found here: https://insitu.fruitfly.org. These studies provide data that facilitate scientific inquiries into the functions of individual TFs in key developmental, metabolic, defensive, and homeostatic regulatory pathways, as well as provide a broader perspective on how individual TFs work together in local networks during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Fisher
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ann S Hammonds
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Richard Weiszmann
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Benjamin W Booth
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Louis Gevirtzman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jaeda E J Patton
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Connor A Kubo
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Robert H Waterston
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Susan E Celniker
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Platova S, Poliushkevich L, Kulakova M, Nesterenko M, Starunov V, Novikova E. Gotta Go Slow: Two Evolutionarily Distinct Annelids Retain a Common Hedgehog Pathway Composition, Outlining Its Pan-Bilaterian Core. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214312. [PMID: 36430788 PMCID: PMC9695228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling is one of the key regulators of morphogenesis, cell differentiation, and regeneration. While the Hh pathway is present in all bilaterians, it has mainly been studied in model animals such as Drosophila and vertebrates. Despite the conservatism of its core components, mechanisms of signal transduction and additional components vary in Ecdysozoa and Deuterostomia. Vertebrates have multiple copies of the pathway members, which complicates signaling implementation, whereas model ecdysozoans appear to have lost some components due to fast evolution rates. To shed light on the ancestral state of Hh signaling, models from the third clade, Spiralia, are needed. In our research, we analyzed the transcriptomes of two spiralian animals, errantial annelid Platynereis dumerilii (Nereididae) and sedentarian annelid Pygospio elegans (Spionidae). We found that both annelids express almost all Hh pathway components present in Drosophila and mouse. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of the core pathway components and built multiple sequence alignments of the additional key members. Our results imply that the Hh pathway compositions of both annelids share more similarities with vertebrates than with the fruit fly. Possessing an almost complete set of single-copy Hh pathway members, lophotrochozoan signaling composition may reflect the ancestral features of all three bilaterian branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Platova
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Zoological Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | | | - Milana Kulakova
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Zoological Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (E.N.)
| | | | - Viktor Starunov
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Zoological Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Elena Novikova
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Zoological Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (E.N.)
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7
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König JC, Karsay R, Gerß J, Schlingmann KP, Dahmer-Heath M, Telgmann AK, Kollmann S, Ariceta G, Gillion V, Bockenhauer D, Bertholet-Thomas A, Mastrangelo A, Boyer O, Lilien M, Decramer S, Schanstra J, Pohl M, Schild R, Weber S, Hoefele J, Drube J, Cetiner M, Hansen M, Thumfart J, Tönshoff B, Habbig S, Liebau MC, Bald M, Bergmann C, Pennekamp P, Konrad M. Refining Kidney Survival in 383 Genetically Characterized Patients With Nephronophthisis. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:2016-2028. [PMID: 36090483 PMCID: PMC9459005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nephronophthisis (NPH) comprises a group of rare disorders accounting for up to 10% of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in children. Prediction of kidney prognosis poses a major challenge. We assessed differences in kidney survival, impact of variant type, and the association of clinical characteristics with declining kidney function. Methods Data was obtained from 3 independent sources, namely the network for early onset cystic kidney diseases clinical registry (n = 105), an online survey sent out to the European Reference Network for Rare Kidney Diseases (n = 60), and a literature search (n = 218). Results A total of 383 individuals were available for analysis: 116 NPHP1, 101 NPHP3, 81 NPHP4 and 85 NPHP11/TMEM67 patients. Kidney survival differed between the 4 cohorts with a highly variable median age at onset of ESKD as follows: NPHP3, 4.0 years (interquartile range 0.3–12.0); NPHP1, 13.5 years (interquartile range 10.5–16.5); NPHP4, 16.0 years (interquartile range 11.0–25.0); and NPHP11/TMEM67, 19.0 years (interquartile range 8.7–28.0). Kidney survival was significantly associated with the underlying variant type for NPHP1, NPHP3, and NPHP4. Multivariate analysis for the NPHP1 cohort revealed growth retardation (hazard ratio 3.5) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) treatment (hazard ratio 2.8) as 2 independent factors associated with an earlier onset of ESKD, whereas arterial hypertension was linked to an accelerated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline. Conclusion The presented data will enable clinicians to better estimate kidney prognosis of distinct patients with NPH and thereby allow personalized counseling.
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Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies the VHL Mutation (c.262T > C, p.Try88Arg) in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia-Associated Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:2376-2384. [PMID: 35448166 PMCID: PMC9030033 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) genes are intimately involved in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), including clear cell RCC (ccRCC) pathogenesis. However, the contribution of pathogenic VHL mutations to ccRCC remains poorly understood. We report a xanthoderm with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA)-associated cystic ccRCC, and the missense VHL mutation (c.262T > C, p.Try88Arg). In a 34-year-old patient, a urologic physical examination identified hard epididymis, and imaging tests revealed deferens-associated NOA, as well as multi-organ hydatid cysts, including bilateral epididymal cysts, bilateral testicular cysts, bilateral renal cysts, and pancreatic cysts. Five years later, ccRCC was developed based on clinical and radiologic evidence. Two different prediction models of protein structure and multiple sequence alignment across species were applied to assess the pathological effects of the VHL mutation. The reliability of the assessment in silico was determined by both the cellular location and protein levels of the mutant products, using IF and Western blot, respectively. Our study shows that the missense VHL mutation (c.262T > C, p.Try88Arg) plays a deleterious role in pVHL functions, as predicted by multiple sequence alignment across species. While a structural analysis identified no significant structural alterations in pVHL, the detrimental effects of this mutation were determined by exogenous expression, evidenced by a markedly different spatial distribution and reduced expression of mutant pVHL. This is the first report of the VHL gene mutation (c.475T > C, p.Try88Arg) in a xanthoderm.
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Characterization of the pVHL Interactome in Human Testis Using High-Throughput Library Screening. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041009. [PMID: 35205757 PMCID: PMC8869832 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The von Hippel–Lindau (pVHL) tumor suppressor is a protein that regulates the normal cell adaptation to low oxygen concentrations. When its function is altered by inherited or acquired mutation pVHL becomes causative of a familiar predisposition to develop different types of cancers. Besides this role, pVHL is also thought to have other relevant cell functions, and studies in mice demonstrated that this protein is crucial for correct testis development and sperm maturation. By scanning the testis-specific library, we identified 55 novel proteins that interact with the human pVHL, with many of them directly participating in metabolic pathways frequently altered in cancer. Furthermore, our results suggest that pVHL may be also important for correct gonad function in men. Abstract Functional impairment of the von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor (pVHL) is causative of a familiar increased risk of developing cancer. As an E3 substrate recognition particle, pVHL marks the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) for degradation in normoxic conditions, thus acting as a key regulator of both acute and chronic cell adaptation to hypoxia. The male mice model carrying VHL gene conditional knockout presents significant abnormalities in testis development paired with defects in spermatogenesis and infertility, indicating that pVHL exerts testis-specific roles. Here we aimed to explore whether pVHL could have a similar role in humans by performing a testis-tissue library screening complemented with in-depth bioinformatics analysis. We identified 55 novel pVHL binding proteins directly involved in spermatogenesis, cell differentiation and reproductive metabolism. In addition, computational investigation of these new interactors identified multiple pVHL-specific binding motifs and demonstrated that somatic mutations described in human cancers reside in these binding regions. Collectively, these findings suggest that, in addition to its role in cancer formation, pVHL may also be pivotal in normal gonadal development in humans.
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Patel TN, Dhanyamraju PK. Role of aberrant Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in cancers and developmental anomalies. J Biomed Res 2021; 36:1-9. [PMID: 34963676 PMCID: PMC8894283 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.35.20210139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Development is a sophisticated process maintained by various signal transduction pathways, including the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Several important functions are executed by the Hh signaling cascade such as organogenesis, tissue regeneration, and tissue homeostasis, among various others. Considering the multiple functions carried out by this pathway, any mutation causing aberrant Hh signaling may lead to myriad developmental abnormalities besides cancers. In the present review article, we explored a wide range of diseases caused by aberrant Hh signaling, including developmental defects and cancers. Finally, we concluded this mini-review with various treatment strategies for Hh-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti N Patel
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Ungricht R, Guibbal L, Lasbennes MC, Orsini V, Beibel M, Waldt A, Cuttat R, Carbone W, Basler A, Roma G, Nigsch F, Tchorz JS, Hoepfner D, Hoppe PS. Genome-wide screening in human kidney organoids identifies developmental and disease-related aspects of nephrogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 29:160-175.e7. [PMID: 34847364 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human organoids allow the study of proliferation, lineage specification, and 3D tissue development. Here we present a genome-wide CRISPR screen in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived kidney organoids. The combination of inducible genome editing, longitudinal sampling, and endpoint sorting of tubular and stromal cells generated a complex, high-quality dataset uncovering a broad spectrum of insightful biology from early development to "adult" epithelial morphogenesis. Our functional dataset allows improving mesoderm induction by ROCK inhibition, contains monogenetic and complex trait kidney disease genes, confirms two additional congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) genes (CCDC170 and MYH7B), and provides a large candidate list of ciliopathy-related genes. Finally, identification of a cis-inhibitory effect of Jagged1 controlling epithelial proliferation shows how mosaic knockouts in pooled CRISPR screening can reveal ways of communication between heterogeneous cell populations in complex tissues. These data serve as a rich resource for the kidney research community and as a benchmark for future iPSC-derived organoid CRISPR screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Ungricht
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laure Guibbal
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Vanessa Orsini
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Beibel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annick Waldt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Cuttat
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter Carbone
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Basler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Nigsch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan S Tchorz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Hoepfner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp S Hoppe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Bardet-Biedl Syndrome-Multiple Kaleidoscope Images: Insight into Mechanisms of Genotype-Phenotype Correlations. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091353. [PMID: 34573333 PMCID: PMC8465569 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome is a rare non-motile primary ciliopathy with multisystem involvement and autosomal recessive inheritance. The clinical picture is extremely polymorphic. The main clinical features are retinal cone-rod dystrophy, central obesity, postaxial polydactyly, cognitive impairment, hypogonadism and genitourinary abnormalities, and kidney disease. It is caused by various types of mutations, mainly in genes encoding BBSome proteins, chaperonins, and IFT complex. Variable expressivity and pleiotropy are correlated with the existence of multiple genes and variants modifiers. This review is focused on the phenomena of heterogeneity (locus, allelic, mutational, and clinical) in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, its mechanisms, and importance in early diagnosis and proper management.
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OFD Type I syndrome: lessons learned from a rare ciliopathy. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1929-1939. [PMID: 32897366 DOI: 10.1042/bst20191029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The OFD1 gene was initially identified as the gene responsible for the X-linked dominant male lethal OFD type I syndrome, a developmental disorder ascribed to cilia disfunction. The transcript has been subsequently associated to four different X-linked recessive conditions, namely Joubert syndrome, retinitis pigmentosa, primary ciliary dyskinesia and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel type 2 syndrome. The centrosomal/basal body OFD1 protein has indeed been shown to be required for primary cilia formation and left-right asymmetry. The protein is also involved in other tasks, e.g. regulation of cellular protein content, constrain of the centriolar length, chromatin remodeling at DNA double strand breaks, control of protein quality balance and cell cycle progression, which might be mediated by non-ciliary activities. OFD1 represents a paradigmatic model of a protein that performs its diverse actions according to the cell needs and depending on the subcellular localization, the cell type/tissue and other possible factors still to be determined. An increased number of multitask protein, such as OFD1, may represent a partial explanation to human complexity, as compared with less complex organisms with an equal or slightly lower number of proteins.
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14
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Liu JL, Shen Q, Wu MY, Zhu GH, Li YF, Wang XW, Tang XS, Bi YL, Gong YN, Chen J, Fang XY, Zhai YH, Wu BB, Li GM, Sun YB, Gao XJ, Liu CH, Jiang XY, Hao S, Kang YL, Gong YL, Rong LP, Li D, Wang S, Ma D, Rao J, Xu H. Responsible genes in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux: findings from the Chinese Children Genetic Kidney Disease Database. World J Pediatr 2021; 17:409-418. [PMID: 34059960 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-021-00428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in childhood. The present study identified the possible genetic contributions to primary VUR in children. METHODS Patients with primary VUR were enrolled and analysed based on a national multi-center registration network (Chinese Children Genetic Kidney Disease Database, CCGKDD) that covered 23 different provinces/regions in China from 2014 to 2019. Genetic causes were sought using whole-exome sequencing (WES) or targeted-exome sequencing. RESULTS A total of 379 unrelated patients (male: female 219:160) with primary VUR were recruited. Sixty-four (16.9%) children had extrarenal manifestations, and 165 (43.5%) patients showed the coexistence of other CAKUT phenotypes. Eighty-eight patient (23.2%) exhibited impaired renal function at their last visit, and 18 of them (20.5%) developed ESRD at the median age of 7.0 (IQR 0.9-11.4) years. A monogenic cause was identified in 28 patients (7.39%). These genes included PAX2 (n = 4), TNXB (n = 3), GATA3 (n = 3), SLIT2 (n = 3), ROBO2 (n = 2), TBX18 (n = 2), and the other 11 genes (one gene for each patient). There was a significant difference in the rate of gene mutations between patients with or without extrarenal complications (14.1% vs. 6%, P = 0.035). The frequency of genetic abnormality was not statistically significant based on the coexistence of another CAKUT (9.6% vs. 5.6%, P = 0.139, Chi-square test) and the grade of reflux (9.4% vs. 6.7%, P = 0.429). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the presence of genetic mutations did affect renal survival (Log-rank test, P = 0.01). PAX2 mutation carriers (HR 5.1, 95% CI 1.3-20.0; P = 0.02) and TNXB mutation carriers (HR 20.3, 95% CI 2.4-168.7; P = 0.01) were associated with increased risk of progression to ESRD. CONCLUSIONS PAX2, TNXB, GATA3 and SLIT2 were the main underlying monogenic causes and accounted for up to 46.4% of monogenic VUR. Extrarenal complications and renal function were significantly related to the findings of genetic factors in children with primary VUR. Like other types of CAKUT, several genes may be responsible for isolated VUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Yan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Hua Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Wang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Li Bi
- Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Nv Gong
- Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Hui Zhai
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Bing Wu
- Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Genetic Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Min Li
- Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Genetic Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Bo Sun
- Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cui-Hua Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Pediatric Kidney Disease Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Lin Kang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Liang Gong
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Rong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Pediatric Kidney Disease Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Si Wang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Rao
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China.
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15
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de Fallois J, Schönauer R, Münch J, Nagel M, Popp B, Halbritter J. Challenging Disease Ontology by Instances of Atypical PKHD1 and PKD1 Genetics. Front Genet 2021; 12:682565. [PMID: 34249099 PMCID: PMC8267867 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.682565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal polycystic kidney disease is distinguished into dominant (ADPKD) and recessive (ARPKD) inheritance usually caused by either monoallelic (PKD1/PKD2) or biallelic (PKHD1) germline variation. Clinical presentations are genotype-dependent ranging from fetal demise to mild chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults. Additionally, exemptions from dominant and recessive inheritance have been reported in both disorders resulting in respective phenocopies. Here, we comparatively report three young adults with microcystic-hyperechogenic kidney morphology based on unexpected genetic alterations beyond typical inheritance. Methods Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based gene panel analysis and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) of PKD-associated genes, familial segregation analysis, and reverse phenotyping. Results Three unrelated individuals presented in late adolescence for differential diagnosis of incidental microcystic-hyperechogenic kidneys with preserved kidney and liver function. Upon genetic analysis, we identified a homozygous hypomorphic PKHD1 missense variant causing pseudodominant inheritance in a family, a large monoallelic PKDH1-deletion with atypical transmission, and biallelic PKD1 missense hypomorphs with recessive inheritance. Conclusion By this report, we illustrate clinical presentations associated with atypical PKD-gene alterations beyond traditional modes of inheritance. Large monoallelic PKHD1-alterations as well as biallelic hypomorphs of both PKD1 and PKHD1 may lead to mild CKD in the absence of prominent macrocyst formation and functional liver impairment. The long-term renal prognosis throughout life, however, remains undetermined. Increased detection of atypical inheritance challenges our current thinking of disease ontology not only in PKD but also in Mendelian disorders in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan de Fallois
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ria Schönauer
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Münch
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mato Nagel
- Center for Nephrology and Metabolic Disorders, Weißwasser, Germany
| | - Bernt Popp
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Halbritter
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Hu H, Zhang J, Qiu W, Liang C, Li C, Wei T, Feng Z, Guo Q, Yang K, Liu Z. Comprehensive strategy improves the genetic diagnosis of different polycystic kidney diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6318-6332. [PMID: 34032358 PMCID: PMC8256360 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is known to occur in three main forms, namely autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD), autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD) and syndromic PKD (SPKD), based on the clinical manifestations and genetic causes, which are diagnosable from the embryo stage to the later stages of life. Selection of the genetic test for the individuals with diagnostic imaging reports of cystic kidneys without a family history of the disease continues to be a challenge in clinical practice. With the objective of maintaining a limit on the time and medical cost of the procedure, a practical strategy for genotyping and targeted validation to resolve cystogene variations was developed in our clinical laboratory, which combined the techniques of whole-exome sequencing (WES), Long-range PCR (LR-PCR), Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to work in a stepwise approach. In this context, twenty-six families with renal polycystic disorders were enrolled in the present study. Thirty-two variants involving four ciliary genes (PKD1, PKHD1, TMEM67 and TMEM107) were identified and verified in 23 families (88.5%, 23/26), which expanded the variant spectrum by 16 novel variants. Pathogenic variations in five foetuses of six families diagnosed with PKD were identified using prenatal ultrasound imaging. Constitutional biallelic and digenic variations constituted the pathogenic patterns in these foetuses. The preliminary clinical data highlighted that the WES + LR PCR-based workflow followed in the present study is efficient in detecting divergent variations in PKD. The biallelic and digenic mutations were revealed as the main pathogenic patterns in the foetuses with PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua‐Ying Hu
- Department of OphthalmologyXiang'an Hospital of Xiamen UniversityFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceSchool of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityFujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative MedicineEye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Jiaen Genetics LaboratoryBeijing Jiaen HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis CenterShijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalHebeiChina
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of UrologyBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Pediatric OrthopedicsShijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalHebeiChina
| | - Cun‐Xi Li
- Jiaen Genetics LaboratoryBeijing Jiaen HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Tian‐Ying Wei
- Jiaen Genetics LaboratoryBeijing Jiaen HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhan‐Ke Feng
- Jiaen Genetics LaboratoryBeijing Jiaen HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Qing Guo
- Prenatal Diagnosis CenterShijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalHebeiChina
| | - Kai Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis CenterBeijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zu‐Guo Liu
- Department of OphthalmologyXiang'an Hospital of Xiamen UniversityFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceSchool of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityFujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative MedicineEye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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17
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Therapeutically actionable signaling node to rescue AURKA driven loss of primary cilia in VHL-deficient cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10461. [PMID: 34002003 PMCID: PMC8128866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of primary cilia in cells deficient for the tumor suppressor von Hippel Lindau (VHL) arise from elevated Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) levels. VHL in its role as an E3 ubiquitin ligase targets AURKA for degradation and in the absence of VHL, high levels of AURKA result in destabilization of the primary cilium. We identified NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/AKT and mTOR inhibitor, in an image-based high throughput screen, as a small molecule that restored primary cilia in VHL-deficient cells. We identified the ability of AKT to modulate AURKA expression at the transcript and protein level. Independent modulation of AKT and mTOR signaling decreased AURKA expression in cells confirming AURKA as a new signaling node downstream of the PI3K cascade. Corroborating these data, a genetic knockdown of AKT in cells deficient for VHL rescued the ability of these cells to ciliate. Finally, inhibition of AKT/mTOR using NVP-BEZ235 was efficacious in reducing tumor burden in a 786-0 xenograft model of renal cell carcinoma. These data highlight a previously unappreciated signaling node downstream of the AKT/mTOR pathway via AURKA that can be targeted in VHL-null cells to restore ciliogenesis.
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18
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Molecular genetics of renal ciliopathies. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1205-1220. [PMID: 33960378 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal ciliopathies are a heterogenous group of inherited disorders leading to an array of phenotypes that include cystic kidney disease and renal interstitial fibrosis leading to progressive chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. The renal tubules are lined with epithelial cells that possess primary cilia that project into the lumen and act as sensory and signalling organelles. Mutations in genes encoding ciliary proteins involved in the structure and function of primary cilia cause ciliopathy syndromes and affect many organ systems including the kidney. Recognised disease phenotypes associated with primary ciliopathies that have a strong renal component include autosomal dominant and recessive polycystic kidney disease and their various mimics, including atypical polycystic kidney disease and nephronophthisis. The molecular investigation of inherited renal ciliopathies often allows a precise diagnosis to be reached where renal histology and other investigations have been unhelpful and can help in determining kidney prognosis. With increasing molecular insights, it is now apparent that renal ciliopathies form a continuum of clinical phenotypes with disease entities that have been classically described as dominant or recessive at both extremes of the spectrum. Gene-dosage effects, hypomorphic alleles, modifier genes and digenic inheritance further contribute to the genetic complexity of these disorders. This review will focus on recent molecular genetic advances in the renal ciliopathy field with a focus on cystic kidney disease phenotypes and the genotypes that lead to them. We discuss recent novel insights into underlying disease mechanisms of renal ciliopathies that might be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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19
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Koscinski I, Mark M, Messaddeq N, Braun JJ, Celebi C, Muller J, Zinetti-Bertschy A, Goetz N, Dollfus H, Rossignol S. Reproduction Function in Male Patients With Bardet Biedl Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgaa551. [PMID: 32835378 PMCID: PMC7538103 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy with a wide spectrum of symptoms due to primary cilia dysfunction, including genitourinary developmental anomalies as well as impaired reproduction, particularly in males. Primary cilia are known to be required at the following steps of reproduction function: (i) genitourinary organogenesis, (ii) in fetal firing of hypothalamo-pituitary axe, (iii) sperm flagellum structure, and (iv) first zygotic mitosis conducted by proximal sperm centriole. BBS phenotype is not fully understood. METHODS This study explored all steps of reproduction in 11 French male patients with identified BBS mutations. RESULTS BBS patients frequently presented with genitourinary malformations, such as cryptorchidism (5/11), short scrotum (5/8), and micropenis (5/8), but unexpectedly, with normal testis size (7/8). Ultrasonography highlighted epididymal cysts or agenesis of one seminal vesicle in some cases. Sexual hormones levels were normal in all patients except one. Sperm numeration was normal in 8 out of the 10 obtained samples. Five to 45% of sperm presented a progressive motility. Electron microscopy analysis of spermatozoa did not reveal any homogeneous abnormality. Moreover, a psychological approach pointed to a decreased self-confidence linked to blindness and obesity explaining why so few BBS patients express a child wish. CONCLUSIONS Primary cilia dysfunction in BBS impacts the embryology of the male genital tract, especially epididymis, penis, and scrotum through an insufficient fetal androgen production. However, in adults, sperm structure does not seem to be impacted. These results should be confirmed in a greater BBS patient cohort, focusing on fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Koscinski
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction/CECOS Lorraine, Hôpitaux universitaires de Nancy, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, NGERE, Nancy, France
| | - Manuel Mark
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadia Messaddeq
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Jean Jacques Braun
- Service ORL et CCF, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Celebi
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Muller
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace (IGMA), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace (IGMA), Strasbourg, France
| | - Anna Zinetti-Bertschy
- Pôle de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Neuropsychologie cognitive et physiopathologie de la schizophrénie, Unité de recherche INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Goetz
- Filière SENSGENE, Centre de Référence pour les affections rares en génétique ophtalmologique (CARGO), Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace (IGMA), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace (IGMA), Strasbourg, France
- Filière SENSGENE, Centre de Référence pour les affections rares en génétique ophtalmologique (CARGO), Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace (IGMA), Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Rossignol
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace (IGMA), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace (IGMA), Strasbourg, France
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace (IGMA), Strasbourg, France
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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