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Wu Y, Zhao Y, Guan Z, Esmaeili S, Xiao Z, Kuriakose D. JNK3 inhibitors as promising pharmaceuticals with neuroprotective properties. Cell Adh Migr 2024; 18:1-11. [PMID: 38357988 PMCID: PMC10878020 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2024.2316576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The intensive study and investigation of neuroprotective therapy for central nervous system (CNS) diseases is ongoing. Due to shared mechanisms of neurodegeneration, a neuroprotective approach might offer benefits across multiple neurological disorders, despite variations in symptoms or injuries. C-Jun N-terminal Kinase 3 (JNK3) is found primarily in the CNS and is involved in physiological processes such as brain development, synapse formation, and memory formation. The potential of JNK3 as a target for pharmacological development holds promise for advancing neuroprotective therapies. Developing small molecule JNK3 inhibitors into drugs with neuroprotective qualities could facilitate neuronal restoration and self-repair. This review focuses on elucidating key neuroprotective mechanisms, exploring the interplay between neurodegenerative diseases and neuroprotection, and discussing advancements in JNK3 inhibitor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibeini Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Yiling Zhao
- Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ziman Guan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Sajjad Esmaeili
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Zhicheng Xiao
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
- Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Diji Kuriakose
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
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2
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Tregub PP, Kulikov VP, Ibrahimli I, Tregub OF, Volodkin AV, Ignatyuk MA, Kostin AA, Atiakshin DA. Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroprotection after the Intermittent Exposures of Hypercapnic Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3665. [PMID: 38612476 PMCID: PMC11011936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The review introduces the stages of formation and experimental confirmation of the hypothesis regarding the mutual potentiation of neuroprotective effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia during their combined influence (hypercapnic hypoxia). The main focus is on the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the formation of ischemic tolerance in the brain during intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia. Importantly, the combined effect of hypoxia and hypercapnia exerts a more pronounced neuroprotective effect compared to their separate application. Some signaling systems are associated with the predominance of the hypoxic stimulus (HIF-1α, A1 receptors), while others (NF-κB, antioxidant activity, inhibition of apoptosis, maintenance of selective blood-brain barrier permeability) are mainly modulated by hypercapnia. Most of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the formation of brain tolerance to ischemia are due to the contribution of both excess carbon dioxide and oxygen deficiency (ATP-dependent potassium channels, chaperones, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial metabolism reprogramming). Overall, experimental studies indicate the dominance of hypercapnia in the neuroprotective effect of its combined action with hypoxia. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of hypercapnic-hypoxic training in the treatment of childhood cerebral palsy and diabetic polyneuropathy in children. Combining hypercapnic hypoxia with pharmacological modulators of neuro/cardio/cytoprotection signaling pathways is likely to be promising for translating experimental research into clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel P. Tregub
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific and Educational Resource Center “Innovative Technologies of Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis”, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (M.A.I.); (A.A.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Vladimir P. Kulikov
- Department of Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics, Altay State Medical University, 656040 Barnaul, Russia;
| | - Irada Ibrahimli
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Artem V. Volodkin
- Scientific and Educational Resource Center “Innovative Technologies of Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis”, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (M.A.I.); (A.A.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Michael A. Ignatyuk
- Scientific and Educational Resource Center “Innovative Technologies of Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis”, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (M.A.I.); (A.A.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Andrey A. Kostin
- Scientific and Educational Resource Center “Innovative Technologies of Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis”, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (M.A.I.); (A.A.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Dmitrii A. Atiakshin
- Scientific and Educational Resource Center “Innovative Technologies of Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis”, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (M.A.I.); (A.A.K.); (D.A.A.)
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3
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Frelikh GA, Yanovskaya EA, Lakeev AP, Chernysheva GA, Smolyakova VI, Kovrizhina AR. Dose proportionality and bioavailability of quinoxaline-based JNK inhibitor after single oral and intravenous administration in rats. Xenobiotica 2024; 54:18-25. [PMID: 38153086 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2299686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The dose proportionality and bioavailability of the potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective JNK inhibitor 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime (IQ-1) were evaluated by comparing pharmacokinetic parameters after single oral (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and intravenous (1 mg/kg) IQ-1 administration in rats.IQ-1 and its major metabolite ketone 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one (IQ-18) were isolated from plasma samples by liquid-liquid extraction. IQ-1 (E-isomer) and IQ-18 were simultaneously quantified in plasma by the validated method of liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).The absolute bioavailability of IQ-1 was < 1.5%. Cmax values were 24.72 ± 4.30, 25.66 ± 7.11 and 37.61 ± 3.53 ng/mL after single oral administration of IQ-1 at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. IQ-1 exhibited dose proportionality at 50-100 mg/kg dose levels, whereas its pharmacokinetics was not dose proportional over the range of 25-50 mg/kg. IQ-18 demonstrated the invariance of the dose-normalized Cmax.In this study we systematically elucidated the absorption characteristics of IQ-1 in rat gastrointestinal tract and provided better understanding of IQ-1 pharmacology for the future development of a new formulations and therapeutic optimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina A Frelikh
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elena A Yanovskaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander P Lakeev
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Galina A Chernysheva
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vera I Smolyakova
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia R Kovrizhina
- Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
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4
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Yanovskaya EA, Frelikh GA, Lakeev AP, Chernysheva GA, Smol'yakova VI, Kovrizhina AR. Pharmacokinetics of a New Neuroprotector - Indenoquinoxalinone Derivative after Intravenous Administration in Rabbits and Rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:770-773. [PMID: 37987946 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The specific JNK inhibitor and NO donor 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime (IQ-1) demonstrated pronounced neuroprotective properties in an in vivo model of ischemic stroke in rats. The pharmacokinetic behavior of IQ-1 was studied in two animal species (rats, rabbits) after intravenous administration in a dose of 1 mg/kg. IQ-1 concentrations in venous blood plasma were measured by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The pharmacokinetics of IQ-1 was adequately described by the two-compartmental model. The calculated C0 for IQ-1 in rabbit and rat plasma were 2239.83±1229.55 and 1552.50±182.23 ng/ml, respectively. Two animal species are characterized by extensive tissue distribution of IQ-1 (Vss exceeded the total body water in rabbits and rats by 3.6 and 5.6 times, respectively) and high clearance values (88-94% of hepatic blood flow).
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Yanovskaya
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - G A Frelikh
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A P Lakeev
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - G A Chernysheva
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V I Smol'yakova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A R Kovrizhina
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
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5
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Plotnikov MB, Chernysheva GA, Smol’yakova VI, Aliev OI, Anishchenko AM, Ulyakhina OA, Trofimova ES, Ligacheva AA, Anfinogenova ND, Osipenko AN, Kovrizhina AR, Khlebnikov AI, Schepetkin IA, Drozd AG, Plotnikov EV, Atochin DN, Quinn MT. Neuroprotective Effects of Tryptanthrin-6-Oxime in a Rat Model of Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1057. [PMID: 37630972 PMCID: PMC10457995 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays an important role in stroke outcomes. Tryptanthrin-6-oxime (TRYP-Ox) is reported to have high affinity for JNK and anti-inflammatory activity and may be of interest as a promising neuroprotective agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of TRYP-Ox in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia (FCI), which involved intraluminal occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) for 1 h. Animals in the experimental group were administered intraperitoneal injections of TRYP-Ox 30 min before reperfusion and 23 and 47 h after FCI. Neurological status was assessed 4, 24, and 48 h following FCI onset. Treatment with 5 and 10 mg/kg of TRYP-Ox decreased mean scores of neurological deficits by 35-49 and 46-67% at 24 and 48 h, respectively. At these doses, TRYP-Ox decreased the infarction size by 28-31% at 48 h after FCI. TRYP-Ox (10 mg/kg) reduced the content of interleukin (IL) 1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the ischemic core area of the MCA region by 33% and 38%, respectively, and attenuated cerebral edema by 11% in the left hemisphere, which was affected by infarction, and by 6% in the right, contralateral hemisphere 24 h after FCI. TRYP-Ox reduced c-Jun phosphorylation in the MCA pool at 1 h after reperfusion. TRYP-Ox was predicted to have high blood-brain barrier permeability using various calculated descriptors and binary classification trees. Indeed, reactive oxidant production was significantly lower in the brain homogenates from rats treated with TRYP-Ox versus that in control animals. Our data suggest that the neuroprotective activity of TRYP-Ox may be due to the ability of this compound to inhibit JNK and exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Thus, TRYP-Ox may be considered a promising neuroprotective agent that potentially could be used for the development of new treatment strategies in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Plotnikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
- Faculty of Radiophysics, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Galina A. Chernysheva
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Vera I. Smol’yakova
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Oleg I. Aliev
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Anna M. Anishchenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Olga A. Ulyakhina
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Eugene S. Trofimova
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Anastasia A. Ligacheva
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Nina D. Anfinogenova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634012, Russia;
| | - Anton N. Osipenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Anastasia R. Kovrizhina
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.R.K.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Andrei I. Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.R.K.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Anastasia G. Drozd
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.G.D.); (E.V.P.)
| | - Evgenii V. Plotnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.G.D.); (E.V.P.)
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634014, Russia
| | - Dmitriy N. Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
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Schepetkin IA, Karpenko OS, Kovrizhina AR, Kirpotina LN, Khlebnikov AI, Chekal SI, Radudik AV, Shybinska MO, Quinn MT. Novel Tryptanthrin Derivatives with Selectivity as c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) 3 Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:4806. [PMID: 37375361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) family includes three proteins (JNK1-3) that regulate many physiological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation, cell survival, and inflammation. Because of emerging data suggesting that JNK3 may play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease, as well as cancer pathogenesis, we sought to identify JNK inhibitors with increased selectivity for JNK3. A panel of 26 novel tryptanthrin-6-oxime analogs was synthesized and evaluated for JNK1-3 binding (Kd) and inhibition of cellular inflammatory responses. Compounds 4d (8-methoxyindolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-6,12-dione oxime) and 4e (8-phenylindolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-6,12-dione oxime) had high selectivity for JNK3 versus JNK1 and JNK2 and inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-κB/activating protein 1 (NF-κB/AP-1) transcriptional activity in THP-1Blue cells and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by MonoMac-6 monocytic cells in the low micromolar range. Likewise, compounds 4d, 4e, and pan-JNK inhibitor 4h (9-methylindolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-6,12-dione oxime) decreased LPS-induced c-Jun phosphorylation in MonoMac-6 cells, directly confirming JNK inhibition. Molecular modeling suggested modes of binding interaction of these compounds in the JNK3 catalytic site that were in agreement with the experimental data on JNK3 binding. Our results demonstrate the potential for developing anti-inflammatory drugs based on these nitrogen-containing heterocyclic systems with selectivity for JNK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Oleksander S Karpenko
- O.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 65080 Odesa, Ukraine
| | | | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | - Stepan I Chekal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University, 65082 Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Alevtyna V Radudik
- O.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 65080 Odesa, Ukraine
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University, 65082 Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Maryna O Shybinska
- O.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 65080 Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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7
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Plotnikov MB, Chernysheva GA, Smol’yakova VI, Aliev OI, Fomina TI, Sandrikina LA, Sukhodolo IV, Ivanova VV, Osipenko AN, Anfinogenova ND, Khlebnikov AI, Atochin DN, Schepetkin IA, Quinn MT. Cardioprotective Effects of a Selective c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Inhibitor in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction. Biomedicines 2023; 11:714. [PMID: 36979693 PMCID: PMC10044897 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) is involved in myocardial injury, left ventricular remodeling (LV), and heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of a selective JNK inhibitor, 11H-indeno [1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime (IQ-1), on myocardial injury and acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in adult male Wistar rats. Intraperitoneal administration of IQ-1 (25 mg/kg daily for 5 days) resulted in a significant decrease in myocardial infarct size on day 5 after MI. On day 60 after MI, a significant (2.6-fold) decrease in LV scar size, a 2.2-fold decrease in the size of the LV cavity, a 2.9-fold decrease in the area of mature connective tissue, and a 1.7-fold decrease in connective tissue in the interventricular septum were observed compared with the control group. The improved contractile function of the heart resulted in a significant (33%) increase in stroke size, a 40% increase in cardiac output, a 12% increase in LV systolic pressure, a 28% increase in the LV maximum rate of pressure rise, a 45% increase in the LV maximum rate of pressure drop, a 29% increase in the contractility index, a 14% increase in aortic pressure, a 2.7-fold decrease in LV end-diastolic pressure, and a 4.2-fold decrease in LV minimum pressure. We conclude that IQ-1 has cardioprotective activity and reduces the severity of HF after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Plotnikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
- Faculty of Radiophysics, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Galina A. Chernysheva
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vera I. Smol’yakova
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oleg I. Aliev
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana I. Fomina
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Lyubov A. Sandrikina
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Irina V. Sukhodolo
- Department of Morphology and General Pathology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vera V. Ivanova
- Department of Morphology and General Pathology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anton N. Osipenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nina D. Anfinogenova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Dmitriy N. Atochin
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02115, USA
| | - Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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8
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Suppression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration-like Pathology by c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Inhibitor IQ-1S. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020395. [PMID: 36830932 PMCID: PMC9953667 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment worldwide. The development of AMD is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and progressive proteostasis imbalance, in the regulation of which c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) play a crucial role. JNK inhibition is discussed as an alternative way for prevention and treatment of AMD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here we assess the retinoprotective potential of the recently synthesized JNK inhibitor 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime sodium salt (IQ-1S) using senescence-accelerated OXYS rats as a model of AMD. The treatment with IQ-1S (50 mg/kg body weight intragastric) during the period of active disease development (from 4.5 to 6 months of age) improved some (but not all) histological abnormalities associated with retinopathy. IQ-1S improved blood circulation, increased the functional activity of the retinal pigment epithelium, reduced the VEGF expression in the endothelial cells, and increased the expression of PEDF in the neuroretina. The result was a decrease in the degeneration of photoreceptors and neurons of the inner layers. IQ-1S significantly improved the retinal ultrastructure and increased the number of mitochondria, which were significantly reduced in the neuroretina of OXYS rats compared to Wistar rats. It seems probable that using IQ-1S can be a good prophylactic strategy to treat AMD.
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Quantification of a promising JNK inhibitor and nitrovasodilator IQ-1 and its major metabolite in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:1423-1441. [PMID: 36705017 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: IQ-1 is a promising c-Jun-N-terminal kinase inhibitor and nitrovasodilator. An LC-MS/MS method was validated to determine IQ-1 isomers and major metabolite IQ-18 in rat plasma. Materials & methods: The analytes were extracted using ethyl acetate. The chromatographic separation was performed on a C8 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) under acetonitrile-water (5 mM ammonium formate buffer, pH 2.93) gradient elution. Multiple reaction monitoring was used for MS/MS detection in the positive ion mode. Results: The method was fully validated over the range of 0.1-400 ng/ml (Z-isomer), 0.9-3600 ng/ml (E-isomer), 5.0-4000 (IQ-18). Conclusion: This method has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of IQ-1 and IQ-18 in rats after a single oral dose of IQ-1 (50 mg/kg).
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Schepetkin IA, Chernysheva GA, Aliev OI, Kirpotina LN, Smol’yakova VI, Osipenko AN, Plotnikov MB, Kovrizhina AR, Khlebnikov AI, Plotnikov EV, Quinn MT. Neuroprotective Effects of the Lithium Salt of a Novel JNK Inhibitor in an Animal Model of Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092119. [PMID: 36140222 PMCID: PMC9495587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) regulate many physiological processes, including inflammatory responses, morphogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and cell death. Therefore, JNKs represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. In an effort to develop improved JNK inhibitors, we synthesized the lithium salt of 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11-one oxime (IQ-1L) and evaluated its affinity for JNK and biological activity in vitro and in vivo. According to density functional theory (DFT) modeling, the Li+ ion stabilizes the six-membered ring with the 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11-one (IQ-1) oximate better than Na+. Molecular docking showed that the Z isomer of the IQ-1 oximate should bind JNK1 and JNK3 better than (E)-IQ-1. Indeed, experimental analysis showed that IQ-1L exhibited higher JNK1-3 binding affinity in comparison with IQ-1S. IQ-1L also was a more effective inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-κB/activating protein 1 (NF-κB/AP-1) transcriptional activity in THP-1Blue monocytes and was a potent inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine production by MonoMac-6 monocytic cells. In addition, IQ-1L inhibited LPS-induced c-Jun phosphorylation in MonoMac-6 cells, directly confirming JNK inhibition. In a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia (FCI), intraperitoneal injections of 12 mg/kg IQ-1L led to significant neuroprotective effects, decreasing total neurological deficit scores by 28, 29, and 32% at 4, 24, and 48 h after FCI, respectively, and reducing infarct size by 52% at 48 h after FCI. The therapeutic efficacy of 12 mg/kg IQ-1L was comparable to that observed with 25 mg/kg of IQ-1S, indicating that complexation with Li+ improved efficacy of this compound. We conclude that IQ-1L is more effective than IQ-1S in treating cerebral ischemia injury and thus represents a promising anti-inflammatory compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Galina A. Chernysheva
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oleg I. Aliev
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Liliya N. Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Vera I. Smol’yakova
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anton N. Osipenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovskiy tract, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mark B. Plotnikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
- Radiophysical Faculty, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Evgenii V. Plotnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-406-994-4707; Fax: +1-406-994-4303
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Qin P, Ran Y, Liu Y, Wei C, Luan X, Niu H, Peng J, Sun J, Wu J. Recent advances of small molecule JNK3 inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106090. [PMID: 35964505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a member of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family, with three isoforms, JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disorder and the most common type of dementia. Two well-established AD pathologies are the deposition of Aβ amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles caused by Tau hyperphosphorylation. JNK3 is involved in forming amyloid Aβ and neurofibrillary tangles, suggesting that JNK3 may represent a target to develop treatments for AD. Therefore, this review will discuss the roles of JNK3 in the pathogenesis and treatment of AD, and the latest progress in the development of JNK3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxia Qin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yingying Ran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yujing Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Chao Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Luan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Haoqian Niu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jingde Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
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12
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Synthesis, Biological Activities and Molecular Docking analysis of a Novel Series of 11H-Indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one Derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Matveevskaya VV, Pavlov DI, Samsonenko DG, Bonfili L, Cuccioloni M, Benassi E, Pettinari R, Potapov AS. Arene-ruthenium(II) complexes with tetracyclic oxime derivatives: synthesis, structure and antiproliferative activity against human breast cancer cells. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Tregub PP. Effect of Hypercapnia and Hypoxia on the Physiology and Metabolism of the Cerebral Endothelium under Ischemic Conditions. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Drug repurposing for stroke intervention. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1974-1982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Zhu Y, Shuai W, Zhao M, Pan X, Pei J, Wu Y, Bu F, Wang A, Ouyang L, Wang G. Unraveling the Design and Discovery of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Inhibitors and Their Therapeutic Potential in Human Diseases. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3758-3775. [PMID: 35200035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, are encoded by three genes: jnk1, jnk2, and jnk3. JNKs are involved in the pathogenesis and development of many diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and cancers. Therefore, JNKs have become important therapeutic targets. Many JNK inhibitors have been discovered, and some have been introduced into clinical trials. However, the study of isoform-selective JNK inhibitors is still a challenging task. To further develop novel JNK inhibitors with clinical value, a comprehensive understanding of JNKs and their corresponding inhibitors is required. In this Perspective, we introduced the JNK signaling pathways and reviewed different chemical types of JNK inhibitors, focusing on their structure-activity relationships and biological activities. The challenges and strategies for the development of JNK inhibitors are also discussed. It is hoped that this Perspective will provide valuable references for the development of novel selective JNK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Shuai
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junping Pei
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongya Wu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Faqian Bu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Tsai YT, Huang HC, Kao ST, Chang TT, Cheng CY. Neuroprotective Effects of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq against Mitochondria-Related Apoptosis by the Interactions between Upregulated p38 MAPK Signaling and Downregulated JNK Signaling in the Subacute Phase of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:2057-2083. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis in the penumbra region is the major cell death mechanism occurring during ischemia–reperfusion injury’s early phase. Here, we evaluated how the Alpinia oxyphylla Miq (AOM) affects mitochondria-related apoptosis 3 days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and examined the mechanisms underlying the regulation of MAPK-mediated mitochondria-related apoptotic signaling in the peri-infarct cortex in rats. The rats were administered the AOM extract intraperitoneally at doses of 0.2[Formula: see text]g/kg (AOM-0.2[Formula: see text]g), 0.4[Formula: see text]g/kg (AOM-0.4[Formula: see text]g), or 0.8[Formula: see text]g/kg (AOM-0.8[Formula: see text]g) at MCAo initiation. The AOM-0.4[Formula: see text]g and AOM-0.8[Formula: see text]g significantly ameliorated apoptotic cell death and considerably downregulated cytochrome c (cyto c) and cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactivity 3 days after reperfusion. Simultaneously, they significantly downregulated cytosolic p-JNK/JNK, cathepsin B/actin, cyto c/actin, Smac/DIABLO/actin, cleaved caspase-3/actin, and AIF/actin and mitochondrial p53/HSP60 and Bax/HSP60 fractions but upregulated cytosolic p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK, p-p90RSK/actin, p-Bad/Bad, p-CREB/actin, and XIAP/actin and cytosolic and mitochondrial Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-xL/Bax fractions in the peri-infarct cortex. Pretreatment with SB203580 — a p38 MAPK inhibitor — completely abrogated the effects of AOM-0.8[Formula: see text]g on the aforementioned protein expression, whereas treatment with SP600125 — a JNK inhibitor — exerted protective effects similar to those of AOM-0.8[Formula: see text]g. Treatment with 0.4 or 0.8[Formula: see text]g/kg AOM has neuroprotective effects against mitochondria-related apoptosis by suppressing cyto c, Smac/DIABLO, and AIF release from the mitochondria to cytosol. The anti-mitochondria related apoptotic effects of the AOM extract are attributable to the interactions between upregulated p38 MAPK/p90RSK-mediated p-Bad and CREB signaling and downregulated JNK/cathepsin B-mediated Bax and p53 signaling in the peri-infarct cortex 3 days after transient MCAo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ting Tsai
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ti Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yi Cheng
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital, Taichung 42056, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 42056, Taiwan
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18
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Liakhov SA, Schepetkin IA, Karpenko OS, Duma HI, Haidarzhy NM, Kirpotina LN, Kovrizhina AR, Khlebnikov AI, Bagryanskaya IY, Quinn MT. Novel c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) Inhibitors with an 11 H-Indeno[1,2- b]quinoxalin-11-one Scaffold. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185688. [PMID: 34577159 PMCID: PMC8464905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a central role in stress signaling pathways implicated in important pathological processes, including rheumatoid arthritis and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, inhibition of JNK is of interest for molecular targeted therapy to treat various diseases. We synthesized 13 derivatives of our reported JNK inhibitor 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime and evaluated their binding to the three JNK isoforms and their biological effects. Eight compounds exhibited submicromolar binding affinity for at least one JNK isoform. Most of these compounds also inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-κB/activating protein 1 (NF-κB/AP-1) activation and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in human monocytic THP1-Blue cells and human MonoMac-6 cells, respectively. Selected compounds (4f and 4m) also inhibited LPS-induced c-Jun phosphorylation in MonoMac-6 cells, directly confirming JNK inhibition. We conclude that indenoquinoxaline-based oximes can serve as specific small-molecule modulators for mechanistic studies of JNKs, as well as potential leads for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii A. Liakhov
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 65080 Odessa, Ukraine; (S.A.L.); (O.S.K.); (H.I.D.)
| | - Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (I.A.S.); (L.N.K.)
| | - Olexander S. Karpenko
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 65080 Odessa, Ukraine; (S.A.L.); (O.S.K.); (H.I.D.)
| | - Hanna I. Duma
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 65080 Odessa, Ukraine; (S.A.L.); (O.S.K.); (H.I.D.)
| | | | - Liliya N. Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (I.A.S.); (L.N.K.)
| | - Anastasia R. Kovrizhina
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.R.K.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Andrei I. Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.R.K.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Irina Y. Bagryanskaya
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; (I.A.S.); (L.N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +406-994-4707; Fax: +406-994-4303
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Cheng CY, Chiang SY, Kao ST, Huang SC. Alpinia oxyphylla Miq extract reduces cerebral infarction by downregulating JNK-mediated TLR4/T3JAM- and ASK1-related inflammatory signaling in the acute phase of transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Chin Med 2021; 16:82. [PMID: 34419138 PMCID: PMC8379872 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-ischemic inflammation is a crucial component in stroke pathology in the early phase of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Inflammation caused by microglia, astrocytes, and necrotic cells, produces pro-inflammatory mediators and exacerbates cerebral I/R injury. This study evaluated the effects of the Alpinia oxyphylla Miq [Yi Zhi Ren (YZR)] extract on cerebral infarction at 1 day after 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-mediated inflammatory cascades in the penumbral cortex. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with the YZR extract at the doses of 0.2 g/kg (YZR-0.2 g), 0.4 g/kg (YZR-0.4 g), or 0.8 g/kg (YZR-0.8 g) at MCAo onset. Results YZR-0.4 g and YZR-0.8 g treatments markedly reduced cerebral infarction, attenuated neurological deficits, and significantly downregulated the expression of phospho-apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (p-ASK1)/ASK1, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), TRAF3-interacting JNK-activating modulator (T3JAM), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), p-JNK/JNK, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and interleukin-6 in the penumbral cortex at 1 day after reperfusion. SP600125 (SP), a selective JNK inhibitor, had the same effects. Furthermore, Iba1- and GFAP-positive cells were colocalized with TLR4, and colocalization of GFAP-positive cells was found with NF-κB in the nuclei. Conclusion YZR-0.4 g and YZR-0.8 g treatments exerted beneficial effects on cerebral ischemic injury by downregulating JNK-mediated signaling in the peri-infarct cortex. Moreover, the anti-infarction effects of YZR extract treatments were partially attributed to the downregulation of JNK-mediated TLR4/T3JAM- and ASK1-related inflammatory signaling pathways in the penumbral cortex at 1 day after reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yi Cheng
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital, Taichung, 42056, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yin Chiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Chih Huang
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40447, Taiwan.
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Schepetkin IA, Plotnikov MB, Khlebnikov AI, Plotnikova TM, Quinn MT. Oximes: Novel Therapeutics with Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Potential. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060777. [PMID: 34067242 PMCID: PMC8224626 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oximes have been studied for decades because of their significant roles as acetylcholinesterase reactivators. Over the last twenty years, a large number of oximes have been reported with useful pharmaceutical properties, including compounds with antibacterial, anticancer, anti-arthritis, and anti-stroke activities. Many oximes are kinase inhibitors and have been shown to inhibit over 40 different kinases, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), serine/threonine kinases glycogen synthase kinase 3 α/β (GSK-3α/β), Aurora A, B-Raf, Chk1, death-associated protein-kinase-related 2 (DRAK2), phosphorylase kinase (PhK), serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK), Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK), and multiple receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases. Some oximes are inhibitors of lipoxygenase 5, human neutrophil elastase, and proteinase 3. The oxime group contains two H-bond acceptors (nitrogen and oxygen atoms) and one H-bond donor (OH group), versus only one H-bond acceptor present in carbonyl groups. This feature, together with the high polarity of oxime groups, may lead to a significantly different mode of interaction with receptor binding sites compared to corresponding carbonyl compounds, despite small changes in the total size and shape of the compound. In addition, oximes can generate nitric oxide. This review is focused on oximes as kinase inhibitors with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Oximes with non-kinase targets or mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Mark B. Plotnikov
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634028 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Andrei I. Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
- Scientific Research Institute of Biological Medicine, Altai State University, 656049 Barnaul, Russia
| | - Tatiana M. Plotnikova
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-406-994-4707; Fax: +1-406-994-4303
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21
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Nie Z, Xia X, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Wang J. JNK selective inhibitor, IQ-1S, protects the mice against lipopolysaccharides-induced sepsis. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 30:115945. [PMID: 33340939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe systemic inflammatory response induced by infection. Innate immunity recognizes pathogen components such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and mediates the polarization of immune cells and the release of cytokines. However, this process is also crucial for triggering sepsis and septic shock. To investigate the potential therapeutic function of 11H-indeno [1,2-b] quinoxalin-11-one oxime (IQ-1S) to sepsis, LPS plus d-galactosamine was used to establish a sepsis mouse model. Flow cytometry was performed to catalyze T cells and macrophages in mouse spleen. ELISA assay and qRT-PCR assay were performed to estimate the expression levels of cytokines and related genes including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, Nos2, Arg and Mrc. The protein levels of NF-κB, AP1, NF-Y, p-JNK2, JNK2, p-p38, p38, p-IκBα, IκBα, p-IKKβ and IKKβ were evaluated by Western blot assay. IQ-1S treatment significantly reduced mortality and lung inflammation in sepsis mice. IQ-1S treatment decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines in sepsis mice. Polarization of M1 macrophages was suppressed by IQ-1S in vitro. IQ-1S significantly inhibited the activation of the JNK signaling pathway and reduced the phosphorylation level of JNK2 in sepsis mice. IQ-1S protected the mice against LPS-induced sepsis through inhibiting JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelong Nie
- Department of Emergency, Xingtai People's Hospital of Hebei Province, No. 16 Hongxing Street, Xingtai 054000, Hebei, China.
| | - Xiaoli Xia
- Department of Cardiology CCU, Xingtai Third Hospital of Hebei Province, No. 108 Gangtie, North Street, Xingtai 054000, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College, No. 618 Gangtie, North Street, Xingtai 054000, Hebei, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Xingtai People's Hospital of Hebei Province, No. 16 Hongxing Street, Xingtai 054000, Hebei, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Xingtai People's Hospital of Hebei Province, No. 16 Hongxing Street, Xingtai 054000, Hebei, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- Department of Emergency, Xingtai People's Hospital of Hebei Province, No. 16 Hongxing Street, Xingtai 054000, Hebei, China
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Alarmins and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) Signaling in Neuroinflammation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112350. [PMID: 33114371 PMCID: PMC7693759 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in the progression or secondary injury of multiple brain conditions, including stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Alarmins, also known as damage-associated molecular patterns, are released in the presence of neuroinflammation and in the acute phase of ischemia. Defensins, cathelicidin, high-mobility group box protein 1, S100 proteins, heat shock proteins, nucleic acids, histones, nucleosomes, and monosodium urate microcrystals are thought to be alarmins. They are released from damaged or dying cells and activate the innate immune system by interacting with pattern recognition receptors. Being principal sterile inflammation triggering agents, alarmins are considered biomarkers and therapeutic targets. They are recognized by host cells and prime the innate immune system toward cell death and distress. In stroke, alarmins act as mediators initiating the inflammatory response after the release from the cellular components of the infarct core and penumbra. Increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation may be involved in the mechanism of stress-induced release of alarmins. Putative crosstalk between the alarmin-associated pathways and JNK signaling seems to be inherently interwoven. This review outlines the role of alarmins/JNK-signaling in cerebral neurovascular inflammation and summarizes the complex response of cells to alarmins. Emerging anti-JNK and anti-alarmin drug treatment strategies are discussed.
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