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Cui Q, Gao Y, Wen Q, Wang T, Ren X, Cheng L, Bai M, Cheng C. Tunable Structured 2D Nanobiocatalysts: Synthesis, Catalytic Properties and New Horizons in Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311584. [PMID: 38566551 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
2D materials have offered essential contributions to boosting biocatalytic efficiency in diverse biomedical applications due to the intrinsic enzyme-mimetic activity and massive specific surface area for loading metal catalytic centers. Since the difficulty of high-quality synthesis, the varied structure, and the tough choice of efficient surface loading sites with catalytic properties, the artificial building of 2D nanobiocatalysts still faces great challenges. Here, in this review, a timely and comprehensive summarization of the latest progress and future trends in the design and biotherapeutic applications of 2D nanobiocatalysts is provided, which is essential for their development. First, an overview of the synthesis-structure-fundamentals and structure-property relationships of 2D nanobiocatalysts, both metal-free and metal-based is provided. After that, the effective design of the active sites of nanobiocatalysts is discussed. Then, the progress of their applied research in recent years, including biomedical analysis, biomedical therapeutics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology is systematically highlighted. Finally, future research directions of 2D nanobiocatalysts are prospected. Overall, this review to provide cutting-edge and multidisciplinary guidance for accelerating future developments and biomedical applications of 2D nanobiocatalysts is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Cui
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Department of Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research, Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qinlong Wen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiancheng Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Oral Diseases, The Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Mingru Bai
- Department of Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research, Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Department of Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research, Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Yao D, Xia L, Li G. Research Progress on the Application of Covalent Organic Framework Nanozymes in Analytical Chemistry. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:163. [PMID: 38667156 PMCID: PMC11048148 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous crystals that have high designability and great potential in designing, encapsulating, and immobilizing nanozymes. COF nanozymes have also attracted extensive attention in analyte sensing and detection because of their abundant active sites, high enzyme-carrying capacity, and significantly improved stability. In this paper, we classify COF nanozymes into three types and review their characteristics and advantages. Then, the synthesis methods of these COF nanozymes are introduced, and their performances are compared in a list. Finally, the applications of COF nanozymes in environmental analysis, food analysis, medicine analysis, disease diagnosis, and treatment are reviewed. Furthermore, we also discuss the application prospects of COF nanozymes and the challenges they face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Yao
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (D.Y.); (L.X.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (D.Y.); (L.X.)
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (D.Y.); (L.X.)
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Gayle J, Roy S, Gupta S, Hassan S, Rao A, Demingos PG, Miller K, Guo G, Wang X, Garg A, Singh CV, Vajtai R, Robinson JT, Ajayan PM. Imine-Linked 2D Conjugated Porous Organic Polymer Films for Tunable Acid Vapor Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2726-2739. [PMID: 38170672 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) films of conjugated porous organic polymers (C-POPs) can translate the rich in-plane functionalities of conjugated frameworks into diverse optical and electronic applications while addressing the processability issues of their crystalline analogs for adaptable device architectures. However, the lack of facile single-step synthetic routes to obtain large-area high-quality films of 2D-C-POPs has limited their application possibilities so far. Here, we report the synthesis of four mechanically robust imine-linked 2D-C-POP free-standing films using a single-step fast condensation route that is scalable and tunable. The rigid covalently bonded 2D structures of the C-POP films offer high stability for volatile gas sensing in harsh environments while simultaneously enhancing site accessibility for gas molecules due to mesoporosity by structural design. Structurally, all films were composed of exfoliable layers of 2D polymeric nanosheets (NSs) that displayed anisotropy from disordered stacking, evinced by out-of-plane birefringent properties. The tunable in-plane conjugation, different nitrogen centers, and porous structures allow the films to act as ultraresponsive colorimetric sensors for acid sensing via reversible imine bond protonation. All the films could detect hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas down to 0.05 ppm, far exceeding the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's permissible exposure limit of 5 ppm with fast response time and good recyclability. Computational insights elucidated the effect of conjugation and tertiary nitrogen in the structures on the sensitivity and response time of the films. Furthermore, we exploited the exfoliated large 2D NSs and anisotropic optoelectronic properties of the films to adapt them into micro-optical and triboelectric devices to demonstrate their real-time sensing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gayle
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Shashikant Gupta
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sakib Hassan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Adwitiya Rao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Pedro Guerra Demingos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Kristen Miller
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Galio Guo
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xu Wang
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Robert Vajtai
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jacob T Robinson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Kang Q, Xu Y, Chen X. Design of Smartphone-Assisted Point-of-Care Platform for Colorimetric Sensing of Uric Acid via Visible Light-Induced Oxidase-Like Activity of Covalent Organic Framework. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3881. [PMID: 37112222 PMCID: PMC10141710 DOI: 10.3390/s23083881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of uric acid (UA) levels in biological samples is of great significance for human health, while the development of a simple and effective method for the precise determination of UA content is still challenging. In the present study, a two-dimensional (2D) imine-linked crystalline pyridine-based covalent organic framework (TpBpy COF) was synthesized using 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and [2,2'-bipyridine]-5,5'-diamine (Bpy) as precursors via Schiff-base condensation reactions and was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) assays. The as-synthesized TpBpy COF exhibited excellent visible light-induced oxidase-like activity, ascribed to the generation of superoxide radicals (O2•-) by photo-generated electron transfer. TpBpy COF could efficiently oxidase the colorless substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzydine (TMB) into blue oxidized TMB (oxTMB) under visible light irradiation. Based on the color fade of the TpBpy COF + TMB system by UA, a colorimetric procedure was developed for UA determination with a detection limit of 1.7 μmol L-1. Moreover, a smartphone-based sensing platform was also constructed for instrument-free and on-site detection of UA with a sensitive detection limit of 3.1 μmol L-1. The developed sensing system was adopted for UA determination in human urine and serum samples with satisfactory recoveries (96.6-107.8%), suggesting the potential practical application of the TpBpy COF-based sensor for UA detection in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Kang
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yulong Xu
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xuwei Chen
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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