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Patel SS, Bains A, Sharma M, Kumar A, Stephen Inbaraj B, Chawla P, Sridhar K. Recent Trends in Advanced Glycation End Products in Foods: Formation, Toxicity, and Innovative Strategies for Extraction, Detection, and Inhibition. Foods 2024; 13:4045. [PMID: 39766986 PMCID: PMC11727416 DOI: 10.3390/foods13244045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2024] [Revised: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are produced in foods during their thermal treatment through routes like the Maillard reaction. They have been linked to various health issues such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. There are multiple pathways through which AGEs can form in foods and the body. Therefore, this review work aims to explore multiple formation pathways of AGEs to gain insights into their generation mechanisms. Furthermore, this review work has analyzed the recent trends in the detection and inhibition of AGEs in food matrices. It can be highlighted, based on the surveyed literature, that UHPLC-Orbitrap-Q-Exactive-MS and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS can produce highly sensitive results with a low limit of detection levels for AGEs in food matrices. Moreover, various works on inhibitory agents like spices, herbs, fruits, vegetables, hydrocolloids, plasma-activated water, and probiotic bacteria were assessed for their capacity to suppress the formation of AGEs in food products and simulation models. Overall, it is essential to decrease the occurrence of AGEs in food products, and future scope might include studying the interaction of macromolecular components in food products to minimize the production of AGEs without sacrificing the organoleptic qualities of processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Singh Patel
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Research Centre for Life Science and Healthcare, Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute (CBI), University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Ankur Kumar
- Department of Interdisciplinary Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India
| | | | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
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Faienza MF, Farella I, Khalil M, Portincasa P. Converging Pathways between Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Diabetes in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9924. [PMID: 39337412 PMCID: PMC11432101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past thirty years, childhood obesity rates have risen significantly worldwide, affecting over 340 million children in affluent nations. This surge is intricately tied to metabolic disorders, notably insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the continually evolving spectrum of metabolic-associated (dysfunction) steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This review underscores the alarming escalation of childhood obesity and delves comprehensively into the evolving and dynamic changes of nomenclature surrounding diverse conditions of hepatic steatosis, from the initial recognition of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to the progressive evolution into MASLD. Moreover, it emphasizes the crucial role of pediatric endocrinologists in thoroughly and accurately investigating MASLD onset in children with T2DM, where each condition influences and exacerbates the progression of the other. This review critically highlights the inadequacies of current screening strategies and diagnosis, stressing the need for a paradigm shift. A proposed solution involves the integration of hepatic magnetic resonance imaging assessment into the diagnostic arsenal for children showing insufficient glycemic control and weight loss post-T2DM diagnosis, thereby complementing conventional liver enzyme testing. This holistic approach aims to significantly enhance diagnostic precision, fostering improved outcomes in this vulnerable high-risk pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Medical School, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Farella
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Medical School, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Medical School, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Medical School, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (M.K.)
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3
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Porri D, Luppino G, Morabito LA, La Rosa E, Pepe G, Corica D, Valenzise M, Messina MF, Zirilli G, Li Pomi A, Alibrandi A, Di Mauro D, Aversa T, Wasniewska MG. The Prevention of Childhood Obesity Is a Priority: The Preliminary Results of the "EpPOI: Education to Prevent Childhood Obesity" Project. Nutrients 2024; 16:2538. [PMID: 39125417 PMCID: PMC11313718 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in childhood obesity rates represents a serious public health problem. The project "EpPOI: Education to prevent childhood obesity" is aimed at a multidisciplinary approach to raise awareness of the importance of preventing childhood obesity through lifestyle education. METHODS Two actions by experts were performed: an intervention with children in schools and a meeting for both parents and school staff. Participants completed a questionnaire structured as a Likert scale. RESULTS The sample size was 96 people, and awareness of the childhood obesity problem as well as the need for obesity prevention was high among respondents. We also found great interest among participants in having more information on pediatric nutrition and physical activity, with a positive correlation with age. Furthermore, the multivariate regression model configured interest in having more information on nutrition and physical activity as an independent and statistically significant predictor of awareness of childhood obesity as a current issue. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the need to act on childhood obesity through lifestyle prevention strategies early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Porri
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.P.); (G.P.); (D.C.); (M.V.); (M.F.M.); (G.Z.); (A.L.P.); (T.A.); (M.G.W.)
- Pediatric Unit, “G. Martino” University Hospital, 98124 Messina, Italy; (L.A.M.); (E.L.R.)
| | - Giovanni Luppino
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.P.); (G.P.); (D.C.); (M.V.); (M.F.M.); (G.Z.); (A.L.P.); (T.A.); (M.G.W.)
| | - Letteria Anna Morabito
- Pediatric Unit, “G. Martino” University Hospital, 98124 Messina, Italy; (L.A.M.); (E.L.R.)
| | - Elisa La Rosa
- Pediatric Unit, “G. Martino” University Hospital, 98124 Messina, Italy; (L.A.M.); (E.L.R.)
| | - Giorgia Pepe
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.P.); (G.P.); (D.C.); (M.V.); (M.F.M.); (G.Z.); (A.L.P.); (T.A.); (M.G.W.)
- Pediatric Unit, “G. Martino” University Hospital, 98124 Messina, Italy; (L.A.M.); (E.L.R.)
| | - Domenico Corica
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.P.); (G.P.); (D.C.); (M.V.); (M.F.M.); (G.Z.); (A.L.P.); (T.A.); (M.G.W.)
- Pediatric Unit, “G. Martino” University Hospital, 98124 Messina, Italy; (L.A.M.); (E.L.R.)
| | - Mariella Valenzise
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.P.); (G.P.); (D.C.); (M.V.); (M.F.M.); (G.Z.); (A.L.P.); (T.A.); (M.G.W.)
- Pediatric Unit, “G. Martino” University Hospital, 98124 Messina, Italy; (L.A.M.); (E.L.R.)
| | - Maria Francesca Messina
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.P.); (G.P.); (D.C.); (M.V.); (M.F.M.); (G.Z.); (A.L.P.); (T.A.); (M.G.W.)
- Pediatric Unit, “G. Martino” University Hospital, 98124 Messina, Italy; (L.A.M.); (E.L.R.)
| | - Giuseppina Zirilli
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.P.); (G.P.); (D.C.); (M.V.); (M.F.M.); (G.Z.); (A.L.P.); (T.A.); (M.G.W.)
- Pediatric Unit, “G. Martino” University Hospital, 98124 Messina, Italy; (L.A.M.); (E.L.R.)
| | - Alessandra Li Pomi
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.P.); (G.P.); (D.C.); (M.V.); (M.F.M.); (G.Z.); (A.L.P.); (T.A.); (M.G.W.)
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Debora Di Mauro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Tommaso Aversa
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.P.); (G.P.); (D.C.); (M.V.); (M.F.M.); (G.Z.); (A.L.P.); (T.A.); (M.G.W.)
- Pediatric Unit, “G. Martino” University Hospital, 98124 Messina, Italy; (L.A.M.); (E.L.R.)
| | - Malgorzata Gabriela Wasniewska
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.P.); (G.P.); (D.C.); (M.V.); (M.F.M.); (G.Z.); (A.L.P.); (T.A.); (M.G.W.)
- Pediatric Unit, “G. Martino” University Hospital, 98124 Messina, Italy; (L.A.M.); (E.L.R.)
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Portincasa P, Khalil M, Mahdi L, Perniola V, Idone V, Graziani A, Baffy G, Di Ciaula A. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Pathogenesis to Current Therapeutic Options. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5640. [PMID: 38891828 PMCID: PMC11172019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological burden of liver steatosis associated with metabolic diseases is continuously growing worldwide and in all age classes. This condition generates possible progression of liver damage (i.e., inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma) but also independently increases the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases and cancer. In recent years, the terminological evolution from "nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" (NAFLD) to "metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease" (MAFLD) and, finally, "metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease" (MASLD) has been paralleled by increased knowledge of mechanisms linking local (i.e., hepatic) and systemic pathogenic pathways. As a consequence, the need for an appropriate classification of individual phenotypes has been oriented to the investigation of innovative therapeutic tools. Besides the well-known role for lifestyle change, a number of pharmacological approaches have been explored, ranging from antidiabetic drugs to agonists acting on the gut-liver axis and at a systemic level (mainly farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, PPAR agonists, thyroid hormone receptor agonists), anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory agents. The intrinsically complex pathophysiological history of MASLD makes the selection of a single effective treatment a major challenge, so far. In this evolving scenario, the cooperation between different stakeholders (including subjects at risk, health professionals, and pharmaceutical industries) could significantly improve the management of disease and the implementation of primary and secondary prevention measures. The high healthcare burden associated with MASLD makes the search for new, effective, and safe drugs a major pressing need, together with an accurate characterization of individual phenotypes. Recent and promising advances indicate that we may soon enter the era of precise and personalized therapy for MASLD/MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Laura Mahdi
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Valeria Perniola
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Valeria Idone
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
- Aboca S.p.a. Società Agricola, 52037 Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Annarita Graziani
- Institut AllergoSan Pharmazeutische Produkte Forschungs- und Vertriebs GmbH, 8055 Graz, Austria;
| | - Gyorgy Baffy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132, USA
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
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Calcaterra V, Degrassi I, Taranto S, Porro C, Bianchi A, L’assainato S, Silvestro GS, Quatrale A, Zuccotti G. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and Thyroid Function in Childhood Obesity: A Vicious Circle? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:244. [PMID: 38397356 PMCID: PMC10887660 DOI: 10.3390/children11020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a multisystem disorder characterized by the presence of fatty liver degeneration associated with excess adiposity or prediabetes/type 2 diabetes or metabolic dysregulation. An intricate relationship between the liver and thyroid has been reported in both health and disease. Simultaneously, there is a strong correlation between obesity and both MAFLD and thyroid dysfunction. In this narrative review, we highlighted the relationship between MAFLD and thyroid function in children and adolescents with obesity in order to explore how thyroid hormones (THs) act as predisposing factors in the onset, progression, and sustainability of MAFLD. THs are integral to the intricate balance of metabolic activities, ensuring energy homeostasis, and are indispensable for growth and development. Regarding liver homeostasis, THs have been suggested to interact with liver lipid homeostasis through a series of processes, including stimulating the entry of free fatty acids into the liver for esterification into triglycerides and increasing mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids to impact hepatic lipid accumulation. The literature supports a correlation between MAFLD and obesity, THs and obesity, and MAFLD and THs; however, results in the pediatric population are very limited. Even though the underlying pathogenic mechanism involved in the relationship between MAFLD and thyroid function remains not fully elucidated, the role of THs as predisposing factors of MAFLD could be postulated. A potential vicious circle among these three conditions cannot be excluded. Identifying novel elements that may contribute to MAFLD could offer a practical approach to assessing children at risk of developing the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Irene Degrassi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Silvia Taranto
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Cecilia Porro
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Alice Bianchi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Sara L’assainato
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Giustino Simone Silvestro
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Antonia Quatrale
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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6
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Maguolo A, Gabbianelli R, Maffeis C. Micronutrients in early life and offspring metabolic health programming: a promising target for preventing non-communicable diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:1105-1112. [PMID: 37604969 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Developing and implementing effective preventive strategies is the best way to ensure the overall metabolic health status of the population and to counter the global burden of non-communicable diseases. Predisposition to obesity and other non-communicable diseases is due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors throughout life, but the early environment, particularly the environment during the fetal period and the early years of life, is crucial in determining metabolic health, hence the concept of 'fetal programming'. The origins of this causal link between environmental factors and disease lie in epigenetic mechanisms. Among the environmental factors, diet plays a crucial role in this process. Substantial evidence documented the key role of macronutrients in the programming of metabolic diseases early in life. Recently, the effect of maternal micronutrient intake on offspring metabolic health in later life emerged. The purpose of this narrative review is to bring to light available evidence in the literature on the effect of maternal micronutrient status on offspring metabolic health and underlying epigenetic mechanisms that drive this link to highlight its potential role in the prevention of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Maguolo
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Street ME. Obesity, Inflammation, Growth, and Metabolism: Evolution of Understanding and Evolving Functions of Old and New Peptides. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3913. [PMID: 37373607 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12123913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a well-known low-grade chronic inflammatory disease that leads to metabolic derangements, cardiovascular complications, changes in growth, timing of puberty, bone formation, and changes in the ability to face infection [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabeth Street
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Unit of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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