1
|
Meo L, Savarese M, Munno C, Mirabelli P, Ragno P, Leone O, Alfieri M. Circulating Biomarkers for Monitoring Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Children. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2712. [PMID: 38140053 PMCID: PMC10747387 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Most commonly diagnosed cancer pathologies in the pediatric population comprise leukemias and cancers of the nervous system. The percentage of cancer survivors increased from approximatively 50% to 80% thanks to improvements in medical treatments and the introduction of new chemotherapies. However, as a consequence, heart disease has become the main cause of death in the children due to the cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapy treatments. The use of different cardiovascular biomarkers, complementing data obtained from electrocardiogram, echocardiography cardiac imaging, and evaluation of clinical symptoms, is considered a routine in clinical diagnosis, prognosis, risk stratification, and differential diagnosis. Cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptides are the best-validated biomarkers broadly accepted in clinical practice for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome and heart failure, although many other biomarkers are used and several potential markers are currently under study and possibly will play a more prominent role in the future. Several studies have shown how the measurement of cardiac troponin (cTn) can be used for the early detection of heart damage in oncological patients treated with potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs. The advent of high sensitive methods (hs-cTnI or hs-cTnT) further improved the effectiveness of risk stratification and monitoring during treatment cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Meo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (L.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Maria Savarese
- Clinical Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, 80123 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (O.L.)
| | - Carmen Munno
- Clinical Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, 80123 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (O.L.)
| | - Peppino Mirabelli
- Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, 80123 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pia Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (L.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Ornella Leone
- Clinical Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, 80123 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (O.L.)
| | - Mariaevelina Alfieri
- Clinical Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, 80123 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (O.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Campbell LR, Silverstein A, Peckham-Gregory E, Kamiyango W, Villiera J, McAtee CL, Bacha JM, Kovarik CL, Mehta PS, Chanroo T, Kapesa A, Malingoti B, Mzikamanda R, Ozuah NW, Allen CE, Scheurer ME, El-Mallawany NK. Divergent clinical presentations and outcomes among children and adolescents with Kaposi sarcoma in Malawi and Tanzania. HIV Med 2023; 24:664-675. [PMID: 36627111 PMCID: PMC10257738 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Kaposi sarcoma (KS) T0 versus T1 staging classification does not address the unique clinical features of paediatric KS in human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) endemic regions of Africa. This study seeks to define patterns of childhood KS using a paediatric-specific approach. METHODS The Lilongwe paediatric KS staging classification categorizes disease based on clinical phenotype: stage 1 = mild/moderate KS limited to cutaneous/oral involvement, stage 2 = primarily lymphadenopathic disease, stage 3 = woody edema KS, stage 4 = visceral and/or severe/disseminated mucocutaneous disease. Characteristics and outcomes were evaluated from paediatric referral centres in Lilongwe, Malawi, and Mbeya, Tanzania. RESULTS Among 171 patients, the median age was 9.3 years, 37% (n = 63) were female, and 87% (n = 149) had HIV. Breakdown by stage was as follows: 18% (n = 31) stage 1, 33% (n = 56) stage 2, 19% (n = 33) stage 3, and 30% (n = 51) stage 4. Age (younger stage 2 and older stage 3), severe CD4 count suppression (lower CD4 for stages 1 and 4), and presence of severe anaemia and thrombocytopenia (worse for stages 2 and 4) differed across stages. Estimated 2-year event-free survival/progression-free survival/overall survival by stage was as follows: stage 1, 81%/81%/87%; stage 2, 50%/50%/63%; stage 3, 24%/49%/81%; and stage 4, 29%/34%/54%. Sub-analysis of stage 2 lymphadenopathic KS demonstrated superior long-term 6-year event-free survival of 70% (95% confidence interval [CI] 49-83) for younger children (aged <7 years) versus 27% (95% CI 8-51) for older children. CONCLUSIONS This paediatric-specific staging classification categorizes patients with distinct characteristics and patterns of treatment response. This platform may guide clinicians to provide risk-stratified treatment with the hope of improving survival among children with KS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liane R. Campbell
- Baylor College of Medicine International Pediatric AIDS Initiative at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation - Tanzania, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Allison Silverstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers Global HOPE (Hematology-Oncology Pediatric Excellence) Program, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Erin Peckham-Gregory
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William Kamiyango
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers Global HOPE (Hematology-Oncology Pediatric Excellence) Program, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Jimmy Villiera
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers Global HOPE (Hematology-Oncology Pediatric Excellence) Program, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Casey L. McAtee
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers Global HOPE (Hematology-Oncology Pediatric Excellence) Program, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Global HOPE, Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason M. Bacha
- Baylor College of Medicine International Pediatric AIDS Initiative at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation - Tanzania, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | | | - Parth S. Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Global HOPE, Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Toni Chanroo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers Global HOPE (Hematology-Oncology Pediatric Excellence) Program, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Asulwisye Kapesa
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation - Tanzania, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Beatrice Malingoti
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation - Tanzania, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Rizine Mzikamanda
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers Global HOPE (Hematology-Oncology Pediatric Excellence) Program, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Nmazuo W. Ozuah
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers Global HOPE (Hematology-Oncology Pediatric Excellence) Program, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Global HOPE, Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carl E. Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Global HOPE, Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael E. Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nader Kim El-Mallawany
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Global HOPE, Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Campbell LR, El-Mallawany NK, Slone JS, Malingoti BM, Mehta PS, Scheurer ME, Bacha JM, Peckham-Gregory EC. Clinical characteristics and successful treatment outcomes of children and adolescents with Kaposi sarcoma in Southwestern Tanzania. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 39:28-47. [PMID: 34243680 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2021.1936315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The HIV/AIDS epidemic has driven the rise in cases of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) among children and adolescents living with HIV in countries with high Human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) seroprevalence, such as Tanzania, where specialized oncology programs are sparse. Consequently, descriptions of successful treatment of KS in children and adolescents by general pediatricians are important. A retrospective analysis was performed of children and adolescents diagnosed with KS and treated with chemotherapy and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) at the Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation Tanzania Center of Excellence - Mbeya between 2011 and 2017. Sixty-one patients were diagnosed with KS with a median age of 12.6 years (interquartile range (IQR) 9.4 - 15.5). Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in 36% (22/61). Among HIV positive patients (59/61), 78% (46/59) were on cART at KS diagnosis. Severe immunosuppression was present in 63% (35/56) of those with CD4 data and 44% (27/61) had SAM. Advanced-stage T1 disease was present in 64% (39/61), including 28% (17/61) with visceral/disseminated KS. Two-year estimated overall survival (OS) was 72% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 58%-82%) and median follow up for survivors was 25.7 months (IQR 14.2-53.8). No patients were lost to follow up. Two-year OS was 63% (95% CI: 44%-77%) in patients with severe immune suppression and 60% (95% CI: 37%-76%) in patients with SAM. Among patients with visceral/disseminated KS, 53% (9/17) survived. This retrospective analysis demonstrated favorable outcomes in a complex cohort of children and adolescents with KS treated with chemotherapy by general pediatricians in Tanzania.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L R Campbell
- Baylor College of Medicine International Pediatric AIDS Initiative at, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - N K El-Mallawany
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Global HOPE, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J S Slone
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Global HOPE, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - B M Malingoti
- Global HOPE, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - P S Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Global HOPE, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - M E Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Global HOPE, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J M Bacha
- Baylor College of Medicine International Pediatric AIDS Initiative at, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Global HOPE, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - E C Peckham-Gregory
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Global HOPE, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|