Oral Facial Manifestations of Sanjad-Sakati Syndrome: A Literature Review

Sanjad-Sakati Syndrome in a 35-day-old Iraqi Infant: A Case Report

Sanjad-Sakati syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder that presents solely in Arabian people. Our case was reported from the Fallujah Teaching Hospital for Women and Children in Fallujah, Iraq. This syndrome is associated with hypoparathyroidism, growth retardation, atypical facial appearance, and a variable degree of mental retardation. It is usually caused by genetic mutations of the tubulin-folding cofactor E (TBCE; 604934), which is located on the 1q42.3 chromosome. This case was confirmed by a genetic study which revealed a pathogenic variant in the homozygous state in the TBCE gene. Typically, the physical features of this case involve microcephaly, long and narrow face, beaked nose, deep-set eyes, large ears, thin lips, long philtrum, micrognathia, and small hands and feet. Although Sanjad-Sakati syndrome is an incurable disease, early diagnosis helps with appropriate palliative treatment of the patient, reducing other associated metabolic and electrolyte disturbances, and allows for a genetic study and counseling of the family, especially in our society due to the high rate of consanguinity.

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Hypoparathyroidism-retardation-dysmorphism syndrome-Clinical insights from a large longitudinal cohort in a single medical center

BACKGROUND

Hypoparathyroidism, retardation, and dysmorphism (HRD) Syndrome is a rare disease composed of hypoparathyroidism, retardation of both growth and development, and distinctive dysmorphic features. Here, we describe the long-term morbidity and mortality in a large cohort of HRD patients and suggest recommendations for follow up and treatment.

METHODS

Medical records of 63 HRD syndrome patients who were followed at Soroka Medical Center during 1989-2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Information regarding demographics, medical complications, laboratory findings, and imaging studies was collected.

RESULTS

The mortality rate was 52%. The main causes of death were infectious diseases including pneumonia, septic shock, and meningitis. Multiple comorbidities were found including brain anomalies in 90% of examined patients (basal ganglia calcifications, tightening of corpus callosum, Chiari malformation, hydrocephalous, and brain atrophy), seizures in 62%, nephrocalcinosis and/or nephrolithiasis in 47%, multiple eye anomalies were recorded in 40%, bowel obstructions in 9.5%, and variable expression of both conductive and senso-neural hearing loss was documented in 9.5%.

CONCLUSION

HRD is a severe multisystem disease. Active surveillance is indicated to prevent and treat complications associated with this rare syndrome.