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Leszczyńska D, Hallmann A, Treder N, Bączek T, Roszkowska A. Recent advances in the use of SPME for drug analysis in clinical, toxicological, and forensic medicine studies. Talanta 2024; 270:125613. [PMID: 38159351 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has gained attention as a simple, fast, and non-exhaustive extraction technique, as its unique features enable its use for the extraction of many classes of drugs from biological matrices. This sample-preparation approach consolidates sampling and sample preparation into a single step, in addition to providing analyte preconcentration and sample clean-up. These features have helped SPME become an integral part of several analytical protocols for monitoring drug concentrations in human matrices in clinical, toxicological, and forensic medicine studies. Over the years, researchers have continued to develop the SPME technique, resulting in the introduction of novel sorbents and geometries, which have resulted in improved extraction efficiencies. This review summarizes developments and applications of SPME published between 2016 and 2022, specifically in relation to the analysis of central nervous system drugs, drugs used to treat cardiovascular disorders and bacterial infections, and drugs used in immunosuppressive and anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Leszczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Anna Hallmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Natalia Treder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-416, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-416, Poland
| | - Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-416, Poland.
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2
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Sartore DM, Vargas Medina DA, Bocelli MD, Jordan-Sinisterra M, Santos-Neto ÁJ, Lanças FM. Modern automated microextraction procedures for bioanalytical, environmental, and food analyses. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300215. [PMID: 37232209 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sample preparation frequently is considered the most critical stage of the analytical workflow. It affects the analytical throughput and costs; moreover, it is the primary source of error and possible sample contamination. To increase efficiency, productivity, and reliability, while minimizing costs and environmental impacts, miniaturization and automation of sample preparation are necessary. Nowadays, several types of liquid-phase and solid-phase microextractions are available, as well as different automatization strategies. Thus, this review summarizes recent developments in automated microextractions coupled with liquid chromatography, from 2016 to 2022. Therefore, outstanding technologies and their main outcomes, as well as miniaturization and automation of sample preparation, are critically analyzed. Focus is given to main microextraction automation strategies, such as flow techniques, robotic systems, and column-switching approaches, reviewing their applications to the determination of small organic molecules in biological, environmental, and food/beverage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Sartore
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Deyber A Vargas Medina
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcio D Bocelli
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcela Jordan-Sinisterra
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Álvaro J Santos-Neto
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Lanças
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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3
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Urinary bio-monitoring of amphetamine derivatives by needle trap device packed with the zirconium-based metal-organic framework. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13702. [PMID: 35953701 PMCID: PMC9372183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, zirconium-based metal–organic framework was utilized as a novel and efficient porous adsorbent for headspace extraction of Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, and Fenfluramine from the urine samples by a needle trap device (NTD). The Zr-UiO-66-PDC was electrosynthesized at the green conditions and characterized by various analyses such as FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, and elemental mapping techniques. Then, the effective parameters on the NTD efficiency such as salt content, pH, extraction/desorption temperature and time were evaluated and optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal extraction of amphetamine compounds was accomplished in 50 min at 70 ºC at the situation with NaCl content of 27% and pH: 11.90. The limit of detection, and limit of quantification factors were determined to be 0.06–0.09 and 0.5–0.8 ng mL−1, respectively. Furthermore, the precision and accuracy (intra- and inter-day) of the employed procedure in the term of relative standard deviation (RSD) were calculated in the range of 8.0–9.0% and 6.8–9.8%, respectively. Also, the recovery percent of the extracted analytes were concluded in the range of 95.0–97.0% after 10 days from the sampling and storage at 4 °C. Finally, the proposed procedure was involved in the analysis of amphetamine compounds in the real urine samples. These results were proved the proposed Zr-UiO-66-PDC@HS-NTD technique coupled with GC-FID can be used as an eco-friendly, fast-response, sensitive, and efficient drug test procedure for trace analysis of the amphetamine compounds in urine samples.
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4
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Preparation of porous carbon nanomaterials and their application in sample preparation: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fanali C, D'Orazio G, Gentili A, Fanali S. Potentiality of miniaturized techniques for the analysis of drugs of abuse. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:190-200. [PMID: 34148240 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electromigration (CE) and liquid chromatographic techniques (CLC/nano-LC) are miniaturized techniques offering distinct advantages over conventional ones in the field of separation science. Among these, high efficiency, high chromatographic resolution, and use of minute volumes of both mobile phase and sample volumes are the most important. CE and CLC/nano-LC have been applied to the analysis of many compounds including peptides, proteins, drugs, enantiomers, ions, etc. Over the years, the methods described here have also been used for the analysis of compounds of clinical, forensic, and toxicological interest. In this review article, the main features of the mentioned techniques are summarized. Their potentiality for the analysis of drugs of abuse are discussed. Some selected applications in this field in the period of 2015-present are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fanali
- Faculty of Science, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Orazio
- Institute for the Biological Systems, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Fanali
- Teaching Committee of Ph.D. School in Natural Science and Engineering, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Ahmad SM, Gonçalves OC, Oliveira MN, Neng NR, Nogueira JMF. Application of Microextraction-Based Techniques for Screening-Controlled Drugs in Forensic Context-A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:2168. [PMID: 33918766 PMCID: PMC8070059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of controlled drugs in forensic matrices, i.e., urine, blood, plasma, saliva, and hair, is one of the current hot topics in the clinical and toxicological context. The use of microextraction-based approaches has gained considerable notoriety, mainly due to the great simplicity, cost-benefit, and environmental sustainability. For this reason, the application of these innovative techniques has become more relevant than ever in programs for monitoring priority substances such as the main illicit drugs, e.g., opioids, stimulants, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, dissociative drugs, and related compounds. The present contribution aims to make a comprehensive review on the state-of-the art advantages and future trends on the application of microextraction-based techniques for screening-controlled drugs in the forensic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir M. Ahmad
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (O.C.G.); (M.N.O.)
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, CiiEM, Campus Universitário—Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Forensic and Psychological Sciences Laboratory Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário—Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Oriana C. Gonçalves
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (O.C.G.); (M.N.O.)
| | - Mariana N. Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (O.C.G.); (M.N.O.)
| | - Nuno R. Neng
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (O.C.G.); (M.N.O.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M. F. Nogueira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (O.C.G.); (M.N.O.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Grecco CF, Souza ID, Queiroz MEC. Novel materials as capillary coatings for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction for bioanalysis. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1662-1693. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Fernandes Grecco
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Química Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Israel Donizeti Souza
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Química Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Costa Queiroz
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Química Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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Chen X, Wu X, Luan T, Jiang R, Ouyang G. Sample preparation and instrumental methods for illicit drugs in environmental and biological samples: A review. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1640:461961. [PMID: 33582515 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Detection of illicit drugs in the environmental samples has been challenged as the consumption increases globally. Current review examines the recent developments and applications of sample preparation techniques for illicit drugs in solid, liquid, and gas samples. For solid samples, traditional sample preparation methods such as liquid-phase extraction, solid-phase extraction, and the ones with external energy including microwave-assisted, ultrasonic-assisted, and pressurized liquid extraction were commonly used. The sample preparation methods mainly applied for liquid samples were microextraction techniques including solid-phase microextraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, dispersive solid-phase extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction, and so on. Capillary microextraction of volatiles and airborne particulate sampling were primarily utilized to extract illicit drugs from gas samples. Besides, the paper introduced recently developed instrumental techniques applied to detect illicit drugs. Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry and gas chromatograph mass spectrometry were the most widely used methods for illicit drugs samples. In addition, the development of ambient mass spectrometry techniques, such as desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and paper spray mass spectrometry, created potential for rapid in-situ analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlv Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and safety, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruifen Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, China; Chemistry College, Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Kataoka H. In-tube solid-phase microextraction: Current trends and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461787. [PMID: 33359971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) was developed about 24 years ago as an effective sample preparation technique using an open tubular capillary column as an extraction device. IT-SPME is useful for micro-concentration, automated sample cleanup, and rapid online analysis, and can be used to determine the analytes in complex matrices simple sample processing methods such as direct sample injection or filtration. IT-SPME is usually performed in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography using an online column switching technology, in which the entire process from sample preparation to separation to data analysis is automated using the autosampler. Furthermore, IT-SPME minimizes the use of harmful organic solvents and is simple and labor-saving, making it a sustainable and environmentally friendly green analytical technique. Various operating systems and new sorbent materials have been developed to improve its extraction efficiency by, for example, enhancing its sorption capacity and selectivity. In addition, IT-SPME methods have been widely applied in environmental analysis, food analysis and bioanalysis. This review describes the present state of IT-SPME technology and summarizes its current trends and future perspectives, including method development and strategies to improve extraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kataoka
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.
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Separation of Benzene/Cyclohexane Mixtures by Pervaporation Using Poly (Ethylene-Co-Vinylalcohol) and Carbon Nanotube-Filled Poly (Vinyl Alcohol-Co-Ethylene) Membranes. SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/separations7040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol) (E-VOH) and carbon nanotube-filled poly (vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (E-VOH/CNT) were used as membranes to separate benzene/cyclohexane mixtures by pervaporation technique. To reach this goal, E-VOH and E-VOH/CNT membranes were prepared by solvent casting method and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The swelling tests were used to study the mass transfer of the benzene/cyclohexane mixture and their pure components. The separation by pervaporation process was carried out at 25 °C in which the effect of CNTs incorporated into E-VOH matrix and the initial concentration of benzene in the feed on the permeate flux, j, and separation factor, β, performance was investigated. The results obtained were very promising, in which the integration of CNTs through E-VOH chains increased the absorption area and raised the flux to 740 g/m2∙h. The separation factor increased to 9.03 and the pervaporation separation reached an index of 5942.2 g/m2∙h for the azeotropic mixture during 3 h of the separation process. In contrast, for the unfilled E-VOH membrane, it was found that these parameters were a rise of 280 g∙m−2∙h−1, separation factor of 12.90 and pervaporation separation index of 3332.0 g/m2∙h, under the same conditions. Likewise, the calculation of the performance of the E-VOH/CNT membrane with regard to that of the unfilled membrane indicated 2.64 for the total flux and 0.70 for the separation factor. It was also revealed that the best compromise of the filled membrane in terms of total cumulative flux and separation factor is obtained for the feed containing the azeotropic mixture.
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Innovations in Extractive Phases for In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Miniaturized Liquid Chromatography: A Critical Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102460. [PMID: 32466305 PMCID: PMC7287690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, a great effort has been devoted to the development of new sorbents that can be used to pack or to coat extractive capillaries for in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME). Many of those efforts have been focused on the preparation of capillaries for miniaturized liquid chromatography (LC) due to the reduced availability of capillary columns with appropriate dimensions for this kind of system. Moreover, many of the extractive capillaries that have been used for IT-SPME so far are segments of open columns from the gas chromatography (GC) field, but the phase nature and dimensions are very limited. In particular, polar compounds barely interact with stationary GC phases. Capillary GC columns may also be unsuitable when highly selective extractions are needed. In this work, we provide an overview of the extractive capillaries that have been specifically developed for capillary LC (capLC) and nano LC (nanoLC) to enhance the overall performance of the IT-SPME, the chromatographic separation, and the detection. Different monolithic polymers, such as silica C18 and C8 polymers, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), polymers functionalized with antibodies, and polymers reinforced with different types of carbon nanotubes, metal, and metal oxide nanoparticles (including magnetic nanoparticles), and restricted access materials (RAMs) will be presented and critically discussed.
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Manousi N, Tzanavaras PD, Zacharis CK. Bioanalytical HPLC Applications of In-Tube Solid Phase Microextraction: A Two-Decade Overview. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092096. [PMID: 32365828 PMCID: PMC7248733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In-tube solid phase microextraction is a cutting-edge sample treatment technique offering significant advantages in terms of miniaturization, green character, automation, and preconcentration prior to analysis. During the past years, there has been a considerable increase in the reported publications, as well as in the research groups focusing their activities on this technique. In the present review article, HPLC bioanalytical applications of in-tube SPME are discussed, covering a wide time frame of twenty years of research reports. Instrumental aspects towards the coupling of in-tube SPME and HPLC are also discussed, and detailed information on materials/coatings and applications in biological samples are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Paraskevas D. Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Constantinos K. Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-231-099-7663
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Exploring New Extractive Phases for In-Tube Solid Phase Microextraction Coupled to Miniaturized Liquid Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/separations6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) coupled on-line to miniaturized liquid chromatography (LC) has emerged as a powerful tool to address a variety of analytical problems. However, in order to expand its applicability, the development of new sorbents that enhance the efficiency and specificity of the extraction is highly desirable. In this respect, the employment of capillary columns coated with sorbents functionalized with nanoparticles (NPs) replacing the loop of the injection valve (in-valve IT-SPME) is one of the most attractive options. In this work, polymers of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and trimethoxyethylsilane (MTEOS) modified with SiO2 and TiO2 NPs have been synthetized and used for the extraction of a variety of water pollutants, using both Capillary-LC and Nano-LC. Compounds with different chemical structures and polarities such as the artificial sweetener saccharine, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) naphthalene and fluoranthene, and some phenylurea and organophosphorous herbicides have been used as target analytes. The extraction efficiencies found with the synthetized capillaries have been compared to those obtained with commercially available capillaries coated with polydiphenyl-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), nitroterephthalic acid modified polyetilenglicol (FFAP), and polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) phases. The results obtained in this preliminary study showed that, although PS-DVB phase has the strongest affinity for compounds with two or more aromatic rings, the extraction with TEOS-MTEOS coatings modified with NPs is the best option for a majority of the tested compounds. Examples of application are given.
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He Y, Concheiro-Guisan M. Microextraction sample preparation techniques in forensic analytical toxicology. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4444. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice; The City University of New York; New York NY USA
| | - Marta Concheiro-Guisan
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice; The City University of New York; New York NY USA
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15
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Improving the On-Line Extraction of Polar Compounds by IT-SPME with Silica Nanoparticles Modified Phases. SEPARATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/separations5010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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Abstract
Although analytical scientists equivocally agree that “no sample preparation” would be the best approach, the fact is that all samples that are handled in any analytical laboratory need to undergo treatment to some extent prior to their introduction to the analytical instrument [...]
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In tube-solid phase microextraction-nano liquid chromatography: Application to the determination of intact and degraded polar triazines in waters and recovered struvite. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1513:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Serra-Mora P, Moliner-Martínez Y, Molins-Legua C, Herráez-Hernández R, Verdú-Andrés J, Campíns-Falcó P. Trends in Online Intube Solid Phase Microextraction. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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