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Fang T, Liu MN, Liu MQ, Tian XY, Zhang XJ, Liu F, Hao W, Wu N, Li H, Li J. A preliminary study on the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms and methylation of dopamine system-related genes with psychotic symptoms in patients with methamphetamine use disorder. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1428-1440. [PMID: 38151046 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD) can substantially jeopardize public security due to its high-risk social psychology and behaviour. Given that the dopamine reward system is intimately correlated with MAUD, we investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well as methylation status of dopamine receptor type 4 (DRD4), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes, and paranoid and motor-impulsive symptoms in MAUD patients. A total of 189 MAUD patients participated in our study. Peripheral blood samples were used to detect 3 SNPs and 35 CpG units of methylation in the DRD4 gene promoter region and 5 SNPs and 39 CpG units in the COMT gene. MAUD patients with the DRD4 rs1800955 C allele have a lower percentage of paranoid symptoms than those with the rs1800955 TT allele. Individuals with paranoid symptoms exhibited a reduced methylation degree at a particular DRD4 CpG2.3 unit. The interaction of the DRD4 rs1800955 C allele and the reduced DRD4CpG2.3 methylation degree were associated with a lower occurrence of paranoid symptoms. Meanwhile, those with the COMT rs4818 CC allele had lower motor-impulsivity scores in MAUD patients but greater COMT methylation levels in the promoter region and methylation degree at the COMT CpG 51.52 unit. Therefore, based only on the COMT rs4818 CC polymorphism, there was a negative correlation between COMT methylation and motor-impulsive scores. Our preliminary results provide a clue that the combination of SNP genotype and methylation status of the DRD4 and COMT genes serve as biological indicators for the prevalence of relatively high-risk psychotic symptoms in MAUD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Nan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Qi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Compulsory Detoxification Center of Changsha Public Security Bureau, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Hao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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Huang H, Hsieh Y, Hsiao C, Lin C, Wang S, Ho K, Chang L, Huang H, Yang S, Chien M. MAOB expression correlates with a favourable prognosis in prostate cancer, and its genetic variants are associated with the metastasis of the disease. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18229. [PMID: 38520217 PMCID: PMC10960177 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), a neurotransmitter-degrading enzyme, was reported to reveal conflicting roles in various cancers. However, the functional role of MAOB and impacts of its genetic variants on prostate cancer (PCa) is unknown. Herein, we genotyped four loci of MAOB single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs1799836 (A/G), rs3027452 (G/A), rs6651806 (A/C) and rs6324 (G/A) in 702 PCa Taiwanese patients. We discovered that PCa patients carrying the MAOB rs6324 A-allele exhibited an increased risk of having a high initial prostate-specific antigen (iPSA) level (>10 ng/mL). Additionally, patients with the rs3027452 A-allele had a higher risk of developing distal metastasis, particularly in the subpopulation with high iPSA levels. In a subpopulation without postoperative biochemical recurrence, patients carrying the rs1799836 G-allele had a higher risk of developing lymph node metastasis and recurrence compared to those carrying the A-allele. Furthermore, genotype screening in PCa cell lines revealed that cells carrying the rs1799836 G-allele expressed lower MAOB levels than those carrying the A-allele. Functionally, overexpression and knockdown of MAOB in PCa cells respectively suppressed and enhanced cell motility and proliferation. In clinical observations, correlations of lower MAOB expression levels with higher Gleason scores, advanced clinical T stages, tumour metastasis, and poorer prognosis in PCa patients were noted. Our findings suggest that MAOB may act as a suppressor of PCa progression, and the rs3027452 and rs1799836 genetic variants of MAOB are linked to PCa metastasis within the Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang‐Ching Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Hao Hsiao
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU‐RCUK)Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Yen Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shian‐Shiang Wang
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chi Nan UniversityNantouTaiwan
| | - Kuo‐Hao Ho
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Lun‐Ching Chang
- Department of Mathematical SciencesFlorida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFloridaUSA
| | - Huei‐Mei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shun‐Fa Yang
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Pulmonary Research CenterWan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research CenterTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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3
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Greš A, Šagud M, Dickov A. The effect of vortioxetine on anhedonia in patients with schizophrenia. Int J Psychiatry Med 2024; 59:139-152. [PMID: 37647498 DOI: 10.1177/00912174231199925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anhedonia is a common symptom of depression, but is also a negative symptom of schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vortioxetine on anhedonia in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS A total of 120 patients with schizophrenia in remission who met inclusion criteria were randomized 1:1 by the envelope method into intervention and control groups. All participants in both groups were divided into three subgroups based on the antipsychotic therapy they were receiving (olanzapine, risperidone, or aripiprazole). Vortioxetine was administered to those in the intervention group at a fixed dose of 10 mg per day. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), and Chapman Scale for Social and Physical Anhedonia (CSPA) were administered. The study lasted 12 weeks. Participants were assessed twice: At baseline and at the end of the study. Six participants dropped out, with 114 completing the trial. FINDINGS Vortioxetine treatment had a significant effect on level of physical anhedonia. The treatment interaction was also statistically significant, but with a relatively small effect (F = 3.17, P < .05; η2 = .061). Vortioxetine treatment had a particularly strong effect on the level of social anhedonia. The interaction between the treatment and the type of antipsychotics was also statistically significant with a small effect (F = 5.04, P < 0. 01; η2 = .091). CONCLUSION The combination of olanzapine and vortioxetine was found to be the best option to reduce symptoms of social and physical anhedonia in these patients with remitted schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen Greš
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Šagud
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Dickov
- Department of Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Soltani A, Chugaeva UY, Ramadan MF, Saleh EAM, Al-Hasnawi SS, Romero-Parra RM, Alsaalamy A, Mustafa YF, Zamanian MY, Golmohammadi M. A narrative review of the effects of dexamethasone on traumatic brain injury in clinical and animal studies: focusing on inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2955-2971. [PMID: 37843641 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a type of brain injury resulting from a sudden physical force to the head. TBI can range from mild, such as a concussion, to severe, which might result in long-term complications or even death. The initial impact or primary injury to the brain is followed by neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress, which are the hallmarks of the secondary injury phase, that can further damage the brain tissue. Dexamethasone (DXM) has neuroprotective effects. It reduces neuroinflammation, a critical factor in secondary injury-associated neuronal damage. DXM can also suppress the microglia activation and infiltrated macrophages, which are responsible for producing pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to neuroinflammation. Considering the outcomes of this research, some of the effects of DXM on TBI include: (1) DXM-loaded hydrogels reduce apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and lesion volume and improves neuronal cell survival and motor performance, (2) DXM treatment elevates the levels of Ndufs2, Gria3, MAOB, and Ndufv2 in the hippocampus following TBI, (3) DXM decreases the quantity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells, (4) DXM reduces the expression of IL1, (5) DXM suppresses the infiltration of RhoA + cells into primary lesions of TBI and (6) DXM treatment led to an increase in fractional anisotropy values and a decrease in apparent diffusion coefficient values, indicating improved white matter integrity. According to the study, the findings show that DXM treatment has neuroprotective effects in TBI. This indicates that DXM is a promising therapeutic approach to treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Soltani
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Uliana Y Chugaeva
- Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Arts and Science, 11991, Wadi Al-Dawasir, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ali Alsaalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna, 66002, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6718773654, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6718773654, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6718773654, Iran.
| | - Maryam Golmohammadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Toledo-Lozano CG, López-Hernández LB, Suárez-Cuenca JA, Villalobos-Gallegos L, Jiménez-Hernández DA, Alcaraz-Estrada SL, Mondragón-Terán P, Joya-Laureano L, Coral-Vázquez RM, García S. Individual and Combined Effect of MAO-A/ MAO-B Gene Variants and Adverse Childhood Experiences on the Severity of Major Depressive Disorder. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:795. [PMID: 37887445 PMCID: PMC10603972 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder with a high prevalence worldwide that causes disability and, in some cases, suicide. Although environmental factors play a crucial role in this disease, other biological factors may predispose individuals to MDD. Genetic and environmental factors influence mental disorders; therefore, a potential combined effect of MAO-A/MAO-B gene variants may be a target for the study of susceptibility to MDD. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of MAO-A and -B gene variants when combined with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on the susceptibility and severity of symptoms in MDD. METHODS A case-control study was performed, including 345 individuals, 175 MDD cases and 170 controls. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR with hydrolysis probes. The analysis of the rs1465107 and rs1799836 gene variants of MAO-A and -B, respectively, was performed either alone or in combination with ACEs on the severity of depression, as determined through specific questionnaires, including DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for MDD. RESULTS According to individual effects, the presence of ACEs, as well as the allele G of the rs1465107 of MAO-A, is associated with a higher severity of depression, more significantly in females. Furthermore, the allele rs1799836 G of MAO-B was associated with the severity of depression, even after being adjusted by gene variants and ACEs (IRR = 1.67, p = 0.01). In males, the allele rs1799836 G of MAO-B was shown to interact with SNP with ACEs (IRR = 1.70, p < 0.001). According to combined effect analyses, the severity of depression was associated with ACEs when combined with either allele rs1465107 of MAO-A or allele rs17993836 of MAO-B, whereas SNP risk association was influenced by gender. CONCLUSIONS The severity of depression is related to either individual or combined effects of temperamental traits and genetic susceptibility of specific genes such as MAO-A and MAO-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gabriel Toledo-Lozano
- Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Mexico City 03229, Mexico; (C.G.T.-L.); (J.A.S.-C.); (D.A.J.-H.)
| | | | - Juan Antonio Suárez-Cuenca
- Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Mexico City 03229, Mexico; (C.G.T.-L.); (J.A.S.-C.); (D.A.J.-H.)
| | - Luis Villalobos-Gallegos
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico;
| | - Dulce Adeí Jiménez-Hernández
- Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Mexico City 03229, Mexico; (C.G.T.-L.); (J.A.S.-C.); (D.A.J.-H.)
| | | | - Paul Mondragón-Terán
- Coordination of Research, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Mexico City 03229, Mexico;
| | - Lilia Joya-Laureano
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Mexico City 03229, Mexico;
| | - Ramón Mauricio Coral-Vázquez
- Department of Teaching and Research, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Mexico City 03229, Mexico;
- Postgraduate Section, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Silvia García
- Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Mexico City 03229, Mexico; (C.G.T.-L.); (J.A.S.-C.); (D.A.J.-H.)
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Sagud M, Tudor L, Nedic Erjavec G, Nikolac Perkovic M, Uzun S, Mimica N, Madzarac Z, Zivkovic M, Kozumplik O, Konjevod M, Svob Strac D, Pivac N. Genotypic and Haplotypic Association of Catechol- O-Methyltransferase rs4680 and rs4818 Gene Polymorphisms with Particular Clinical Symptoms in Schizophrenia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1358. [PMID: 37510262 PMCID: PMC10379812 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene variants are involved in different neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive impairments, associated with altered dopamine function. This study investigated the genotypic and haplotypic association of COMT rs4680 and rs4618 polymorphisms with the severity of cognitive and other clinical symptoms in 544 male and 385 female subjects with schizophrenia. COMT rs4818 G carriers were more frequent in male patients with mild abstract thinking difficulties, compared to CC homozygotes or C allele carriers. Male carriers of COMT rs4680 A allele had worse abstract thinking (N5) scores than GG carriers, whereas AA homozygotes were more frequent in male subjects with lower scores on the intensity of the somatic concern (G1) item, compared to G carriers. Male carriers of COMT rs4818-rs4680 GA haplotype had the highest scores on the G1 item (somatic concern), whereas GG haplotype carriers had the lowest scores on G2 (anxiety) and G6 (depression) items. COMT GG haplotype was less frequent in female patients with severe disturbance of volition (G13 item) compared to the group with mild symptoms, while CG haplotype was more frequent in female patients with severe then mild symptoms. These findings suggest the sex-specific genotypic and haplotypic association of COMT variants with a severity of cognitive and other clinical symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sagud
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (Z.M.); (M.Z.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.U.); (N.M.)
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.T.); (G.N.E.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.T.); (G.N.E.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.T.); (G.N.E.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Suzana Uzun
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.U.); (N.M.)
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ninoslav Mimica
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.U.); (N.M.)
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Zoran Madzarac
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (Z.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Maja Zivkovic
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (Z.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Oliver Kozumplik
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.T.); (G.N.E.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.T.); (G.N.E.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.T.); (G.N.E.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.)
- University of Applied Sciences Hrvatsko Zagorje Krapina, 49000 Krapina, Croatia
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Wawrzczak-Bargieła A, Bilecki W, Maćkowiak M. Epigenetic Targets in Schizophrenia Development and Therapy. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030426. [PMID: 36979236 PMCID: PMC10046502 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is regarded as a neurodevelopmental disorder with its course progressing throughout life. However, the aetiology and development of schizophrenia are still under investigation. Several data suggest that the dysfunction of epigenetic mechanisms is known to be involved in the pathomechanism of this mental disorder. The present article revised the epigenetic background of schizophrenia based on the data available in online databases (PubMed, Scopus). This paper focused on the role of epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and interference of non-coding RNAs, in schizophrenia development. The article also reviewed the available data related to epigenetic regulation that may modify the severity of the disease as a possible target for schizophrenia pharmacotherapy. Moreover, the effects of antipsychotics on epigenetic malfunction in schizophrenia are discussed based on preclinical and clinical results. The obtainable data suggest alterations of epigenetic regulation in schizophrenia. Moreover, they also showed the important role of epigenetic modifications in antipsychotic action. There is a need for more data to establish the role of epigenetic mechanisms in schizophrenia therapy. It would be of special interest to find and develop new targets for schizophrenia therapy because patients with schizophrenia could show little or no response to current pharmacotherapy and have treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
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8
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Šagud M, Madžarac Z, Nedic Erjavec G, Šimunović Filipčić I, Mikulić FL, Rogić D, Bradaš Z, Bajs Janović M, Pivac N. The Associations of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte, Platelet-Lymphocyte, Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratios and Immune-Inflammation Index with Negative Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020297. [PMID: 36830666 PMCID: PMC9952992 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII index) are increasingly used as indicators of inflammation in different conditions, including schizophrenia. However, their relationship with negative symptoms, including anhedonia, is largely unknown. Included were 200 patients with schizophrenia and 134 healthy controls (HC), assessed for physical anhedonia (PA), using the Revised Physical Anhedonia Scale (RPAS), and social anhedonia (SA) by the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS). Patients were rated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) and the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS). Most of the negative symptoms were in a weak to moderate positive correlations with blood cell inflammatory ratios, namely, between NLR and MLR with PANSS negative scale, CAINS, and BNSS, and in male patients, between PLR and PANSS negative scale and CAINS. Fewer correlations were detected in females, but also in a positive direction. An exception was SA, given the negative correlation between its severity and the SII index in females, and its presence and higher PLR in males. While different negative symptoms were associated with subclinical inflammation, the relationship between SA and lower inflammatory markers deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Šagud
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Madžarac
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivona Šimunović Filipčić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Dunja Rogić
- Department for Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Bradaš
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Bajs Janović
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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9
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Gene Expression and Epigenetic Regulation in the Prefrontal Cortex of Schizophrenia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020243. [PMID: 36833173 PMCID: PMC9957055 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia pathogenesis remains challenging to define; however, there is strong evidence that the interaction of genetic and environmental factors causes the disorder. This paper focuses on transcriptional abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a key anatomical structure that determines functional outcomes in schizophrenia. This review summarises genetic and epigenetic data from human studies to understand the etiological and clinical heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Gene expression studies using microarray and sequencing technologies reported the aberrant transcription of numerous genes in the PFC in patients with schizophrenia. Altered gene expression in schizophrenia is related to several biological pathways and networks (synaptic function, neurotransmission, signalling, myelination, immune/inflammatory mechanisms, energy production and response to oxidative stress). Studies investigating mechanisms driving these transcriptional abnormalities focused on alternations in transcription factors, gene promoter elements, DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications or posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression mediated by non-coding RNAs.
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Tsuboi T, Satake Y, Hiraga K, Yokoi K, Hattori M, Suzuki M, Hara K, Ramirez-Zamora A, Okun MS, Katsuno M. Effects of MAO-B inhibitors on non-motor symptoms and quality of life in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:75. [PMID: 35697709 PMCID: PMC9192747 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are common among patients with Parkinson's disease and reduce patients' quality of life (QOL). However, there remain considerable unmet needs for NMS management. Three monoamine oxidase B inhibitors (MAO-BIs), selegiline, rasagiline, and safinamide, have become commercially available in many countries. Although an increasing number of studies have reported potential beneficial effects of MAO-BIs on QOL and NMS, there has been no consensus. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to provide an up-to-date systematic review of the QOL and NMS outcomes from the available clinical studies of MAO-BIs. We conducted a literature search using the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases in November 2021. We identified 60 publications relevant to this topic. Overall, rasagiline and safinamide had more published evidence on QOL and NMS changes compared with selegiline. This was likely impacted by selegiline being introduced many years prior to the field embarking on the study of NMS. The impact of MAO-BIs on QOL was inconsistent across studies, and this was unlikely to be clinically meaningful. MAO-BIs may potentially improve depression, sleep disturbances, and pain. In contrast, cognitive and olfactory dysfunctions are likely unresponsive to MAO-BIs. Given the paucity of evidence and controlled, long-term studies, the effects of MAO-BIs on fatigue, autonomic dysfunctions, apathy, and ICD remain unclear. The effects of MAO-BIs on static and fluctuating NMS have never been investigated systematically. More high-quality studies will be needed and should enable clinicians to provide personalized medicine based on a non-motor symptom profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yuki Satake
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keita Hiraga
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yokoi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Neurology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Makoto Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Clinical laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hara
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael S Okun
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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de Oliveira Figueiredo EC, Calì C, Petrelli F, Bezzi P. Emerging evidence for astrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia. Glia 2022; 70:1585-1604. [PMID: 35634946 PMCID: PMC9544982 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex, chronic mental health disorder whose heterogeneous genetic and neurobiological background influences early brain development, and whose precise etiology is still poorly understood. Schizophrenia is not characterized by gross brain pathology, but involves subtle pathological changes in neuronal populations and glial cells. Among the latter, astrocytes critically contribute to the regulation of early neurodevelopmental processes, and any dysfunctions in their morphological and functional maturation may lead to aberrant neurodevelopmental processes involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, synaptogenesis, and glutamatergic and dopaminergic transmission. Studies of the mechanisms regulating astrocyte maturation may therefore improve our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corrado Calì
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola Bezzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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12
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Năstase MG, Vlaicu I, Trifu SC, Trifu SC. Genetic polymorphism and neuroanatomical changes in schizophrenia. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2022; 63:307-322. [PMID: 36374137 PMCID: PMC9801677 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.63.2.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The article is a review of the latest meta-analyses regarding the genetic spectrum in schizophrenia, discussing the risks given by the disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), monoamine oxidases-A∕B (MAO-A∕B), glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and neuregulin 1 (NRG1) genes, and dysbindin-1 protein. The DISC1 polymorphism significantly increases the risk of schizophrenia, as well injuries from the prefrontal cortex that affect connectivity. NRG1 is one of the most important proteins involved. Its polymorphism is associated with the reduction of areas in the corpus callosum, right uncinate, inferior lateral fronto-occipital fascicle, right external capsule, fornix, right optic tract, gyrus. NRG1 and the ErbB4 receptor (tyrosine kinase receptor) are closely related to the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) (glutamate receptor). COMT is located on chromosome 22 and together with interleukin-10 (IL-10) have an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive function that influences the dopaminergic system. MAO gene methylation has been associated with mental disorders. MAO-A is a risk gene in the onset of schizophrenia, more precisely a certain type of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), at the gene level, is associated with schizophrenia. In schizophrenia, we find deficits of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmitter, the dysfunctions being found predominantly at the level of the substantia nigra. In schizophrenia, missing an allele at GAD67, caused by a SNP, has been correlated with decreases in parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin receptor (SSR), and GAD ribonucleic acid (RNA). Resulting in the inability to mature PV and SSR neurons, which has been associated with hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Gabriel Năstase
- Department of Neurosciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ilinca Vlaicu
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Psychiatry, Săpunari, Călăraşi County, Romania
| | - Simona Corina Trifu
- Department of Neurosciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Seeman MV, González-Rodríguez A. Stratification by Sex and Hormone Level When Contrasting Men and Women in Schizophrenia Trials Will Improve Personalized Treatment. J Pers Med 2021; 11:929. [PMID: 34575706 PMCID: PMC8471344 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex and gender differences have been reported in the prevalence, expression, treatment response, and outcome of schizophrenia, but most reports are based on relatively small samples that have not been stratified for the impact of sex hormone levels. This literature review aims to show how women's hormone levels can impact the results of male/female comparisons. METHODS This is a narrative review of data from publications of the last decade. RESULTS Epidemiologic evidence, reports of the impact of hormones on cognition, results of sexually dimorphic responses to treatment, and male/female trajectories of illness over time all suggest that female hormone fluctuations exert major effects on male/female differences in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Information on hormonal status in women participants is rarely available in clinical studies in schizophrenia, which makes male/female comparisons largely uninterpretable. These are the current challenges. Opportunities for individualized treatment are growing, however, and will undoubtedly result in improved outcomes for both women and men in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary V. Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, #605 260 Heath St. W., Toronto, ON M5P 3L6, Canada
| | - Alexandre González-Rodríguez
- Department of Mental Health, Mutua Terrassa University Hospital, University of Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain;
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