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Rudrappa M, Hiremath H, Chauhan S, Gunagambhire PV, Swamy PS, Kumar RS, Almansour AI, Nayaka S. Comprehensive in vitro evaluation of Indigofera hochstetteri Baker extract: Effect of chemicals in antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119288. [PMID: 38823619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze the pharmacological properties of medicinal plant Indigofera hochstetteri Baker extracts. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed a diverse range of secondary metabolites present in it. TLC analysis detected numerous phytochemicals with varying Rf values, aiding in different solvent systems. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 29 bioactive compounds with diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic and antimicrobial properties. Antimicrobial effect of I. hochstetteri Baker methanolic extract showed significant inhibitory effects against E. coli, E. aerogenes, S. flexneri, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, E. faecalis, B. cereus, and fungal strain C. albicans. The methanol extract also showed significant antifungal activity by inhibiting the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii in food poisoning method. MTT assays revealed significant cytotoxic activity of methanolic extract against human leukemia HL-60 cancer cells with IC50 of 116.01 μg/mL. In apoptotic study, I. hochstetteri Baker methanolic extract showed 28.84% viable cells, 30.2% early apoptosis, 35.54% late apoptosis, and 5.86% necrosis comparatively similar with standard used. The extract showed significant anti-inflammatory effect on HRBC stabilization, and protein denaturation of BSA and egg albumin denaturation with IC50 of 193.62 μg/mL, 113.94 μg/mL respectively. In anti-diabetic assays like α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and Glucose uptake assay, I. hochstetteri extract showed good anti-diabetic effect with IC50 of 60.64 μg/mL, 169.34 μg/mL, and 205.63 μg/mL respectively. In conclusion I. hochstetteri Baker have promising bioactive metabolites with significant biological activities, it can be good substitute for the chemical drugs after successful clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthuraj Rudrappa
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Halaswamy Hiremath
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Sindhushri Chauhan
- P.G. Department of Studies in Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Pallavi Sathyanarayana Swamy
- Department of P.G. Studies in Botany, P.G. Centre, Jnanagangothri campus, Davangere University, G. R. halli, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sreenivasa Nayaka
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India.
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Elshaer SE, Hamad GM, Sobhy SE, Darwish AMG, Baghdadi HH, H Abo Nahas H, El-Demerdash FM, Kabeil SSA, Altamimi AS, Al-Olayan E, Alsunbul M, Docmac OK, Jaremko M, Hafez EE, Saied EM. Supplementation of Saussurea costus root alleviates sodium nitrite-induced hepatorenal toxicity by modulating metabolic profile, inflammation, and apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1378249. [PMID: 38881874 PMCID: PMC11177093 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1378249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is a widely used food ingredient, although excessive concentrations can pose potential health risks. In the present study, we evaluated the deterioration effects of NaNO2 additives on hematology, metabolic profile, liver function, and kidney function of male Wistar rats. We further explored the therapeutic potential of supplementation with S. costus root ethanolic extract (SCREE) to improve NaNO2-induced hepatorenal toxicity. In this regard, 65 adult male rats were divided into eight groups; Group 1: control, Groups 2, 3, and 4 received SCREE in 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively, Group 5: NaNO2 (6.5 mg/kg body weight), Groups 6, 7 and 8 received NaNO2 (6.5 mg/kg body weight) in combination with SCREE (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight), respectively. Our results revealed that the NaNO2-treated group shows a significant change in deterioration in body and organ weights, hematological parameters, lipid profile, and hepatorenal dysfunction, as well as immunohistochemical and histopathological alterations. Furthermore, the NaNO2-treated group demonstrated a considerable increase in the expression of TNF-α cytokine and tumor suppressor gene P53 in the kidney and liver, while a significant reduction was detected in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and the apoptosis suppressor gene BCL-2, compared to the control group. Interestingly, SCREE administration demonstrated the ability to significantly alleviate the toxic effects of NaNO2 and improve liver function in a dose-dependent manner, including hematological parameters, lipid profile, and modulation of histopathological architecture. Additionally, SCREE exhibited the ability to modulate the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic genes in the liver and kidney. The phytochemical analysis revealed a wide set of primary metabolites in SCREE, including phenolics, flavonoids, vitamins, alkaloids, saponins and tannins, while the untargeted UPLC/T-TOF-MS/MS analysis identified 183 metabolites in both positive and negative ionization modes. Together, our findings establish the potential of SCREE in mitigating the toxic effects of NaNO2 by modulating metabolic, inflammatory, and apoptosis. Together, this study underscores the promise of SCREE as a potential natural food detoxifying additive to counteract the harmful impacts of sodium nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy E Elshaer
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Gamal M Hamad
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sherien E Sobhy
- Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira M Galal Darwish
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
- Food Industry Technology Program, Faculty of Industrial and Energy Technology, Borg Al Arab Technological University (BATU), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda H Baghdadi
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma M El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sanaa S A Kabeil
- Department of Protein Research, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdulmalik S Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam Al-Olayan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alsunbul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences., College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omaima Kamel Docmac
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed E Hafez
- Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Essa M Saied
- Chemistry Department (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Abouelwafa E, Zaki A, M Sabry O, Caprioli G, Abdel-Sattar E. Dolomiaea costus: an untapped mine of sesquiterpene lactones with wide magnificent biological activities. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:4069-4079. [PMID: 36625545 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2164577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dolomiaea costus (Falc.) Kasana & A.K. Pandey Family Asteraceae, formerly known as Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch contains a rich treasury of diverse bioactive compounds such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, sterols, cardenolides, flavonoids, coumarins, lignans, phenylpropanoids and alkaloids. The sesquiterpene lactones, costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone in D. costus, possess unique promising in vitro and in vivo biological activities for the prevention and cure of diverse ailments like Parkinson's disease, oxidative stress, hyperpigmentation, ulcerative colitis, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, leukemia, stomach cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, allergy, type 2 diabetes, hepatotoxicity, bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis, thrombosis and various microbial infections. Costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone are potential drug candidates that could lead to the development of new medications for a variety of difficult-to-treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebraheem Abouelwafa
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Zaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omar M Sabry
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Shaikh HY, Niazi SK, Bepari A, Cordero MAW, Sheereen S, Hussain SA, Rudrappa M, Nagaraja SK, Agadi SN. Biological Characterization of Cleome felina L.f. Extracts for Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, and Hepatoprotective Activities in Wister Albino Rats. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1506. [PMID: 37887207 PMCID: PMC10604301 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the phytochemical constitution and biological activities of Cleome felina L.f. (Cleomaceae). C. felina (leaves, stem, and root) extracts (acetone, methanol, and water) were qualitatively assessed for phytochemical presence. Methanolic leaves extract revealed more positive phyto-compounds among all the extracts; further, methanolic leaves extract was evaluated for FTIR, EDX, GCMS, antimicrobial assay, acute toxicity, and paracetamol-induced hepatoprotective activity in Wister albino rats. FTIR and EDX analysis unveiled important functional groups and elements in the leaves. GCMS analysis of methanolic leaves extract exposed 12 active phyto-compounds: major constituents detected were 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, formate-48.79%; 1-Decanol, 2-ethyl-13.40%; 1,6-Anhydro-β-d-talopyranose-12.49%; Ethene, 1,2-bis(methylthio)-7.22%; Decane-4.02%; 3-Methylene-7, 11-dimethyl-1-dodecene-3.085%; Amlexanox-2.50%; 1,2,3,4-Cyclopentanetetrol, (1α,2β,3β,4α)-2.07%; L-Cysteine S-sulfate-1.84%; n-Hexadecanoic acid-1.70%; and Flucarbazone-1.55%. The antimicrobial assay showed a moderate zone of inhibition against S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and C. glabrata at 100 µL/mL concentration. Additionally, acute toxicity revealed no behavioral sign of the toxic effect. The significant results were obtained for methanolic leaves extract (low-50 and high-100 mg/kg b.wt. dose) for hepatoprotective activity, where it dramatically reduced serum blood biochemical markers (AST, ALT, ALP, Total bilirubin, and cholesterol) and exhibited elevated hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH) concentration with lipid peroxidation retardation. To conclude, C. felina methanolic leaves extract ameliorated important phytochemical compounds and showed significant antimicrobial and hepatoprotective efficacy; therefore, utilization of C. felina leaves suggested in pharmacological applications, and in numerous cosmetics, herbicides, and food industries, would be a great scope for future hepatoprotective drug designing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Yaqub Shaikh
- Department of P.G. Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (H.Y.S.); (M.R.); (S.K.N.)
| | - Shaik Kalimulla Niazi
- Department of Preparatory Health Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 12611, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asmatanzeem Bepari
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (M.A.W.C.)
| | - Mary Anne Wong Cordero
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (M.A.W.C.)
| | - Shazima Sheereen
- Department of Pathology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore 576104, Karnataka, India;
| | - Syed Arif Hussain
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Science, Almaarefa University, Diriyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muthuraj Rudrappa
- Department of P.G. Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (H.Y.S.); (M.R.); (S.K.N.)
| | | | - Shekappa Ningappa Agadi
- Department of P.G. Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (H.Y.S.); (M.R.); (S.K.N.)
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Elkateb AS, Nofal S, Ali SA, Atya HB. Camptothecin Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Sorafenib- Induced Ferroptosis Via Suppression of Nrf2. Inflammation 2023:10.1007/s10753-023-01823-4. [PMID: 37171695 PMCID: PMC10359394 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib is a potent inducer of ferroptosis used to manage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The ferroptosis induced by sorafenib activates the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Abnormal activation of Nrf2 reduces sorafenib's efficiency and ferroptosis action and induces sorafenib's resistance. Consequently, our study tried to study the effect of a novel combination of sorafenib and Camptothecin (CPT, Nrf2 inhibitor) to improve sorafenib's ferroptosis action and reduce sorafenib resistance in the treatment of HCC. We evaluated the efficacy of sorafenib and/or CPT using HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines. MTT assay evaluated the anti-proliferation effects. The combination index (CI) and dose reduction index (DRI) were calculated using Isobologram analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), iron concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GPX4), and glutathione reductase (GR) activity assays were used to determine the ferroptosis action of drugs. Western blot was used to investigate the expression of the implicated proteins. Bioinformatics tools were used to determine the correlation between these proteins. Finally, the HPLC technique is used to measure cellular drug uptake. Our results revealed a strong synergism between sorafenib and CPT. The synergetic combination significantly increases lipid peroxidation and iron concentration, decreases TAC, GPX4 and GR activity, and reduces the expression of both Nrf2 and SLC7A11. The downregulation of Nrf2 expression has a vital role in the reduction of resistance mediators to sorafenib against HCC cells like (p62, MT1G, and ABCG2) and improves the cellular uptake of sorafenib. The current study provided evidence that Nrf2 inhibition by CPT improves sorafenib's sensitivity and reduces sorafenib's resistance via the augmentation of sorafenib's ferroptosis action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elkateb
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shahira Nofal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Ali
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa B Atya
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt.
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Zhang Q, Wen XH, Tang SL, Zhao ZW, Tang CK. Role and therapeutic potential of gelsolin in atherosclerosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 178:59-67. [PMID: 36967105 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major pathophysiological basis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases and has been recognized as a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease. Gelsolin (GSN) is a member of the GSN family. The main function of GSN is to cut and seal actin filaments to regulate the cytoskeleton and participate in a variety of biological functions, such as cell movement, morphological changes, metabolism, apoptosis and phagocytosis. Recently, more and more evidences have demonstrated that GSN is Closely related to atherosclerosis, involving lipid metabolism, inflammation, cell proliferation, migration and thrombosis. This article reviews the role of GSN in atherosclerosis from inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wen
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shi-Lin Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhen-Wang Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Waseem M, Wang BD. Promising Strategy of mPTP Modulation in Cancer Therapy: An Emerging Progress and Future Insight. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5564. [PMID: 36982637 PMCID: PMC10051994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been progressively a major global health concern. With this developing global concern, cancer determent is one of the most significant public health challenges of this era. To date, the scientific community undoubtedly highlights mitochondrial dysfunction as a hallmark of cancer cells. Permeabilization of the mitochondrial membranes has been implicated as the most considerable footprint in apoptosis-mediated cancer cell death. Under the condition of mitochondrial calcium overload, exclusively mediated by oxidative stress, an opening of a nonspecific channel with a well-defined diameter in mitochondrial membrane allows free exchange between the mitochondrial matrix and the extra mitochondrial cytosol of solutes and proteins up to 1.5 kDa. Such a channel/nonspecific pore is recognized as the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). mPTP has been established for regulating apoptosis-mediated cancer cell death. It has been evident that mPTP is critically linked with the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase II to defend cellular death and reduce cytochrome c release. However, elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ loading, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial depolarization are critical factors leading to mPTP opening/activation. Although the exact mechanism underlying mPTP-mediated cell death remains elusive, mPTP-mediated apoptosis machinery has been considered as an important clamp and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several types of cancers. In this review, we focus on structure and regulation of the mPTP complex-mediated apoptosis mechanisms and follow with a comprehensive discussion addressing the development of novel mPTP-targeting drugs/molecules in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Waseem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA;
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA;
- Hormone Related Cancers Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Rudrappa M, Kumar RS, Nagaraja SK, Hiremath H, Gunagambhire PV, Almansour AI, Perumal K, Nayaka S. Myco-Nanofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles by Penicillium brasilianum NP5 and Their Antimicrobial, Photoprotective and Anticancer Effect on MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Line. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030567. [PMID: 36978433 PMCID: PMC10044662 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the exploration of fungal organisms for novel metabolite production and its pharmacological applications is much appreciated in the biomedical field. In the present study, the fungal strains were isolated from soil of unexplored Yellapura regions. The potent isolate NP5 was selected based on preliminary screening and identified as Penicillium brasilianum NP5 through morphological, microscopic, and molecular characterizations. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from P. brasilianum was confirmed by the color change of the reaction mixture and UV-visible surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectra of 420 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the functional groups involved in synthesis. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis showed aggregation of the NPs, with sizes ranged from 10 to 60 nm, an average particle size of 25.32 nm, and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.40. The crystalline nature and silver as the major element in NP5-AgNPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The negative value −15.3 mV in Zeta potential exhibited good stability, and thermostability was recorded by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). NP5-AgNPs showed good antimicrobial activity on selected human pathogens in a concentration-dependent manner. The MTT assay showed concentration-dependent anticancer activity with an IC50 of 41.93 µg/mL on the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Further, apoptotic study was carried out by flow cytometry to observe the rate of apoptosis. The calculated sun protection factor (SPF) value confirms good photoprotection capacity. From the results obtained, NP5-AgNPs can be used in the pharmaceutical field after successful in vitro clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthuraj Rudrappa
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (M.R.); (S.K.N.); (H.H.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.K.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Shashiraj Kareyellappa Nagaraja
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (M.R.); (S.K.N.); (H.H.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Halaswamy Hiremath
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (M.R.); (S.K.N.); (H.H.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Pooja Vidyasagar Gunagambhire
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (M.R.); (S.K.N.); (H.H.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Abdulrahman I. Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.K.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Karthikeyan Perumal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Sreenivasa Nayaka
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (M.R.); (S.K.N.); (H.H.); (P.V.G.)
- Correspondence: or
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Du Y, Li J, Cai C, Gong F, Zhou G, Liu F, Wu Q, Liu F. Plantamajoside alleviates hypoxia-reoxygenation injury through integrin-linked kinase/c-Src/Akt and the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathways in H9c2 myocardial cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:64. [PMID: 36829192 PMCID: PMC9951442 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI) is one of the common complications after myocardial infarction surgery, Oxidative stress is among the main mechanisms of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Plantamajoside (PMS), the main effective ingredient in the genus Plantain, has been reported to possess an antioxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis role. However, whether PMS can attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is not yet known. Herein, we explored the effects of PMS on hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and the underling molecular mechanisms of the treatment. Network pharmacological analysis screened the top 31 key genes in the treatment of MIRI disease treated with PMS, and the result of molecular docking further illustrated the roles that the PMS play in the treatment of MIRI through its interference with integrin-linked kinase (ILK) target protein. PMS was not cytotoxic in the concentration range of 5-40 μM and increased cell survival after H/R injury in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting proliferation or growth. PMS significantly reduced the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, malonic dialdehyde, reactive oxygen species and cell apoptosis, and increased soperoxide dismutase activity compared with those of the H/R injury group. PMS promoted the protein and mRNA expression of ILK and Bcl-2, the protein expression of p-Akt, and reduced the protein and mRNA expression of Bax, Caspase-3, and Cytochrome c, the protein expression of p-c-Src. PMS has protective effects against H/R injury in H9c2 cells, and its protective mechanism may be related to reactive oxygen species clearance, activation of the ILK/c-Src/Akt pathway and inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Du
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Jia Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Chao Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Fanying Gong
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Guoliang Zhou
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045The Chinese Medicine College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046 China
| | - Fang Liu
- Xuzhou Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, 221018 China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Fuming Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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10
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Xu H, Chen J, Chen P, Li W, Shao J, Hong S, Wang Y, Chen L, Luo W, Liang G. Costunolide covalently targets NACHT domain of NLRP3 to inhibit inflammasome activation and alleviate NLRP3-driven inflammatory diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:678-693. [PMID: 36873170 PMCID: PMC9978959 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome's core and most specific protein, NLRP3, has a variety of functions in inflammation-driven diseases. Costunolide (COS) is the major active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Saussurea lappa and has anti-inflammatory activity, but the principal mechanism and molecular target of COS remain unclear. Here, we show that COS covalently binds to cysteine 598 in NACHT domain of NLRP3, altering the ATPase activity and assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome. We declare COS's great anti-inflammasome efficacy in macrophages and disease models of gouty arthritis and ulcerative colitis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We also reveal that the α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone motif in sesquiterpene lactone is the certain active group in inhibiting NLRP3 activation. Taken together, NLRP3 is identified as a direct target of COS for its anti-inflammasome activity. COS, especially the α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone motif in COS structure, might be used to design and produce novel NLRP3 inhibitors as a lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 311399, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jingjing Shao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 311399, China
| | - Shanshan Hong
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 311399, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.,Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 311399, China
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11
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Rudrappa M, Nayaka S, Kumar RS. In Silico Molecular Docking Approach of Melanin Against Melanoma Causing MITF Proteins and Anticancer, Oxidation-Reduction, Photoprotection, and Drug-Binding Affinity Properties of Extracted Melanin from Streptomyces sp. strain MR28. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04358-4. [PMID: 36692647 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Melanin is a biopolymer reported for diverse biological actions to secure organisms over adverse environmental factors. In the last decade, melanin attributed considerable attention for its use in bioelectronics, photoprotection, environmental bioremediation, and drug discovery. Molecular docking study is the emerging trend in drug discovery for drug designing by targeting proteins. Considering the therapeutic nature of the melanin, we extracted melanin from Streptomyces sp. strain MR28, and it was tested for various biological activities, viz., DPPH free radical scavenging potency, sun protection factor (SPF), drug likeness by SwissADME, molecular docking of melanin on melanocyte-inducing transcription factor (MITF) proteins, cytotoxic activity on A375 malignant melanoma with induction of apoptosis study by flow cytometry, and adsorption study of melanin on doxorubicin and camptothecin drug for drug uptake by melanin. The melanin showed good scavenging potency of DPPH free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. SPF of 38.64 ± 0.63, 55.53 ± 0.53, and 67.07 ± 0.82 were recorded at 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 µg/mL, concentrations, respectively. SwissADME screening confirms the drug likeness of melanin. Docking of melanin with MITF proteins exhibited a maximum of - 9.2 kcal/mol binding affinity for 4ATK protein. Cytotoxicity of the melanin drug exhibited good inhibition of melanoma cells in dose-dependent way with significant IC50 of 65.61 µg/mL; apoptotic study reveals melanin showed 64.02% apoptosis for melanin and 33.8% apoptosis for standard drug (doxorubicin). The maximum adsorptions for selected drugs camptothecin and doxorubicin to melanin were recorded at 90 min. In conclusion, the extracted melanin showed significant results over many biological applications and it can be used in the pharmaceutical field to avoid chemical-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthuraj Rudrappa
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580003, India
| | - Sreenivasa Nayaka
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580003, India.
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Nava-Solis U, Rodriguez-Canales M, Hernandez-Hernandez AB, Velasco-Melgoza DA, Moreno-Guzman BP, Rodriguez-Monroy MA, Canales-Martinez MM. Antimicrobial activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Prosopis laevigata. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20807. [PMID: 36460709 PMCID: PMC9718812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens has highlighted the need to search for new compounds that can effectively combat infectious diseases. A potential source of these compounds are the secondary metabolites of species that have been reported as effective traditional treatments of such diseases. Prosopis laevigata is a medicinal plant, and its chemical constituents have shown potential antimicrobial activity. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Prosopis laevigata against different bacterial and fungal strains of medical and agronomic interest were investigated in vitro. In addition, the chemical composition of this extract was investigated by HPLC-DAD, GC‒MS, and HPLC‒MS. The methanolic leaf extract contained 67 mg of GAE/g of total phenols (6.7%), 2.6 mg of QE/g of flavonoids (0.26%), and 11.87 mg of AE/g of total alkaloids (1.18%). Phenolic acids and catechol were the compounds identified by HPLC-DAD. The methanolic extract had strong antimicrobial activity, especially against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.62 mg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC = 0.62 mg/mL), Candida tropicalis (MIC = 0.08 mg/mL) and Fusarium moniliforme (MIC = 4.62 mg/mL). These results suggest that the extract of P. laevigata leaves could be a source of antimicrobial molecules. However, it is necessary to delve into its chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Nava-Solis
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnología Y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, C.P. 54090 México
| | - Mario Rodriguez-Canales
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios Numero 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, C.P. 54090 México
| | - Ana Bertha Hernandez-Hernandez
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnología Y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, C.P. 54090 México
| | - David Arturo Velasco-Melgoza
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnología Y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, C.P. 54090 México
| | - Brenda Paola Moreno-Guzman
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnología Y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, C.P. 54090 México
| | - Marco Aurelio Rodriguez-Monroy
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios Numero 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, C.P. 54090 México
| | - María Margarita Canales-Martinez
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnología Y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, C.P. 54090 México
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13
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Role of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain RD1 (Lpb RD1) in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis: an in vitro analysis. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:593. [PMID: 36053319 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain RD1 (Lpb RD1), which was isolated and identified from the curd by 16 S rRNA sequencing. The probiotic properties of the isolated strain were studied by bile and NaCl tolerance and the ethyl acetate extract of Ea-LpRD1, was used to determine the toxicity against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines and human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cell lines by MTT assay. DNA fragmentation assay was carried out to study apoptosis induction. Flow cytometry analysis was done to determine the % of a cell population using the FTIC-Annexin V staining method. RT-PCR was used to assess gene expression levels in both cell lines. The IC50 concentration of the Ea-LpRD1 in MCF-7 cells was 0.30 mg/ml and in HEK-293 was 0.47 mg/ml. The expression levels of the BCL-2 gene anti-apoptotic genes in humans were reduced and BAX, caspase-8, caspase-3, and caspase-9 were an increased expression in MCF-7 cell lines.
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14
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Yao Y, Li R, Liu D, Long L, He N. Rosmarinic acid alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by targeting Nrf2 and NEK7-NLRP3 signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113773. [PMID: 35753269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural polyphenol with various biological activities, such as anti-oxidative, anti-fibrotic, and hepatoprotective properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of RA against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity (AILI) and explore the underlying mechanisms. Kunming mice were treated with RA (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg, i.g) for 7d, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of APAP (500 mg/kg). The liver injury was evaluated by serum biochemical and liver histopathological examinations. Human HepG2 cells were pre-treated with RA (20, 40, or 80 μmol/L) and then incubated with APAP (25 mmol/L) for 24 h. The MTT assay, wound healing assay, transwell migration assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting were employed to further evaluate RA's protective effects on AILI and explore the mechanisms. The results indicated that RA pre-treatment lowered the serum ALT and AST levels, ameliorated the histological damage to the liver, and reduced ROS generation and the production of IL-1β and IL-18 in the liver tissues in APAP-treated mice. Moreover, pre-treatment with RA could promote the cell viability and migration ability and inhibit apoptosis in APAP-treated HepG2 cells. Mechanistically, RA could significantly suppress the APAP-induced activation of the NEK7-NLRP3 signaling pathway. Notably, depletion of Nrf2 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) partly eliminated the protective effects of RA on AILI and the suppression of NEK7-NLRP3 signaling by RA. In summary, these results indicate that RA has a protective role against AILI through Nrf2-mediated inhibition of ROS production and suppression of the NEK7-NLRP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- Department of Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China.
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China
| | - Lihui Long
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China
| | - Na He
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China
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15
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Plumeria alba-Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Exhibits Antimicrobial Effect and Anti-Oncogenic Activity against Glioblastoma U118 MG Cancer Cell Line. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030493. [PMID: 35159838 PMCID: PMC8839720 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plumeria alba (P. alba) is a small laticiferous tree with promising medicinal properties. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and non-hazardous compared to chemical and physical synthesis methods. Current research aiming to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the leaf extract of P. alba (P- AgNPs) has described its physiochemical and pharmacological properties in recognition of its therapeutic potential as an anticancer and antimicrobial agent. These biogenic synthesized P-AgNPs were physiochemically characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and zeta potential analyses. Antimicrobial activity was investigated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata. Anticancer activity against glioblasoma U118 MG cancer lines was investigated using an MTT assay, and apoptosis activity was determined by flow cytometry. UV–visible spectroscopic analysis portrayed surface plasmon resonance at 403 nm of synthesized P-AgNPs, and FTIR suggested the presence of amines, alkanes, and phenol molecules that could be involved in reduction and capping processes during AgNPs formation. Synthesized particles were spherical in shape and poly-dispersed with an average particle size of 26.43 nm and a poly-dispersity index (PDI) of 0.25 with a zeta potential value of −24.6 mV, ensuring their stability. The lattice plane values confirm the crystalline nature as identified by XRD. These P-AgNPs exhibited potential antimicrobial activity against selected human pathogenic microbes. Additionally, the in vitro MTT assay results show its effective anticancer activity against the glioma U118 MG cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 9.77 µg/mL AgNPs by initiating apoptosis as identified by a staining study with flow cytometric annexin V–fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI). Thus, P. alba AgNPs can be recommended for further pharmacological and other biological research. To conclude, the current investigation developed an eco-friendly AgNPs synthesis using P. alba leaf extract with potential cytotoxic and antibacterial capacity, which can therefore be recommended as a new strategy to treat different human diseases.
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