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Lofrano G, Ubaldi F, Albarano L, Carotenuto M, Vaiano V, Valeriani F, Libralato G, Gianfranceschi G, Fratoddi I, Meric S, Guida M, Romano Spica V. Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Innovative Photocatalysts: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2831. [PMID: 36014697 PMCID: PMC9415964 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne pathogens represent one of the most widespread environmental concerns. Conventional disinfection methods, including chlorination and UV, pose several operational and environmental problems; namely, formation of potentially hazardous disinfection by-products (DBPs) and high energy consumption. Therefore, there is high demand for effective, low-cost disinfection treatments. Among advanced oxidation processes, the photocatalytic process, a form of green technology, is becoming increasingly attractive. A systematic review was carried out on the synthesis, characterization, toxicity, and antimicrobial performance of innovative engineered photocatalysts. In recent decades, various engineered photocatalysts have been developed to overcome the limits of conventional photocatalysts using different synthesis methods, and these are discussed together with the main parameters influencing the process behaviors. The potential environmental risks of engineered photocatalysts are also addressed, considering the toxicity effects presented in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Lofrano
- Department of Movement, Health and Human Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (F.U.); (G.G.); (V.R.S.)
| | - Francesca Ubaldi
- Department of Movement, Health and Human Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (F.U.); (G.G.); (V.R.S.)
| | - Luisa Albarano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (G.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Maurizio Carotenuto
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.C.); (V.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Vaiano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.C.); (V.V.)
| | - Federica Valeriani
- Department of Movement, Health and Human Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (F.U.); (G.G.); (V.R.S.)
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (G.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Gianluca Gianfranceschi
- Department of Movement, Health and Human Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (F.U.); (G.G.); (V.R.S.)
| | - Ilaria Fratoddi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sureyya Meric
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Corlu 59860, Turkey;
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (G.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Romano Spica
- Department of Movement, Health and Human Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (F.U.); (G.G.); (V.R.S.)
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Scimone A, Redfern J, Patiphatpanya P, Thongtem T, Ratova M, Kelly P, Verran J. Development of a rapid method for assessing the efficacy of antibacterial photocatalytic coatings. Talanta 2021; 225:122009. [PMID: 33592748 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light activated photocatalytic coatings may represent an attractive antimicrobial solution in domains such as food, beverage, pharmaceutical, biomedical and wastewater remediation. However, testing methods to determine the antibacterial effects of photocatalytic coatings are limited and require specialist expertise. This paper describes the development of a method that enables rapid screening of coatings for photocatalytic-antibacterial activity. Relying on the ability of viable microorganisms to reduce the dye resazurin from a blue to a pink colour, the method relates the time taken to detect this colour change with number of viable microorganisms. The antibacterial activity of two photocatalytic materials (bismuth oxide and titanium dioxide) were screened against two pathogenic organisms (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) that represent potential target microorganisms using traditional testing and enumeration techniques (BS ISO 27447:2009) and the novel rapid method. Bismuth oxide showed excellent antibacterial activity under ambient visible light against E. coli, but was less effective against K. pneumoniae. The rapid method showed excellent agreement with existing tests in terms of number of viable cells recovered. Due to advantages such as low cost, high throughput, and less reliance on microbiological expertise, this method is recommended for researchers seeking an inexpensive first-stage screen for putative photocatalytic-antibacterial coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Scimone
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
| | - James Redfern
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Panudda Patiphatpanya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Titipun Thongtem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Marina Ratova
- Surface Engineering Group, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Kelly
- Surface Engineering Group, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanna Verran
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
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The Role of Adsorption in the Photocatalytic Decomposition of Dyes on APTES-Modified TiO2 Nanomaterials. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigated for the first time the role of adsorption in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and Orange II dyes in the presence of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-modified TiO2 nanomaterials. It has been demonstrated that the decrease in adsorption has a detrimental effect on photocatalytic activity. APTES/TiO2 photocatalysts were successfully prepared by solvothermal modification of TiO2 in a pressure autoclave, followed by heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere at the temperature range from 300 °C to 900 °C. It was observed that functionalization of TiO2 via APTES effectively suppressed the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation, as well as the growth of crystallites size during calcination, and reduction of specific surface area (APTES modification inhibits sintering of crystallites). The noted alterations in the adsorption properties, observed after the calcination, were generally related to changes in the surface characteristics, mainly surface charges expressed by the zeta potential. Positively charged surface enhances adsorption of anionic dye (Orange II), while negatively charged surface was better for adsorption of cationic dye (methylene blue). The adsorption process substantially affects the efficiency of the photocatalytic oxidation of both dyes. The methylene blue decomposition proceeded according to the pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, while the degradation of Orange II followed the zero, pseudo-first, and pseudo-second order kinetic models.
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