1
|
Romanov RI, Fominski DV, Demin MV, Gritskevich MD, Doroshina NV, Volkov VS, Fominski VY. Tribological Properties of WS 2 Thin Films Containing Graphite-like Carbon and Ni Interlayers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:282. [PMID: 36614621 PMCID: PMC9822394 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development and production of thin-film coatings having very low friction is an urgent problem of materials science. One of the most promising solutions is the fabrication of special nanocomposites containing transition-metal dichalcogenides and various carbon-based nanophases. This study aims to explore the influence of graphite-like carbon (g-C) and Ni interface layers on the tribological properties of thin WS2 films. Nanocrystalline WS2 films were created by reactive pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in H2S at 500 °C. Between the two WS2 nanolayers, g-C and Ni nanofilms were fabricated by PLD at 700 and 22 °C, respectively. Tribotesting was carried out in a nitrogen-enriched atmosphere by the reciprocal sliding of a steel counterbody under a relatively low load of 1 N. For single-layer WS2 films, the friction coefficient was ~0.04. The application of g-C films did not noticeably improve the tribological properties of WS2-based films. However, the application of thin films of g-C and Ni reduced the friction coefficient to 0.013, thus, approaching superlubricity. The island morphology of the Ni nanofilm ensured WS2 retention and altered the contact area between the counterbody and the film surface. The catalytic properties of nickel facilitated the introduction of S and H atoms into g-C. The sliding of WS2 nanoplates against an amorphous g-C(S, H) nanolayer caused a lower coefficient of friction than the relative sliding of WS2 nanoplates. The detected behavior of the prepared thin films suggests a new strategy of designing antifriction coatings for practical applications and highlights the ample opportunities of laser techniques in the formation of promising thin-film coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman I. Romanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Fominski
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Demin
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo St 14, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia
| | - Mariya D. Gritskevich
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Doroshina
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Valentyn S. Volkov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Yu. Fominski
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Effect of Annealing Heat Treatment on the Composition, Morphology, Structure and Mechanical Properties of the W-S-N Coatings. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124088. [PMID: 35744147 PMCID: PMC9230597 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Alloyed-transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) coatings have been under investigation as multi-environment lubricants for the past few decades. These coatings display very low coefficient of friction properties at elevated temperatures. Studies on the annealing of these low-friction coatings are missing in the literature. For the first time, in this study, the annealing of the W-S-N dry lubricant coatings was carried out to study its effects on the composition, morphology, crystal structure and hardness of the coatings. The W-S-N coatings were deposited by direct current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering. The analysis was carried out for as-deposited, 200 °C and 400 °C annealed coatings. The as-deposited coatings have N content in the range of 0–25.5 at. %. The coatings are compact and the densification increased with the increase in N-alloying. All the coatings are crystalline except the highest N-alloyed coating which is X-ray amorphous. A maximum hardness of 8.0 GPa was measured for the coating alloyed with 23 at. % N. Annealing did not affect the composition and morphology of the coatings, while some variations were observed in their crystal structure and hardness. The maximum hardness increased from 8 GPa to 9.2 GPa after 400 °C annealing of the 23 at. % N-alloyed coating.
Collapse
|
3
|
Yaqub TB, Al-Rjoub A, Cavaleiro A, Fernandes F. Exploring the industrial implementation of W–S–N coatings: a detailed study of the synthesis, compositional, structural, mechanical and multi-environment lubrication properties. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 18:547-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
4
|
Yaqub TB, Vuchkov T, Bruyère S, Pierson JF, Cavaleiro A. A revised interpretation of the mechanisms governing low friction tribolayer formation in alloyed-TMD self-lubricating coatings. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE 2022; 571:151302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
5
|
On the Microstructural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Mo-Se-C Coatings and Their Potential for Friction Reduction against Rubber. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061336. [PMID: 33802002 PMCID: PMC7999978 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Friction and wear contribute to high energetic losses that reduce the efficiency of mechanical systems. However, carbon alloyed transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD-C) coatings possess low friction coefficients in diverse environments and can self-adapt to various sliding conditions. Hence, in this investigation, a semi-industrial magnetron sputtering device, operated in direct current mode (DC), is utilized to deposit several molybdenum-selenium-carbon (Mo-Se-C) coatings with a carbon content up to 60 atomic % (at. %). Then, the carbon content influence on the final properties of the films is analysed using several structural, mechanical and tribological characterization techniques. With an increasing carbon content in the Mo-Se-C films, lower Se/Mo ratio, porosity and roughness appeared, while the hardness and compactness increased. Pin-on-disk (POD) experiments performed in humid air disclosed that the Mo-Se-C vs. nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) friction is higher than Mo-Se-C vs. steel friction, and the coefficient of friction (CoF) is higher at 25 °C than at 200 °C, for both steel and NBR countersurfaces. In terms of wear, the Mo-Se-C coatings with 51 at. % C showed the lowest specific wear rates of all carbon content films when sliding against steel. The study shows the potential of TMD-based coatings for friction and wear reduction sliding against rubber.
Collapse
|
6
|
Fominski V, Fominski D, Romanov R, Gritskevich M, Demin M, Shvets P, Maksimova K, Goikhman A. Specific Features of Reactive Pulsed Laser Deposition of Solid Lubricating Nanocomposite Mo-S-C-H Thin-Film Coatings. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122456. [PMID: 33302538 PMCID: PMC7764125 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the structure and chemical states of thin-film coatings obtained by pulsed laser codeposition of Mo and C in a reactive gas (H2S). The coatings were analysed for their prospective use as solid lubricating coatings for friction units operating in extreme conditions. Pulsed laser ablation of molybdenum and graphite targets was accompanied by the effective interaction of the deposited Mo and C layers with the reactive gas and the chemical states of Mo- and C-containing nanophases were interdependent. This had a negative effect on the tribological properties of Mo–S–C–H nanocomposite coatings obtained at H2S pressures of 9 and 18 Pa, which were optimal for obtaining MoS2 and MoS3 coatings, respectively. The best tribological properties were found for the Mo–S–C–H_5.5 coating formed at an H2S pressure of 5.5 Pa. At this pressure, the x = S/Mo ratio in the MoSx nanophase was slightly less than 2, and the a-C(S,H) nanophase contained ~8 at.% S and ~16 at.% H. The a-C(S,H) nanophase with this composition provided a low coefficient of friction (~0.03) at low ambient humidity and 22 °C. The nanophase composition in Mo–S–C–H_5.5 coating demonstrated fairly good antifriction properties and increased wear resistance even at −100 °C. For wet friction conditions, Mo–S–C–H nanocomposite coatings did not have significant advantages in reducing friction compared to the MoS2 and MoS3 coatings formed by reactive pulsed laser deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Fominski
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (D.F.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dmitry Fominski
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (D.F.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Roman Romanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (D.F.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Mariya Gritskevich
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (D.F.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Maxim Demin
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo St 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.D.); (P.S.); (K.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Petr Shvets
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo St 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.D.); (P.S.); (K.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Ksenia Maksimova
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo St 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.D.); (P.S.); (K.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Alexander Goikhman
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo St 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.D.); (P.S.); (K.M.); (A.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yaqub TB, Bruyere S, Pierson JF, Vuchkov T, Cavaleiro A. Insights into the wear track evolution with sliding cycles of carbon-alloyed transition metal dichalcogenide coatings. SURFACE AND COATINGS TECHNOLOGY 2020; 403:126360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
8
|
Hebbar Kannur K, Yaqub TB, Huminiuc T, Polcar T, Pupier C, Héau C, Cavaleiro A. Synthesis and structural properties of Mo-S-N sputtered coatings. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE 2020; 527:146790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
9
|
Hebbar Kannur K, Yaqub TB, Pupier C, Héau C, Cavaleiro A. Mechanical Properties and Vacuum Tribological Performance of Mo-S-N Sputtered Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:43299-43310. [PMID: 32841561 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MoS2 is the most widely used dry lubricant for low friction applications in vacuum environments. However, due to its lamellar nature it exfoliates during sliding, leading to high wear, high coefficient of friction (COF), and low stability. Here, we report the mechanical properties and the vacuum (10-4 Pa) tribological performance of nitrogen-alloyed transition-metal-dichalcogenide (TMD-N) coatings. The coatings were deposited using a hybrid deposition method, that is, reactive direct current (DC) sputtering of MoS2 target assisted by an additional plasma source. The tribological tests were performed at relatively low contact stresses to replicate real industrial needs. The interaction between different mating surfaces (coating versus steel, coating versus coating) has been reported. Additionally, the effects of loads on the sliding properties were also studied for coating versus coating interactions. A maximum hardness of 8.9 GPa was measured for the 37 atom % N-alloyed coating. In all mating conditions, the pure MoS2 coating had COF in the range of 0.1-0.25 and the least specific wear rates were found to be 3.0 × 10-6 mm3/N·m for flat and 2.5 × 10-6 mm3/N·m for cylinder. As compared to MoS2 coating, the COF and specific wear rates decreased with N additions. The COF was in the range of 0.05-0.1 for Mo-S-N coatings, while coating versus coating displayed the lowest specific wear rates (8.6 × 10-8 mm3/N·m for flat and 4.4 × 10-8 mm3/N·m for cylinder). Finally, the increase in load resulted in a decrease of COF, but an increase in the wear rate was observed. The detailed mechanism behind the behavior of the COF for the different mating conditions was presented and discussed. This work brings some important issues when testing transition metal dichalcogenide-based coatings under low contact stress conditions more appropriate for simulating real service applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Hebbar Kannur
- IREIS, HEF Group, ZI Sud - Avenue Benoît Fourneyron CS 42077, 42162 Andrézieux-Bouthéon, France
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Talha Bin Yaqub
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
- IPN - LED & MAT - Instituto Pedro Nunes, Laboratory of Tests, Wear and Materials, Rua Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christophe Pupier
- IREIS, HEF Group, ZI Sud - Avenue Benoît Fourneyron CS 42077, 42162 Andrézieux-Bouthéon, France
| | - Christophe Héau
- IREIS, HEF Group, ZI Sud - Avenue Benoît Fourneyron CS 42077, 42162 Andrézieux-Bouthéon, France
| | - Albano Cavaleiro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yaqub TB, Hebbar Kannur K, Vuchkov T, Pupier C, Héau C, Cavaleiro A. Molybdenum diselenide coatings as universal dry lubricants for terrestrial and aerospace applications. MATERIALS LETTERS 2020; 275:128035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
11
|
Vuchkov T, Yaqub TB, Evaristo M, Cavaleiro A. Synthesis, microstructural and mechanical properties of self-lubricating Mo-Se-C coatings deposited by closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering. SURFACE AND COATINGS TECHNOLOGY 2020; 394:125889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|