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Konwar K, Chaturvedi A, Chakraborty R, Sharma P, Kumar D, Kaushik SD, Babu PD, Mukhopadhyay R, Lodha S, Sen D, Deb P. Interacting Trimagnetic Ensembles for Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Transverse Relaxivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:15281-15292. [PMID: 38989856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
An ensemble of nanosystems can be considered to improve magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) transverse relaxivity. Herein, an interacting superparamagnetic competing structure of an isotropic-anisotropic trimagnetic hybrid nanosystem, γ-Fe2O3@δ-MnO2@NiFe2O4, is considered for MRI relaxivity exploration. The interacting superparamagnetic system reveals fascinating dynamic magnetic behavior, where flower-shaped two-dimensional flakes are decorated over nanoparticles. The hybrid nanosystem exhibits modulated shape anisotropy with spin blocking and energy barrier broadening, which help in achieving faster MR transverse relaxivity. The hierarchical architecture ensemble of the trimagnetic landscape shows effective MR transverse relaxivity with a transverse (r2)/longitudinal (r1) relaxivity of 61.5 and potential cell viability. The competing trimagnetic system with regulated activation energy is found to be the underlying reason for such signal enhancement in MRI contrast efficiency. Hence, this study displays a novel pathway correlating MR transverse relaxivity with dynamic magnetic behavior and competing landscape of hierarchical trimagnetic ensembles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korobi Konwar
- Department of Physics, Tezpur University (Central University), Tezpur 784028, India
| | | | - Rituraj Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University (Central University), Tezpur 784028, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Som Datta Kaushik
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai Centre, R-5 Shed, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Peram Delli Babu
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai Centre, R-5 Shed, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Rupak Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University (Central University), Tezpur 784028, India
| | - Saurabh Lodha
- Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debasis Sen
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Pritam Deb
- Department of Physics, Tezpur University (Central University), Tezpur 784028, India
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Shahbazi R, Behbahani FK. Synthesis, modifications, and applications of iron-based nanoparticles. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-023-10801-9. [PMID: 38740610 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are appealing materials as assistant to resolve environmental pollution issues and as recyclable catalysts for the oxidative degradation of resistant contaminants. Moreover, they can significantly influence the advancement of medical applications for imaging, diagnostics, medication administration, and biosensing. On the other hand, due to unique features, excellent biocompatibility, high curie temperatures and low cytotoxicity of the Iron-based nanoparticles, they have received increasing attention in recent years. Using an external magnetic field, in which the ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) in the reaction mixtures can be easily removed, make them more efficient approach than the conventional method for separating the catalyst particles by centrifugation or filtration. Ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) provide various advantages in food processing, environmental issues, pharmaceutical industry, sample preparation, wastewater management, water purification, illness therapy, identification of disease, tissue engineering, and biosensor creation for healthcare monitoring. Modification of FMNPs with the proper functional groups and surface modification techniques play a significant role in boosting their capability. Due to flexibility of FMNPs in functionalization and synthesis, it is possible to make customized FMNPs that can be utilized in variety of applications. This review focuses on synthesis, modifications, and applications of Iron-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Shahbazi
- Department of Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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Advances in the Synthesis and Application of Magnetic Ferrite Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050937. [PMID: 35631523 PMCID: PMC9145864 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the leading causes of mortality globally, with nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. The emergence of nanotechnology has revolutionised treatment strategies in medicine, with rigorous research focusing on designing multi-functional nanoparticles (NPs) that are biocompatible, non-toxic, and target-specific. Iron-oxide-based NPs have been successfully employed in theranostics as imaging agents and drug delivery vehicles for anti-cancer treatment. Substituted iron-oxides (MFe2O4) have emerged as potential nanocarriers due to their unique and attractive properties such as size and magnetic tunability, ease of synthesis, and manipulatable properties. Current research explores their potential use in hyperthermia and as drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy. Significantly, there are considerations in applying iron-oxide-based NPs for enhanced biocompatibility, biodegradability, colloidal stability, lowered toxicity, and more efficient and targeted delivery. This review covers iron-oxide-based NPs in cancer therapy, focusing on recent research advances in the use of ferrites. Methods for the synthesis of cubic spinel ferrites and the requirements for their considerations as potential nanocarriers in cancer therapy are discussed. The review highlights surface modifications, where functionalisation with specific biomolecules can deliver better efficiency. Finally, the challenges and solutions for the use of ferrites in cancer therapy are summarised.
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Effect of dispersants on cytotoxic properties of magnetic nanoparticles: a review. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169082. [PMID: 34445784 PMCID: PMC8396516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders involve the slow and gradual degeneration of axons and neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in abnormalities in cellular function and eventual cellular demise. Patients with these disorders succumb to the high medical costs and the disruption of their normal lives. Current therapeutics employed for treating these diseases are deemed palliative. Hence, a treatment strategy that targets the disease's cause, not just the symptoms exhibited, is desired. The synergistic use of nanomedicine and gene therapy to effectively target the causative mutated gene/s in the CNS disease progression could provide the much-needed impetus in this battle against these diseases. This review focuses on Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, the gene/s and proteins responsible for the damage and death of neurons, and the importance of nanomedicine as a potential treatment strategy. Multiple genes were identified in this regard, each presenting with various mutations. Hence, genome-wide sequencing is essential for specific treatment in patients. While a cure is yet to be achieved, genomic studies form the basis for creating a highly efficacious nanotherapeutic that can eradicate these dreaded diseases. Thus, nanomedicine can lead the way in helping millions of people worldwide to eventually lead a better life.
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Ramnandan D, Mokhosi S, Daniels A, Singh M. Chitosan, Polyethylene Glycol and Polyvinyl Alcohol Modified MgFe 2O 4 Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles in Doxorubicin Delivery: A Comparative Study In Vitro. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133893. [PMID: 34202245 PMCID: PMC8271878 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-based magnetic theranostics has gained significant interest in recent years and can contribute as an influential archetype in the effective treatment of cancer. Owing to their excellent biocompatibility, minute sizes and reactive functional surface groups, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are being explored as potential drug delivery systems. In this study, MgFe2O4 ferrite MNPs were evaluated for their potential to augment the delivery of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). These MNPs were successfully synthesized by the glycol-thermal method and functionalized with the polymers; chitosan (CHI), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), respectively, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of the single-phase cubic spinel structures while vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis confirmed the superparamagnetic properties of all MNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) revealed small, compact structures with good colloidal stability. CHI-MNPs had the highest DOX encapsulation (84.28%), with the PVA-MNPs recording the lowest encapsulation efficiency (59.49%). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assays conducted in the human embryonic kidney (HEK293), colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), and breast adenocarcinoma (SKBR-3) cell lines showed that all the drug-free polymerized MNPs promoted cell survival, while the DOX loaded MNPs significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The DOX-CHI-MNPs possessed superior anticancer activity (<40% cell viability), with approximately 85.86% of the drug released after 72 h in a pH-responsive manner. These MNPs have shown good potential in enhancing drug delivery, thus warranting further optimizations and investigations.
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Mngadi S, Singh M, Mokhosi S. PVA coating of ferrite nanoparticles triggers pH-responsive release of 5-fluorouracil in cancer cells. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2020-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has transformed both diagnostics and therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment. Along with developing novel anti-cancer drugs with high therapeutic potential, researchers are exploring innovative strategies for more targeted delivery in order to alleviate the associated potent side effects. In this study, we describe the synthesis of Mg0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles, their functionalisation with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and encapsulation of the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Functionalised nanoparticles viz. PVA-Mg0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 -5-FU displayed desirable physiochemical properties with regards to the spherical shape, hydrodynamic sizes of <120 nm and relative colloidal stability of up to <−33 mV. The drug encapsulating efficiency was found to be 68%. In vitro cytotoxicity profiles were determined using the MTT and SRB assays, with >65% cell death recorded in MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cell lines. Overall, the nanocomposites exhibited excellent physiochemical elements, high specificity towards cancerous cells and displayed pH-sensitive drug release in a simulated acidic tumour micro-environment. The encapsulation of 5-FU improved bioavailability of the drug in cancer cell lines for a prolonged duration, with the promise to enhance its therapeutic effect, biocompatibility and safety. These MNPs present as promising in vitro delivery systems that can be further developed for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanele Mngadi
- Discipline of Biochemistry , University of Kwazulu-Natal , Private Bag X54001 , Durban , South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Discipline of Biochemistry , University of Kwazulu-Natal , Private Bag X54001 , Durban , South Africa
| | - Seipati Mokhosi
- Discipline of Biochemistry , University of Kwazulu-Natal , Private Bag X54001 , Durban , South Africa
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Nathanael AJ, Oh TH. Biopolymer Coatings for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3061. [PMID: 33371349 PMCID: PMC7767366 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymer coatings exhibit outstanding potential in various biomedical applications, due to their flexible functionalization. In this review, we have discussed the latest developments in biopolymer coatings on various substrates and nanoparticles for improved tissue engineering and drug delivery applications, and summarized the latest research advancements. Polymer coatings are used to modify surface properties to satisfy certain requirements or include additional functionalities for different biomedical applications. Additionally, polymer coatings with different inorganic ions may facilitate different functionalities, such as cell proliferation, tissue growth, repair, and delivery of biomolecules, such as growth factors, active molecules, antimicrobial agents, and drugs. This review primarily focuses on specific polymers for coating applications and different polymer coatings for increased functionalization. We aim to provide broad overview of latest developments in the various kind of biopolymer coatings for biomedical applications, in order to highlight the most important results in the literatures, and to offer a potential outline for impending progress and perspective. Some key polymer coatings were discussed in detail. Further, the use of polymer coatings on nanomaterials for biomedical applications has also been discussed, and the latest research results have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tae Hwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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Habib S, Ariatti M, Singh M. Anti- c-myc RNAi-Based Onconanotherapeutics. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E612. [PMID: 33333729 PMCID: PMC7765184 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the c-myc proto-oncogene features prominently in most human cancers. Early studies established that inhibiting the expression of oncogenic c-myc, produced potent anti-cancer effects. This gave rise to the notion that an appropriate c-myc silencing agent might provide a broadly applicable and more effective form of cancer treatment than is currently available. The endogenous mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi), through which small RNA molecules induce gene silencing by binding to complementary mRNA transcripts, represents an attractive avenue for c-myc inhibition. However, the development of a clinically viable, anti-c-myc RNAi-based platform is largely dependent upon the design of an appropriate carrier of the effector nucleic acids. To date, organic and inorganic nanoparticles were assessed both in vitro and in vivo, as carriers of small interfering RNA (siRNA), DICER-substrate siRNA (DsiRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression plasmids, directed against the c-myc oncogene. We review here the various anti-c-myc RNAi-based nanosystems that have come to the fore, especially between 2005 and 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moganavelli Singh
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag, Durban X54001, South Africa; (S.H.); (M.A.)
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