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Colfer L, Bagués N, Noor-A-Alam M, Schmidt M, Nolan M, McComb DW, Keeney L. Tilting and Distortion in the Multiferroic Aurivillius Phase Bi 6Ti 3Fe 1.5Mn 0.5O 18. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:5474-5486. [PMID: 38883432 PMCID: PMC11170937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Aurivillius structured Bi6Ti3Fe1.5Mn0.5O18 (B6TFMO) has emerged as a rare room temperature multiferroic, exhibiting reversible magnetoelectric switching of ferroelectric domains under cycled magnetic fields. This layered oxide presents exceptional avenues for advancing data storage technologies owing to its distinctive ferroelectric and ferrimagnetic characteristics. Despite its immense potential, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving multiferroic behavior remains elusive. Herein, we employ atomic resolution electron microscopy to elucidate the interplay of octahedral tilting and atomic-level structural distortions within B6TFMO, associating these phenomena with functional properties. Fundamental electronic features at varying bonding environments within this complex system are scrutinized using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), revealing that the electronic nature of the Ti4+ cations within perovskite BO6 octahedra is influenced by position within the Aurivillius structure. Layer-by-layer EELS analysis shows an ascending crystal field splitting (Δ) trend from outer to center perovskite layers, with an average increase in Δ of 0.13 ± 0.06 eV. Density functional theory calculations, supported by atomic resolution polarization vector mapping of B-site cations, underscore the correlation between the evolving nature of Ti4+ cations, the extent of tetragonal distortion and ferroelectric behavior. Integrated differential phase contrast imaging unveils the position of light oxygen atoms in B6TFMO for the first time, exposing an escalating degree of octahedral tilting toward the center layers, which competes with the magnitude of BO6 tetragonal distortion. The observed octahedral tilting, influenced by B-site cation arrangement, is deemed crucial for juxtaposing magnetic cations and establishing long-range ferrimagnetic order in multiferroic B6TFMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Colfer
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Núria Bagués
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United States
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mohammad Noor-A-Alam
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Michael Nolan
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - David W McComb
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United States
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lynette Keeney
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork T12 R5CP, Ireland
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Xu S, Wang J, Chen P, Jin K, Ma C, Wu S, Guo E, Ge C, Wang C, Xu X, Yao H, Wang J, Xie D, Wang X, Chang K, Bai X, Yang G. Magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroics probed by optical second harmonic generation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2274. [PMID: 37080982 PMCID: PMC10119081 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetoelectric coupling, as a fundamental physical nature and with the potential to add functionality to devices while also reducing energy consumption, has been challenging to be probed in freestanding membranes or two-dimensional materials due to their instability and fragility. In this paper, we report a magnetoelectric coupling probed by optical second harmonic generation with external magnetic field, and show the manipulation of the ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic orders by the magnetic and thermal fields in BiFeO3 films epitaxially grown on the substrates and in the freestanding ones. Here we define an optical magnetoelectric-coupling constant, denoting the ability of controlling light-induced nonlinear polarization by the magnetic field, and found the magnetoelectric-coupling was suppressed by strain releasing but remain robust against thermal fluctuation for freestanding BiFeO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jiesu Wang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Kuijuan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, 523808, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Cheng Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyao Wu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Erjia Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Can Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, 523808, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiulai Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbao Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Donggang Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Chang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, 523808, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guozhen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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Banoth P, Sohan A, Kandula C, Kanaka RK, Kollu P. Microwave-Assisted Solvothermal Route for One-Step Synthesis of Pure Phase Bismuth Ferrite Microflowers with Improved Magnetic and Dielectric Properties. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12910-12921. [PMID: 35474769 PMCID: PMC9026013 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The prototypical plum-free, one-phase multiferric ferrite BiFeO3 (BFO) is solid, parallel, with a high ferroelectric Curie temperature and Neel temperature and antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric propagation. This work aims to synthesize pure-phase BFO in the quickest possible way. We followed the microwave-assisted solvothermal (MWAST) method to achieve pure-phase BFO in the shortest duration of 3 min. The experiment involves simple optimizations with KOH concentration and microwave power levels. The surface morphology along with magnetic properties of BFO synthesized via the MWAST method are altered with varying KOH concentrations and microwave (MW) power levels. Our X-ray diffraction findings reveal that the pure-phase BFO is formed at 800 W MW power, and the structural characterizations like transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis have displayed the formation of uniformly distributed spherical microflowers of pure-phase BFO exhibiting a single-crystalline nature. Besides, the magnetic measurements affirmed a reliable weak ferromagnetic behavior (magnetization ∼1.25 emu/g) in BFO synthesized at 800 W MW power. In addition, good dielectric behavior with low dielectric loss was accompanied by frequency-dependent dielectric studies indicating an excellent frequency response of the material, and also the room-temperature ferroelectric properties were studied using a ferroelectric analyzer. The polarization of pure-phase BFO increases with the applied electric field and exhibits unsaturated polarization-electric field loops due to leakage current. Moreover, the Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the synthesized material has indicated the pure-phase BFO, and the Raman data have elucidated the vibrational modes of BFO. Further, the analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data has confirmed the presence of fewer Fe2+ ions and oxygen vacancies in the pure-phase BFO. Therefore, the collective characterizations and detailed analysis of BFO material have revealed the uniqueness of the MWAST method in producing the pure-phase BFO in 3 min with improved magnetic and dielectric properties, and hence the BFO synthesized via the MWAST method can be a potential candidate for multiferroic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravallika Banoth
- School
of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Arya Sohan
- School
of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Chinna Kandula
- School
of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Kanaka
- School
of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Pratap Kollu
- School
of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
- CASEST,
School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
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Leng K, Xia W, Tang Q, Yang L, Xie Y, Wu Z, Yi K, Zhu X. Structural, dielectric, magnetic and optical properties of double perovskite oxide Sm 2NiMnO 6nanoparticles synthesized by a sol-gel process. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:285703. [PMID: 33827071 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abf59f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here we report on the structural, dielectric, magnetic and optical properties of double perovskite Sm2NiMnO6(SNMO) nanoparticles synthesized by a sol-gel method. Structural Reitveld refinements on x-ray powder diffraction data revealed that the SNMO nanoparticles crystallized in a monoclinic crystal structure withP21/nspace group. SEM and (HR)TEM images revealed the phase purity and single-crystalline nature of the SNMO nanoparticles. XPS spectra confirmed the presence of Sm3+, Ni2+and Mn4+ions in the SNMO nanoparticles and oxygen in the forms of lattice oxygen and the hydroxyls species. SNMO ceramics exhibited relaxor-type dielectric behavior, well fitted by modified Curie-Weiss law. Such dielectric behavior originated from the interactions of random dipoles arisen from the B-site cations disorder accompanied with the variations in local electric fields and local strain fields due to the different radii of B-site cations, and/or the virtual electrons hopping between the Ni2+and Mn4+cations. Magnetic data demonstrate the variations of the magnetic transitions at low temperatures and the spin glass-like behavior below 11 K, which is attributed to the spin fluctuations induced by the competing interactions between the ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic phases. Large positive Curie-Weiss temperature (θp) indicates the dominant FM super-exchange interactions in the SNMO samples. The SNMO nanoparticles have a direct optical band gap of 1.42 eV, close to 1.34 eV in a single junction solar cell. That enables the SNMO nanoparticles to be useful for solar cell absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Leng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiren Xia
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingkai Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Xie
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Yi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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