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Burger L, Conzelmann A, Ulrich S, Mozaffari-Jovein H. Process Development of a Generative Method for Partial and Controlled Integration of Active Substances into Open-Porous Matrix Structures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6985. [PMID: 37959583 PMCID: PMC10647568 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
A special generative manufacturing (AM) process was developed for the partial integration of active ingredients into open-porous matrix structures. A mixture of a silver-containing solution as an antibacterial material with an alginate hydrogel as a carrier system was produced as the active ingredient. The AM process developed was used to introduce the active ingredient solution into an open-porous niobium containing a β-titanium matrix structure, thus creating a reproducible active ingredient delivery system. The matrix structure had already been produced in a separate AM process by means of selective laser melting (SLM). The main advantage of this process is the ability to control porosity with high precision. To determine optimal surface conditions for the integration of active ingredients into the matrix structure, different surface conditions of the titanium substrate were tested for their impact on wetting behaviour of a silver-containing hydrogel solution. The solution-substrate contact angle was measured and evaluated to determine the most favourable surface condition. To develop the generative manufacturing process, an FDM printer underwent modifications that permitted partial application of the drug solution to the structure in accordance with the bioprinting principle. The modified process enabled flexible control and programming of both the position and volume of the applied drug. Furthermore, the process was able to fill up to 95% of the titanium matrix body pore volume used. The customised application of drug carriers onto implants as a drug delivery system can be achieved via the developed process, providing an alternative to established methods like dip coating that lack this capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Burger
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Tuttlingen (IWAT), Campus Tuttlingen, Furtwangen University, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany
- Institute for Applied Materials-Applied Materials Physics (IAM-AWP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Achim Conzelmann
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Tuttlingen (IWAT), Campus Tuttlingen, Furtwangen University, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany
- Institute for Applied Materials-Applied Materials Physics (IAM-AWP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sven Ulrich
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Tuttlingen (IWAT), Campus Tuttlingen, Furtwangen University, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany
- Institute for Applied Materials-Applied Materials Physics (IAM-AWP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hadi Mozaffari-Jovein
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Tuttlingen (IWAT), Campus Tuttlingen, Furtwangen University, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Zhai S, Tian Y, Shi X, Liu Y, You J, Yang Z, Wu Y, Chu S. Overview of strategies to improve the antibacterial property of dental implants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1267128. [PMID: 37829564 PMCID: PMC10565119 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1267128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of peri-implant diseases and the unsatisfactory results of conventional treatment are causing great concern to patients and medical staff. The effective removal of plaque which is one of the key causes of peri-implant disease from the surface of implants has become one of the main problems to be solved urgently in the field of peri-implant disease prevention and treatment. In recent years, with the advancement of materials science and pharmacology, a lot of research has been conducted to enhance the implant antimicrobial properties, including the addition of antimicrobial coatings on the implant surface, the adjustment of implant surface topography, and the development of new implant materials, and significant progress has been made in various aspects. Antimicrobial materials have shown promising applications in the prevention of peri-implant diseases, but meanwhile, there are some shortcomings, which leads to the lack of clinical widespread use of antimicrobial materials. This paper summarizes the research on antimicrobial materials applied to implants in recent years and presents an outlook on the future development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shunli Chu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Chevallier P, Wiggers HJ, Copes F, Zorzi Bueno C, Mantovani D. Prolonged Antibacterial Activity in Tannic Acid-Iron Complexed Chitosan Films for Medical Device Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:484. [PMID: 36770445 PMCID: PMC9919247 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a global burden, leading to significant mortality and generating financial costs. One important cause of HAIs is the microbiological contamination of implantable medical devices. In this context, a novel antimicrobial drug-eluting system, based on chitosan and loaded with gentamicin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, was developed. The effects of the addition of tannic acid and different FeSO4 concentrations on the loaded antibiotic release were evaluated. The properties of the films were assessed in terms of thickness, swelling, mass loss and wettability. The films' surface composition was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The antibiotic release in phosphate buffer saline was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the antibacterial activity was evaluated. Hemolysis and cytotoxicity were also assessed. The results showed that the addition of tannic acid and iron decreased the swelling degree and degradation due to strong interactions between the different components, thus impacting gentamicin release for up to 35 days. In conclusion, this study presents a novel strategy to produce low-cost and biocompatible antimicrobial drug-eluting systems with sustained and prolonged antibacterial activity over more than a month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Chevallier
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (LBB-UL), Canada Research Chair Tier I, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & CHU de Quebec Research Center, Division Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Helton José Wiggers
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (LBB-BPK), Associação de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão BIOPARK, Max Planck Avenue, 3797, Building Charles Darwin, Toledo 85919-899, PR, Brazil
| | - Francesco Copes
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (LBB-UL), Canada Research Chair Tier I, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & CHU de Quebec Research Center, Division Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Cecilia Zorzi Bueno
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (LBB-BPK), Associação de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão BIOPARK, Max Planck Avenue, 3797, Building Charles Darwin, Toledo 85919-899, PR, Brazil
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (LBB-UL), Canada Research Chair Tier I, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & CHU de Quebec Research Center, Division Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V0A6, Canada
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (LBB-BPK), Associação de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão BIOPARK, Max Planck Avenue, 3797, Building Charles Darwin, Toledo 85919-899, PR, Brazil
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Kapusta O, Jarosz A, Stadnik K, Giannakoudakis DA, Barczyński B, Barczak M. Antimicrobial Natural Hydrogels in Biomedicine: Properties, Applications, and Challenges-A Concise Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2191. [PMID: 36768513 PMCID: PMC9917233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural hydrogels are widely used as biomedical materials in many areas, including drug delivery, tissue scaffolds, and particularly wound dressings, where they can act as an antimicrobial factor lowering the risk of microbial infections, which are serious health problems, especially with respect to wound healing. In this review article, a number of promising strategies in the development of hydrogels with biocidal properties, particularly those originating from natural polymers, are briefly summarized and concisely discussed. Common strategies to design and fabricate hydrogels with intrinsic or stimuli-triggered antibacterial activity are exemplified, and the mechanisms lying behind these properties are also discussed. Finally, practical antibacterial applications are also considered while discussing the current challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Kapusta
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Jarosz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stadnik
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20031 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Bartłomiej Barczyński
- 1st Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University in Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Barczak
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20031 Lublin, Poland
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Recent Advancements in Metallic Drug-Eluting Implants. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010223. [PMID: 36678852 PMCID: PMC9862589 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, metallic drug-eluting implants have gained significance in orthopedic and dental applications for controlled drug release, specifically for preventing infection associated with implants. Recent studies showed that metallic implants loaded with drugs were substituted for conventional bare metal implants to achieve sustained and controlled drug release, resulting in a desired local therapeutic concentration. A number of secondary features can be provided by the incorporated active molecules, including the promotion of osteoconduction and angiogenesis, the inhibition of bacterial invasion, and the modulation of host body reaction. This paper reviews recent trends in the development of the metallic drug-eluting implants with various drug delivery systems in the past three years. There are various types of drug-eluting implants that have been developed to meet this purpose, depending on the drug or agents that have been loaded on them. These include anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics agents, growth factors, and anti-resorptive drugs.
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Metabolic Conditions and Peri-Implantitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010065. [PMID: 36671266 PMCID: PMC9854649 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implants to replace lost teeth are a common dentistry practice nowadays. Titanium dental implants display a high success rate and improved safety profile. Nevertheless, there is an increasing peri-implantitis (PI), an inflammatory disease associated with polymicrobial infection that adversely affects the hard and soft tissues around the implant. The present review highlights the contribution of different metabolic conditions to PI. The considerations of both local and systemic metabolic conditions are crucial for planning successful dental implant procedures and during the treatment course of PI. Un- or undertreated PI can lead to permanent jaw bone suffering and dental implant losses. The common mediators of PI are inflammation and oxidative stress, which are also the key mediators of most systemic metabolic disorders. Chronic periodontitis, low-grade tissue inflammation, and increased oxidative stress raise the incidence of PI and the underlying systemic metabolic conditions, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, or harmful lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, etc.). Using dental biomaterials with antimicrobial effects could partly solve the problem of pathogenic microbial contamination and local inflammation. With local dentistry considering factors, including oral microbiota and implant quality control, the inclusion of the underlying systemic metabolic conditions into the pre-procedure planning and during the treatment course should improve the chances of successful outcomes.
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Akshaya S, Rowlo PK, Dukle A, Nathanael AJ. Antibacterial Coatings for Titanium Implants: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121719. [PMID: 36551376 PMCID: PMC9774638 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are widely used as implant materials for biomedical devices owing to their high mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance. However, there is a significant rise in implant-associated infections (IAIs) leading to revision surgeries, which are more complicated than the original replacement surgery. To reduce the risk of infections, numerous antibacterial agents, e.g., bioactive compounds, metal ions, nanoparticles, antimicrobial peptides, polymers, etc., have been incorporated on the surface of the titanium implant. Various coating methods and surface modification techniques, e.g., micro-arc oxidation (MAO), layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), anodization, magnetron sputtering, and spin coating, are exploited in the race to create a biocompatible, antibacterial titanium implant surface that can simultaneously promote tissue integration around the implant. The nature and surface morphology of implant coatings play an important role in bacterial inhibition and drug delivery. Surface modification of titanium implants with nanostructured materials, such as titanium nanotubes, enhances bone regeneration. Antimicrobial peptides loaded with antibiotics help to achieve sustained drug release and reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. Additive manufacturing of patient-specific porous titanium implants will have a clear future direction in the development of antimicrobial titanium implants. In this review, a brief overview of the different types of coatings that are used to prevent implant-associated infections and the applications of 3D printing in the development of antibacterial titanium implants is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Akshaya
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
- School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Rowlo
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
- School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Amey Dukle
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
- School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - A. Joseph Nathanael
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
- Correspondence:
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Doolan JA, Williams GT, Hilton KLF, Chaudhari R, Fossey JS, Goult BT, Hiscock JR. Advancements in antimicrobial nanoscale materials and self-assembling systems. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8696-8755. [PMID: 36190355 PMCID: PMC9575517 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00915j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is directly responsible for more deaths per year than either HIV/AIDS or malaria and is predicted to incur a cumulative societal financial burden of at least $100 trillion between 2014 and 2050. Already heralded as one of the greatest threats to human health, the onset of the coronavirus pandemic has accelerated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacterial infections due to factors including increased global antibiotic/antimicrobial use. Thus an urgent need for novel therapeutics to combat what some have termed the 'silent pandemic' is evident. This review acts as a repository of research and an overview of the novel therapeutic strategies being developed to overcome antimicrobial resistance, with a focus on self-assembling systems and nanoscale materials. The fundamental mechanisms of action, as well as the key advantages and disadvantages of each system are discussed, and attention is drawn to key examples within each field. As a result, this review provides a guide to the further design and development of antimicrobial systems, and outlines the interdisciplinary techniques required to translate this fundamental research towards the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Doolan
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK.
| | - George T Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Kira L F Hilton
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Rajas Chaudhari
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - John S Fossey
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK.
| | - Jennifer R Hiscock
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
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Biocompatibility of 3D-printed PLA, PEEK and PETG: Adhesion of Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Lavage Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193958. [PMID: 36235903 PMCID: PMC9571806 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Samples in the form of cylindrical plates, additively manufactured using the fused deposition modelling (or filament freeform fabrication, FDM/FFF) technology from polylactide (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK), were studied in series of in-vitro experiments on the adhesion of rat bone-marrow cells and rat peritoneal cells. Methods of estimation of the absolute number of cells and polymer samples’ mass change were used for the evaluation of cells adhesion, followed by the evaluation of cell-culture supernatants. The results of experiments for both types of cells demonstrated a statistically significant change in the absolute number of cells (variation from 44 to 119%) and the weight of the polymer samples (variation from 0.61 to 2.18%), depending on roughness of sample surface, controlled by a nozzle diameter of a 3D printer as well as printing layer height. It was found that more cells adhere to PLA samples with a larger nozzle diameter and layer height. For PETG samples, the results did not show a clear relationship between cell adhesion and printing parameters. For PEEK samples, on the contrary, adhesion to samples printed with a lower nozzle diameter (higher resolution) is better than to samples printed with a larger nozzle diameter (lower resolution). The difference in results for various polymers can be explained by their chemical structure.
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Negut I, Ristoscu C, Tozar T, Dinu M, Parau AC, Grumezescu V, Hapenciuc C, Popa M, Stan MS, Marutescu L, Mihailescu IN, Chifiriuc MC. Implant Surfaces Containing Bioglasses and Ciprofloxacin as Platforms for Bone Repair and Improved Resistance to Microbial Colonization. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061175. [PMID: 35745748 PMCID: PMC9227520 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coatings are an attractive and challenging selection for improving the bioperformance of metallic devices. Composite materials based on bioglass/antibiotic/polymer are herein proposed as multifunctional thin films for hard tissue implants. We deposited a thin layer of the polymeric material by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation—MAPLE onto Ti substrates. A second layer consisting of bioglass + antibiotic was applied by MAPLE onto the initial thin film. The antimicrobial activity of MAPLE-deposited thin films was evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa standard strains. The biocompatibility of obtained thin films was assessed on mouse osteoblast-like cells. The results of our study revealed that the laser-deposited coatings are biocompatible and resistant to microbial colonization and biofilm formation. Accordingly, they can be considered viable candidates for biomedical devices and contact surfaces that would otherwise be amenable to contact transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Negut
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (I.N.); (T.T.); (V.G.); (C.H.); (I.N.M.)
| | - Carmen Ristoscu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (I.N.); (T.T.); (V.G.); (C.H.); (I.N.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tatiana Tozar
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (I.N.); (T.T.); (V.G.); (C.H.); (I.N.M.)
- Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihaela Dinu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics-INOE2000, 409 Atomistilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.D.); (A.C.P.)
| | - Anca Constantina Parau
- National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics-INOE2000, 409 Atomistilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.D.); (A.C.P.)
| | - Valentina Grumezescu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (I.N.); (T.T.); (V.G.); (C.H.); (I.N.M.)
| | - Claudiu Hapenciuc
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (I.N.); (T.T.); (V.G.); (C.H.); (I.N.M.)
| | - Marcela Popa
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 077206 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Miruna Silvia Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.S.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Luminita Marutescu
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 077206 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Ion N. Mihailescu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (I.N.); (T.T.); (V.G.); (C.H.); (I.N.M.)
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.S.); (M.C.C.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Aleea Portocalelor Str. 1-3, District 5, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Scientists, 3 Ilfov Str., District 5, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
- The Romanian Academy, Calea Victoriei 25, District 1, 010071 Bucharest, Romania
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An innovative layer-by-layer coated titanium hydroxide-(gentamicin-polydopamine) as a hybrid drug delivery platform. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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