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Mohapatra RAB, Mhaskar CM, Sahu MC, Sahoo S, Roy Chaudhuri A. Neuromorphic learning and recognition in WO 3-xthin film-based forming-free flexible electronic synapses. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:455702. [PMID: 39127053 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad6dce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In pursuing advanced neuromorphic applications, this study introduces the successful engineering of a flexible electronic synapse based on WO3-x, structured as W/WO3-x/Pt/Muscovite-Mica. This artificial synapse is designed to emulate crucial learning behaviors fundamental to in-memory computing. We systematically explore synaptic plasticity dynamics by implementing pulse measurements capturing potentiation and depression traits akin to biological synapses under flat and different bending conditions, thereby highlighting its potential suitability for flexible electronic applications. The findings demonstrate that the memristor accurately replicates essential properties of biological synapses, including short-term plasticity (STP), long-term plasticity (LTP), and the intriguing transition from STP to LTP. Furthermore, other variables are investigated, such as paired-pulse facilitation, spike rate-dependent plasticity, spike time-dependent plasticity, pulse duration-dependent plasticity, and pulse amplitude-dependent plasticity. Utilizing data from flat and differently bent synapses, neural network simulations for pattern recognition tasks using the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology dataset reveal a high recognition accuracy of ∼95% with a fast learning speed that requires only 15 epochs to reach saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mousam Charan Sahu
- Laboratory for Low Dimensional Materials, Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Satyaprakash Sahoo
- Laboratory for Low Dimensional Materials, Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Ayan Roy Chaudhuri
- Material Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Wang Y, Guo D, Jiang J, Wang H, Shang Y, Zheng J, Huang R, Li W, Wang S. Element Regulation and Dimensional Engineering Co-Optimization of Perovskite Memristors for Synaptic Plasticity Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38422456 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Capitalizing on rapid carrier migration characteristics and outstanding photoelectric conversion performance, halide perovskite memristors demonstrate an exceptional resistive switching performance. However, they have consistently faced constraints due to material stability issues. This study systematically employs elemental modulation and dimension engineering to effectively control perovskite memristors with different dimensions and A-site elements. Compared to pure 3D and 2D perovskites, the quasi-2D perovskite memristor, specifically BA0.15MA0.85PbI3, is identified as the optimal choice through observations of resistive switching (HRS current < 10-5 A, ON/OFF ratio > 103, endurance cycles > 1000, and retention time > 104 s) and synaptic plasticity characteristics. Subsequently, a comprehensive investigation into various synaptic plasticity aspects, including paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), spike-variability-dependent plasticity (SVDP), spike-rate-dependent plasticity (SRDP), and spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), is conducted. Practical applications, such as memory-forgetting-memory and recognition of the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) database handwritten data set (accuracy rate reaching 94.8%), are explored and successfully realized. This article provides good theoretical guidance for synaptic-like simulation in perovskite memristors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Dingyun Guo
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Junyu Jiang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hexin Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yueyang Shang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Ruixi Huang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Shaoxi Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Zhang Q, Jiang Q, Fan F, Liu G, Chen Y, Zhang B. MoS 2 Quantum Dot-Optimized Conductive Channels for a Conjugated Polymer-Based Synaptic Memristor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59630-59642. [PMID: 38103041 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor-type conjugated polymers are widely used in memristors due to their unique push-pull electron structures and charge transfer mechanisms. However, the inherently inhomogeneous microstructure of polymer films and their low crystallinity produce randomness that destabilizes formed conductive channels, giving polymer-based memristors unstable switching behavior. In this contribution, we prepared a synaptic device based on PM6-MoS2 QD (molybdenum disulfide quantum dot) nanocomposites. In the composites, MoS2 QDs provided the active centers for forming conductive channels via electron trapping and detrapping. They also controlled the directional formation of conductive channels between PM6 and MoS2 QDs, reducing randomness and giving devices a narrow switching voltage range and cycling longevity. The device exhibited continuous multistage conductance states under a direct current voltage sweep and simulated a variety of synaptic functions, including long-term potentiation, long-term depression, short-term potentiation, short-term depression, paired-pulse facilitation, spiking-rate-dependent plasticity, and "learning experience" behavior. The memristor could also perform arithmetic, including "counting" and "subtraction" operations. This work provides a new approach to improving the performance of memristors for neuromorphic computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qizhi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fei Fan
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai i-Reader Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Li J, Gong M, Wang X, Fan F, Zhang B. Triphenylamine-Based Helical Polymer for Flexible Memristors. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:391. [PMID: 37754142 PMCID: PMC10526500 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible nonvolatile memristors have potential applications in wearable devices. In this work, a helical polymer, poly (N, N-diphenylanline isocyanide) (PPIC), was synthesized as the active layer, and flexible electronic devices with an Al/PPIC/ITO architecture were prepared on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The device showed typical nonvolatile rewritable memristor characteristics. The high-molecular-weight helical structure stabilized the active layer under different bending degrees, bending times, and number of bending cycles. The memristor was further employed to simulate the information transmission capability of neural fibers, providing new perspectives for the development of flexible wearable memristors and biomimetic neural synapses. This demonstration highlights the promising possibilities for the advancement of artificial intelligence skin and intelligent flexible robots in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Minglei Gong
- Shanghai i-Reader Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Material, Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541200, China
| | - Fei Fan
- Shanghai i-Reader Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Kou L, Ye N, Waheed A, Auliya RZ, Wu C, Ooi PC, Li F. High sensitivity and wide response range artificial synapse based on polyimide with embedded graphene quantum dots. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8194. [PMID: 37210533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial electronic synapses are commonly used to simulate biological synapses to realize various learning functions, regarded as one of the key technologies in the next generation of neurological computation. This work used a simple spin coating technique to fabricate polyimide (PI):graphene quantum dots(GQDs) memristor structure. As a result, the devices exhibit remarkably stable exponentially decaying postsynaptic suppression current over time, as interpreted in the spike-timing-dependent plasticity phenomenon. Furthermore, with the increase of the applied electrical signal over time, the conductance of the electrical synapse gradually changes, and the electronic synapse also shows plasticity dependence on the amplitude and frequency of the pulse applied. In particular, the devices with the structure of Ag/PI:GQDs/ITO prepared in this study can produce a stable response to the stimulation of electrical signals between millivolt to volt, showing not only high sensitivity but also a wide range of "feelings", which makes the electronic synapses take a step forwards to emulate biological synapses. Meanwhile, the electronic conduction mechanisms of the device are also studied and expounded in detail. The findings in this work lay a foundation for developing brain-like neuromorphic modeling in artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Kou
- School of Computing and Information Sciences, Fuzhou Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, 350506, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nan Ye
- School of Computing and Information Sciences, Fuzhou Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, 350506, People's Republic of China
| | - Anjam Waheed
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rahmat Zaki Auliya
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chaoxing Wu
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Poh Choon Ooi
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Fushan Li
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
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Kim D, Lee HJ, Yang TJ, Choi WS, Kim C, Choi SJ, Bae JH, Kim DM, Kim S, Kim DH. Compact SPICE Model of Memristor with Barrier Modulated Considering Short- and Long-Term Memory Characteristics by IGZO Oxygen Content. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1630. [PMID: 36295983 PMCID: PMC9610060 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces a compact SPICE model of a two-terminal memory with a Pd/Ti/IGZO/p+-Si structure. In this paper, short- and long-term components are systematically separated and applied in each model. Such separations are conducted by the applied bias and oxygen flow rate (OFR) during indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) deposition. The short- and long-term components in the potentiation and depression curves are modeled by considering the process (OFR of IGZO) and bias conditions. The compact SPICE model with the physical mechanism of SiO2 modulation is introduced, which can be useful for optimizing the specification of memristor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donguk Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Hee Jun Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Tae Jun Yang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Woo Sik Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Changwook Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Bae
- School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Dong Myong Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
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