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Shao Y, Wang Y, Yang F, Du C, Zhu J, Ran Y, Bao Q, Shan Y, Zhang W. Sodium Silicate/Urea/Melamine Ternary Synergistic Waterborne Acrylic Acid Flame-Retardant Coating and Its Flame-Retardant Mechanism. Molecules 2024; 29:1472. [PMID: 38611752 PMCID: PMC11013455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Waterborne acrylic coatings, the largest market share of predominant environmentally friendly coatings, face limitations in their extensive application due to their flammability. The flame-retardant properties of the coatings could be significantly enhanced by incorporate inorganic flame retardants. However, inorganic flame retardants tend to aggregate and unevenly disperse in waterborne acrylic coatings, causing a substantial decrease in flame retardancy. In this work, sodium silicate was utilized as a flame retardant, with urea and melamine serving as modifiers and synergistic agents. This combination resulted in the preparation of a sodium silicate/urea/melamine ternary synergistic waterborne acrylic flame-retardant coating. This coating was applied to the surface of poplar veneer to create flame-retardant poplar veneer. Subsequently, various instruments, including a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a limiting oxygen index meter (LOI), a thermogravimetric analyzer (TG), and a cone calorimeter (CONE), were employed to investigate the relevant properties and mechanisms of both the flame-retardant coating and poplar veneer. The results demonstrated that the sodium silicate/urea/melamine ternary synergistic flame retardant did not exhibit aggregation and could be uniformly dispersed in waterborne acrylic coatings. The physical and mechanical properties of the ternary synergistic flame-retardant poplar veneer coating were satisfactory. Melamine and urea, acting as modifiers, not only greatly enhanced the dispersibility of sodium silicate in waterborne acrylic coatings, but also assisted in the formation of a silicon-containing char layer through the generation of nitrogen, achieving ternary synergistic flame retardancy. In conclusion, this work explores a novel method to efficiently and uniformly disperse inorganic flame retardants in organic coatings. It significantly improves the dispersibility and uniformity of inorganic flame retardants in organic polymers, thereby substantially enhancing the flame-retardant performance of coatings. This work provides a theoretical basis for the research and application of new flame-retardant coatings in the field of chemistry and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Shao
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (Y.R.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Yuting Wang
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (Y.R.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Fei Yang
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (Y.R.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Chungui Du
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (Y.R.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (Y.R.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Ying Ran
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (Y.R.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Qichao Bao
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (Y.R.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Yingying Shan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (Y.R.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
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Wang J, Fang K, Liu X, Zhang S, Fang L, Xing E, Wang T. Preparation of multifunctional cellulose macromolecule blended fabrics through internal and external synergy by N 1, N 6-bis (ethylene oxide-2-ylmethyl) hexane-1,6-diamine. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129804. [PMID: 38296151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
With the diversification of people's demand for textile functions, the preparation of multifunctional fabrics is still a current research hotspot. In this study, the water-soluble epoxy compound N1, N6-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl) hexane-1,6-diamine (EH) was introduced into cellulose macromolecule blended fabrics (cotton/modal) by two-phase vaporization technique, resulting in excellent wrinkle, hydrophobicity, and certain UV protection effects. It could be observed by electron microscopy that EH formed a polymer film on the fiber surface. In addition, the results of EDS scans and fiber swelling rate tests showed that EH was uniformly distributed and formed a cross-linked structure in the amorphous zones inside the fibers. Compared with the control fabrics, the wrinkle recovery angle of the EH-treated fabric was increased by 39.7 %. The fabrics could reach a contact angle of 136.9°, providing excellent hydrophobic effect. In addition, the fabrics achieved certain UV protection effects (UPF of 50+). The EH-treated fabrics were less stabilized in strong acid and alkali conditions, but exhibited greater durability in other environments. In summary, the internal and external synergistic effects of EH in forming polymer films on the fibers surface and internal cross-linking structures provided a cleaner, simple, and feasible method for the preparation of multifunctional cellulose macromolecule fibers textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkun Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 BinShuiXi Road, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Kuanjun Fang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 BinShuiXi Road, Tianjin 300387, China; College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory for Biofibers and Eco-textiles, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Textile Materials for Healthcare, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-textiles of Shandong Province, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; University Laboratory for Low Carbon and Functional Textiles of Shandong Province, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiuming Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 BinShuiXi Road, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Textile and Clothing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong 253023, China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 BinShuiXi Road, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Enzheng Xing
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 BinShuiXi Road, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Tianning Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 BinShuiXi Road, Tianjin 300387, China
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Yu M, Li X, Tan X, Chen X. Fluorine-free preparation of a superhydrophobic coating with anti-icing properties, mechanical durability and self-cleaning effect. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:766-775. [PMID: 36625158 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01265k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic materials have become a feasible choice to solve related difficult problems because of their excellent anti-icing, anti-corrosion, and self-cleaning characteristics. In this work, a superhydrophobic hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)/SiO2 coating is prepared using an efficient, fluorine-free method for the anti-icing application of transmission line insulators and other similar material surfaces. The water contact angle (WCA) of the coating is 161°, and the slide angle (SA) is less than 1°. The coating maintains good hydrophobicity after mechanical durability tests. In the anti-icing performance tests, the start freezing time of a single droplet is delayed by 1366 s, and when the surface is not coated, the ice amount is more than twice that with the coating. Therefore, this work provides a straightforward and promising solution to solving high-cost and low-efficiency difficulties in the anti-icing problem of transmission line insulators and other similar material surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P. R. China.
| | - Xu Li
- College of Electrical Engineering & New Energy, Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for New Energy Microgrid, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
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Fabrication of Superhydrophobic and Light-Absorbing Polyester Fabric Based on Caffeic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245536. [PMID: 36559903 PMCID: PMC9782021 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) was treated on the surface of polyester fabric (PET), and Fe2+ was used as an intermediate to form chelates with CA to increase the roughness of the polyester surface. With the addition of n-octadecyl mercaptan (SH), the mercapto group reacted with the carbon-carbon double bond of CA on the PET surface through enol click chemical reaction. Meanwhile, CA was polymerized under UV radiation, and thus CA-Fe-SH-PET was prepared. The introduction of SH with a long carbon chain reduced the surface energy of the PET, in order to endow the polyester fabric with a superhydrophobic/lipophilic function. Combined with XPS and FTIR tests, the new carbon-carbon double bond's binding energy and vibration peak were found on the fabric surface, indicating that CA was adsorbed on the PET fabric's surface. After adding SH, the double bond disappeared, demonstrating that SH and CA occurred a click chemical reaction and were grafted onto the PET fabric's surface. The water contact angle (WCA) of CA-Fe-SH-PET was about 156 ± 0.6°, and the scrolling angle (SA) was about 3.298°. The results showed that the modified polyester had a robust superhydrophobic stability in washing, mechanical friction, sun aging, seawater immersion, organic reagent, and acid-base erosion derived from the good adhesion of polymerized CA (PCA). At the same time, the modified polyester fabric had good self-cleaning, antifouling, and oil-water separation performance. It was found that the CA-Fe-SH-PET fabric had unique photothermal conversion characteristics, which can convert the absorbed ultraviolet light into thermal energy, providing a local warming effect due to rapid heating and improving the transmission speed of heavy oil (engine oil and diesel). The CA-Fe-SH-PET fabric can further prevent the transmission of ultraviolet rays, and the UV resistance of CA-Fe-SH-PET fabric is far higher than the UV resistance standard. The preparation method is simple, fast, efficient, and environmentally friendly, and it has better a potential application value in the oil-water separation field.
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