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Abstract
This review covers the scope of multiscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD), laying the framework for studying hydrodynamics with and without chemical reactions in single and multiple phases regarded as continuum fluids. The molecular, coarse-grained particle, and meso-scale dynamics at the individual scale are excluded in this review. Scoping single-scale Eulerian CFD approaches, the necessity of multiscale CFD is highlighted. First, the Eulerian CFD theory, including the governing and turbulence equations, is described for single and multiple phases. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based turbulence model such as the standard k-ε equation is briefly presented, which is commonly used for industrial flow conditions. Following the general CFD theories based on the first-principle laws, a multiscale CFD strategy interacting between micro- and macroscale domains is introduced. Next, the applications of single-scale CFD are presented for chemical and biological processes such as gas distributors, combustors, gas storage tanks, bioreactors, fuel cells, random- and structured-packing columns, gas-liquid bubble columns, and gas-solid and gas-liquid-solid fluidized beds. Several multiscale simulations coupled with Eulerian CFD are reported, focusing on the coupling strategy between two scales. Finally, challenges to multiscale CFD simulations are discussed. The need for experimental validation of CFD results is also presented to lay the groundwork for digital twins supported by CFD. This review culminates in conclusions and perspectives of multiscale CFD.
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Choi H, Kwon JS. Multiscale modeling and control of Kappa number and porosity in a batch‐type pulp digester. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Kyu Choi
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A&M University Texas
| | - Joseph Sang‐Il Kwon
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A&M University Texas
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Abstract
The technological evolution in the last century also required an evolution of materials and coatings. Therefore, it was necessary to make mechanical components subject to heavy wear more reliable, improving their mechanical strength and durability. Surfaces can contribute decisively to extending the lifespan of mechanical components. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) technologies have emerged to meet the new requirements that have enabled a remarkable improvement in the morphology, composition and structure of films as well as an improved adhesion to the substrate allowing a greater number of diversified applications. Thin films deposition using PVD coatings has been contributing to tribological improvement, protecting their surfaces from wear and corrosion, as well as enhancing their appearance. This process can be an advantage over other processes due to their excellent properties and environmental friendly behavior, which gives rise to a large number of studies in mathematical modelling and numerical simulation, like finite element method (FEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This review intends to contribute to a better PVD process knowledge, in the fluids and heat area, using CFD simulation methods focusing on the process energy efficiency improvement regarding the industrial context with the sputtering technique.
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Crose M, Zhang W, Tran A, Christofides PD. Run‐to‐run control of PECVD systems: Application to a multiscale three‐dimensional CFD model of silicon thin film deposition. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marquis Crose
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Los Angeles CA, 90095
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Los Angeles CA, 90095
| | - Anh Tran
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Los Angeles CA, 90095
| | - Panagiotis D. Christofides
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of California Los Angeles CA, 90095
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Numerical Verification of Gallium Nitride Thin-Film Growth in a Large MOCVD Reactor. COATINGS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings7080112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Investigation of a Simplified Mechanism Model for Prediction of Gallium Nitride Thin Film Growth through Numerical Analysis. COATINGS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings7030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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