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Singh N, Batra U, Kumar K, Ahuja N, Mahapatro A. Progress in bioactive surface coatings on biodegradable Mg alloys: A critical review towards clinical translation. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:717-757. [PMID: 35633903 PMCID: PMC9117289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mg and its alloys evince strong candidature for biodegradable bone implants, cardiovascular stents, and wound closing devices. However, their rapid degradation rate causes premature implant failure, constraining clinical applications. Bio-functional surface coatings have emerged as the most competent strategy to fulfill the diverse clinical requirements, besides yielding effective corrosion resistance. This article reviews the progress of biodegradable and advanced surface coatings on Mg alloys investigated in recent years, aiming to build up a comprehensive knowledge framework of coating techniques, processing parameters, performance measures in terms of corrosion resistance, adhesion strength, and biocompatibility. Recently developed conversion and deposition type surface coatings are thoroughly discussed by reporting their essential therapeutic responses like osteogenesis, angiogenesis, cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, anti-bacterial, and controlled drug release towards in-vitro and in-vivo study models. The challenges associated with metallic, ceramic and polymeric coatings along with merits and demerits of various coatings have been illustrated. The use of multilayered hybrid coating comprising a unique combination of organic and inorganic components has been emphasized with future perspectives to obtain diverse bio-functionalities in a facile single coating system for orthopedic implant applications. The challenges and current status of coatings are reviewed in light of clinical requirements. Multilayered hybrid coatings have been emphasized to obtain diverse bio-functionalities. The future developments and research directions on coatings for biodegradable implants are highlighted.
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Dutta N, Hazarika S, Maji TK. Study on the role of tannic acid–calcium oxide adduct as a green heat stabilizer as well as reinforcing filler in the bio‐based hybrid polyvinyl chloride–thermoplastic starch polymer composite. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nipu Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences Tezpur University, Napaam Tezpur Assam India
| | | | - Tarun Kumar Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences Tezpur University, Napaam Tezpur Assam India
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Nunes Nicomedes DN, Mota LM, Vasconcellos R, Medrado NV, de Oliveira M, Costa de Alvarenga É, Juste KRC, Righi A, Manhabosco SM, Brigolini Silva GJ, Araújo FGS, Barros de Oliveira A, Campos Batista RJ, Soares JDS, Manhabosco TM. Comparison between hydroxyapatite/soapstone and hydroxyapatite/reduced graphene oxide composite coatings: Synthesis and property improvement. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 121:104618. [PMID: 34116433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Economic viability and eco-friendliness are important characteristics that make implants available to the population in a sustainable way. In this work, we evaluate the performance of a low-cost, widely available, and eco-friendly material (talc from soapstone) relative to reduced graphene oxide as reinforcement to brittle hydroxyapatite coatings. We employ a low-cost and straightforward technique, electrodeposition, to deposit the composite coatings on the titanium substrate. Corrosion, wear, and biocompatibility tests indicate that the reduced graphene oxide can be effectively replaced by talc without reducing the mechanical, anticorrosion, and biocompatible composite coatings properties. Our results indicate that talc from soapstone is a promising material for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nilson Nunes Nicomedes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro Do Cruzeiro ICEB/DEFIS, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laureana Moreira Mota
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro Do Cruzeiro ICEB/DEFIS, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rebecca Vasconcellos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Laboratório de Sinalização Celular e Nanobiotecnologia, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nathanael Vieira Medrado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Laboratório de Sinalização Celular e Nanobiotecnologia, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Michelle de Oliveira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro Do Cruzeiro ICEB/DEFIS, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Érika Costa de Alvarenga
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Laboratório de Sinalização Celular e Nanobiotecnologia, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, 36301-160, São João Del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karyne R C Juste
- Instituto SENAI de Inovação Em Engenharia de Superfícies. Rua Sete 2000, Bairro Horto Florestal, 31035-536, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ariete Righi
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sara Matte Manhabosco
- Laboratório de Metrologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Campus Carreiros, Av. Itália, Km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Jorge Brigolini Silva
- Laboratório de Construção Civil, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro Do Cruzeiro Escola de Minas/DECIV, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gabriel S Araújo
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro Do Cruzeiro ICEB/DEFIS, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alan Barros de Oliveira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro Do Cruzeiro ICEB/DEFIS, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Junio Campos Batista
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro Do Cruzeiro ICEB/DEFIS, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Dos Santos Soares
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro Do Cruzeiro ICEB/DEFIS, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Taíse Matte Manhabosco
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro Do Cruzeiro ICEB/DEFIS, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Rahman M, Dutta NK, Roy Choudhury N. Magnesium Alloys With Tunable Interfaces as Bone Implant Materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:564. [PMID: 32587850 PMCID: PMC7297987 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) based biodegradable materials are a new generation orthopedic implant materials that are intended to possess same mechanical properties as that of bone. Mg alloys are considered as promising substitutes to permanent implants due to their biodegradability in the physiological environment. However, rapid corrosion rate is one of the major constraints of using Mg alloys in clinical applications in spite of their excellent biocompatibility. Approaches to overcome the limitations include the selection of adequate alloying elements, proper surface treatment, surface modification with coating to control the degradation rate. This review focuses on current advances on surface engineering of Mg based biomaterials for biomedical applications. The review begins with a description of corrosion mechanism of Mg alloy, the requirement for appropriate surface functionalization/coatings, their structure-property-performance relationship, and suitability for biomedical applications. The control of physico-chemical properties such as wettability, surface morphology, surface chemistry, and surface functional groups of the coating tailored by various approaches forms the pivotal part of the review. Chemical surface treatment offers initial protection from corrosion and inorganic coating like hydroxyapatite (HA) improves the biocompatibility of the substrate. Considering the demand of ideal implant materials, multilayer hybrid coatings on Mg alloy in combination with chemical pretreatment or inorganic HA coating, and protein-based polymer coating could be a promising technique to improve corrosion resistance and promote biocompatibility of Mg-based alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Preparation and Characterization of Fluoride-Incorporated Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings on the AZ31 Magnesium Alloy. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9120826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, films with different fluorine contents were prepared on an AZ31 magnesium alloy by using plasma electrolytic oxidation to study the corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility of the alloy. The morphology of the coating surface, phase, and chemical elements were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The changes in the corrosion resistance with different fluorine contents were investigated by electrochemical experiments, hydrogen evolution, and long-term immersion tests. In addition, murine fibroblast L-929 cells were adopted for in vitro cytotoxicity tests using the cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay, and the morphology of the cells was observed simultaneously by inverted microscopy. The results showed that the main form of the fluorine ions in the plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings was magnesium fluoride (MgF2). In addition, the corrosion resistance and cytocompatibilities of the coatings were improved by the addition of fluoride ions. When the content of potassium fluoride reached 10 g/L, the cell compatibility and corrosion resistance were the best, a finding which provides a basis for the clinical applications of the AZ31 magnesium alloy in the biomedical field.
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Corrosion resistance and antibacterial activity of zinc-loaded montmorillonite coatings on biodegradable magnesium alloy AZ31. Acta Biomater 2019; 98:196-214. [PMID: 31154057 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A Zinc-loaded montmorillonite (Zn-MMT) coating was hydrothermally prepared using Zn2+ ion intercalated sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) upon magnesium (Mg) alloy AZ31 as bone repairing materials. Biodegradation rate of the Mg-based materials was studied via potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and hydrogen evolution tests. Results revealed that both Na-MMT and Zn-MMT coatings exhibited better corrosion resistance in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) + 10% calf serum (CS) than bare Mg alloy AZ31 counterparts. Hemolysis results demonstrated that hemocompatibility of the Na-MMT and Zn-MMT coatings were 5%, and lower than that of uncoated Mg alloy AZ31 pieces. In vitro MTT tests and live-dead stain of osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) indicated a significant improvement in cytocompatibility of both Na-MMT and Zn-MMT coatings. Antibacterial properties of two representative bacterial strains associated with device-related infection, i.e. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), were employed to explore the antibacterial behavior of the coatings. The measured inhibitory zone and bacterial growth rate confirmed that Zn-MMT coatings exhibited higher suppression toward both E. coli and S. aureus than that of Na-MMT coatings. The investigation on antibacterial mechanism through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay manifested that Zn-MMT coating led to severe breakage of bacterial membrane of E. coli and S. aureus, which resulted in a release of cytoplasmic materials from the bacterial cells. In addition, the good inhibition of Zn-MMT coatings against E. coli and S. aureus might be attributed to the slow but sustainable release of Zn2+ ions (up to 144 h) from the coatings into the culture media. This study provides a novel coating strategy for manufacturing biodegradable Mg alloys with good corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and antibacterial activity for future orthopedic applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The significance of the current work is to develop a corrosion-resistant and antibacterial Zn-MMT coating on magnesium alloy AZ31 through a hydrothermal method. The Zn-MMT coating on magnesium alloy AZ31 shows better corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and excellent antibacterial ability than magnesium alloy AZ31. This study provides a novel coating on Mg alloys for future orthopedic applications.
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Surface Activation and Pretreatments for Biocompatible Metals and Alloys Used in Biomedical Applications. Int J Biomater 2019; 2019:3806504. [PMID: 31275394 PMCID: PMC6582893 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3806504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the biocompatibility of medical implants, a chemical composition of bone-like material (e.g., hydroxyapatite) can be deposited on the surface of various substrates. When hydroxyapatite is deposited on surfaces of orthopedic implants, several parameters must be addressed including the need of rapid bone ingrowth, high mechanical stability, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and osseointegration induction. However, the deposition process can fail due to poor adhesion of the hydroxyapatite coating to the metallic substrate. Increasing adhesion by enhancing chemical bonding and minimizing biocoating degradation can be achieved through surface activation and pretreatment techniques. Surface activation can increase the adhesion of the biocoating to implants, providing protection in the biological environment and restricting the leaching of metal ions in vivo. This review covers the main surface activation and pretreatment techniques for substrates such as titanium and its alloys, stainless steel, magnesium alloys, and CoCrMo alloys. Alkaline, acidic, and anodizing techniques and their effects on bioapatite deposition are discussed for each of the substrates. Other chemical treatment and combination techniques are covered when used for certain materials. For titanium, the surface pretreatments improve the thickness of the TiO2 passive layer, improving adhesion and bonding of the hydroxyapatite coating. To reduce corrosion and wear rates on the surface of stainless steel, different surface modifications enhance the bonding between the bioapatite coatings and the substrate. The use of surface modifications also improves the morphology of hydroxyapatite coatings on magnesium surfaces and limits the concentration of magnesium ions released into the body. Surface treatment of CoCrMo alloys also decreased the concentration of harmful ions released in vivo. The literature covered in this review is for pretreated surfaces which then undergo deposition of hydroxyapatite using electrodeposition or other wet deposition techniques and mainly limited to the years 2000-2019.
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Yılmaz E, Çakıroğlu B, Gökçe A, Findik F, Gulsoy HO, Gulsoy N, Mutlu Ö, Özacar M. Novel hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide/collagen bioactive composite coating on Ti16Nb alloys by electrodeposition. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 101:292-305. [PMID: 31029323 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel implant coating material containing graphene oxide (GO) and collagen (COL), and hydroxyapatite (HA) was fabricated with the aid of tannic acid by electrodeposition. The surface of Ti16Nb alloy was subjected to anodic oxidation, and then HA-GO coating was applied to Ti16Nb surface by cathodic method. Then, COL was deposited on the surface of the HA-GO coating by the biomimetic method. HA, HA-GO, HA-GO-COL coatings on the surface of the Ti16Nb alloy have increased the corrosion resistance by the formation of a barrier layer on the surface. For HA-GO-COL coating, the highest corrosion resistance is obtained due to the compactness and homogeneity of the coating structure. The contact angle of the bare Ti16Nb is approximately 65°, while the contact angle of the coated samples is close to 0°. Herein, the increased surface wettability is important for cell adhesion. The surface roughness of the uncoated Ti16Nb alloy was between 1 and 3 μm, while the surface roughness of the coated surfaces was measured between 20 and 110 μm. The contact between the bone and the implant has been improved. Graphene oxide-containing coatings have improved the antibacterial properties compared to the GO-free coating using S. aureus. The hardness and elastic modulus of the coatings were measured by the nanoindentation test, and the addition of GO and collagen to the HA coating resulted in an increase in strength. The addition of GO to the HA coating reduced the viability of 3 T3 fibroblast cells, whereas the addition of collagen to HA-GO coat increased the cell adhesion and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Yılmaz
- Sakarya University, Biomedical, Magnetic and Semiconductor Materials Application & Research Center (BIMAS-RC), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Bekir Çakıroğlu
- Sakarya University, Biomedical, Magnetic and Semiconductor Materials Application & Research Center (BIMAS-RC), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Azim Gökçe
- Sakarya Applied Sciences University, Faculty of Technology, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Fehim Findik
- Sakarya University, Biomedical, Magnetic and Semiconductor Materials Application & Research Center (BIMAS-RC), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey; Sakarya Applied Sciences University, Faculty of Technology, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - H Ozkan Gulsoy
- Marmara University, Faculty of Technology, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Goztepe, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Gulsoy
- Marmara University, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Biology, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özal Mutlu
- Marmara University, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Biology, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Özacar
- Sakarya University, Biomedical, Magnetic and Semiconductor Materials Application & Research Center (BIMAS-RC), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey; Sakarya University, Science & Arts Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
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Li Z, Yang W, Yu Q, Wu Y, Wang D, Liang J, Zhou F. New Method for the Corrosion Resistance of AZ31 Mg Alloy with a Porous Micro-Arc Oxidation Membrane as an Ionic Corrosion Inhibitor Container. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1134-1145. [PMID: 30086637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work introduces a new composite anticorrosion coating for the AZ31 magnesium alloy, based on the synergistic effect of an organic/inorganic composite coating with a micro- and nanoporous micro-arc oxidation (MAO) membrane as the container of ionic corrosion inhibitor (M-16). The surface morphologies and size of the micro/nanocontainers in the porous MAO membrane before and after filling with M-16 corrosion inhibitor are examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effectiveness of M-16 for corrosion suppression on AZ31 Mg alloy with and without epoxy coating as the top sealing layer is demonstrated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray tests. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements show that, compared with the bare AZ31 Mg alloys, the composite coating has superior corrosion resistance with the a lower corrosion current (9.7 × 10-9 A/cm2) and a higher protection efficiency (99.3%) after immersion in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution and, meanwhile, has stronger salt spray resistance within 30 days. The results demonstrate the synergistic effect of the isolation protection of the micro-arc oxidation layer and the inhibition of M-16 and that the epoxy coating contributed to the protection for AZ31 Mg substrate to some extent. Therefore, it is anticipated that the composite coating has a potential application in the protection of metals and their alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qiangliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Daoai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials , Qingdao 266100 , China
| | - Jun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China
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Xu LQ, Neoh KG, Kang ET. Natural polyphenols as versatile platforms for material engineering and surface functionalization. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Comparison of Corrosion Resistance and Cytocompatibility of MgO and ZrO2 Coatings on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Formed via Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8120441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, one coating is comprised of ZrO2 and the other consists of MgO as main phase composition was produced on AZ31 magnesium alloy using one-step plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The purpose of this work was to study the corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility of the above-coated AZ31 magnesium alloys in order to provide a basis for AZ31 Mg alloy’s clinical applications of biomedical use. The morphology and phase composition of the coatings were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion properties were examined using electrochemical testing, hydrogen evolution measurements, and immersion tests in a simulated body fluid (SBF). Compared with bare magnesium and the MgO coating, the ZrO2-containing coating exhibited an improved corrosion resistance. Cell proliferation assays and cell morphology observations showed that the ZrO2-containing coating was not toxic to the L-929 cells. The ZrO2 coating was much denser and more homogeneous than the MgO coating, hence the corrosion resistance of the ZrO2-coated AZ31 Mg alloy was superior and more stable than the MgO-coated AZ31 Mg alloy, and ZrO2/AZ31 did not induce a cytotoxic reaction to L-929 cells and promote cell growth.
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Corrosion Behavior of Fe/Zr Composite Coating on ZK60 Mg Alloy by Ion Implantation and Deposition. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8080261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Fe/Zr composite coating was prepared by duplex Fe/Zr ion implantation and deposition to modify the microstructure and corrosion behavior of Mg-5.5 Zn-0.6 Zr (in wt.%, ZK60) alloy. The surface and interface characteristics were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the Fe/Zr composite coating exhibited a bi-layer microstructure of outer Fe-rich layer and inner Zr-rich layer. Multi-phases of α-Fe, ZrO0.35 and Zr6Fe3O were formed on the modified surface. The electrochemical measurements and immersion tests revealed an improvement of corrosion behavior for the surface-modified sample due to the protective effect of Fe/Zr composite coating.
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One-Step Fabrication and Localized Electrochemical Characterization of Continuous Al-Alloyed Intermetallic Surface Layer on Magnesium Alloy. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8040148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Influence of the Composition of the Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution on the Corrosion Behavior of AZ31 and AZ61 Magnesium Alloys. METALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/met7110465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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