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Dent F, Harbottle D, Warren NJ, Khodaparast S. Temporally Arrested Breath Figure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27435-27443. [PMID: 35658418 PMCID: PMC9204694 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since its original conception as a tool for manufacturing porous materials, the breath figure method (BF) and its variations have been frequently used for the fabrication of numerous micro- and nanopatterned functional surfaces. In classical BF, reliable design of the final pattern has been hindered by the dual role of solvent evaporation to initiate/control the dropwise condensation and induce polymerization, alongside the complex effects of local humidity and temperature influence. Herein, we provide a deterministic method for reliable control of BF pore diameters over a wide range of length scales and environmental conditions. To this end, we employ an adapted methodology that decouples cooling from polymerization by using a combination of initiative cooling and quasi-instantaneous UV curing to deliberately arrest the desired BF patterns in time. Through in situ real-time optical microscopy analysis of the condensation kinetics, we demonstrate that an analytically predictable self-similar regime is the predominant arrangement from early to late times O(10-100 s), when high-density condensation nucleation is initially achieved on the polymer films. In this regime, the temporal growth of condensation droplets follows a unified power law of D ∝ t. Identification and quantitative characterization of the scale-invariant self-similar BF regime allow fabrication of programmed pore size, ranging from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers, at high surface coverage of around 40%. Finally, we show that temporal arresting of BF patterns can be further extended for selective surface patterning and/or pore size modulation by spatially masking the UV curing illumination source. Our findings bridge the gap between fundamental knowledge of dropwise condensation and applied breath figure patterning techniques, thus enabling mechanistic design and fabrication of porous materials and interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis
J. Dent
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K.
| | - David Harbottle
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K.
| | - Nicholas J. Warren
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K.
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Kadlečková M, Skopalová K, Ptošková B, Wrzecionko E, Daďová E, Kocourková K, Mráček A, Musilová L, Smolka P, Humpolíček P, Minařík A. Hierarchically Structured Surfaces Prepared by Phase Separation: Tissue Mimicking Culture Substrate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052541. [PMID: 35269688 PMCID: PMC8910751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pseudo 3D hierarchical structure mimicking in vivo microenvironment was prepared by phase separation on tissue culture plastic. For surface treatment, time-sequenced dosing of the solvent mixture with various concentrations of polymer component was used. The experiments showed that hierarchically structured surfaces with macro, meso and micro pores can be prepared with multi-step phase separation processes. Changes in polystyrene surface topography were characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact profilometry. The cell proliferation and changes in cell morphology were tested on the prepared structured surfaces. Four types of cell lines were used for the determination of impact of the 3D architecture on the cell behavior, namely the mouse embryonic fibroblast, human lung carcinoma, primary human keratinocyte and mouse embryonic stem cells. The increase of proliferation of embryonic stem cells and mouse fibroblasts was the most remarkable. Moreover, the embryonic stem cells express different morphology when cultured on the structured surface. The acquired findings expand the current state of knowledge in the field of cell behavior on structured surfaces and bring new technological procedures leading to their preparation without the use of problematic temporary templates or additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Kadlečková
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Kateřina Skopalová
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Barbora Ptošková
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Erik Wrzecionko
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Eliška Daďová
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Karolína Kocourková
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Aleš Mráček
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Lenka Musilová
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Petr Smolka
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonín Minařík
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (B.P.); (E.W.); (K.K.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (E.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (A.M.)
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Photoinduced Processes as a Way to Sustainable Polymers and Innovation in Polymeric Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142293. [PMID: 34301050 PMCID: PMC8309236 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoinduced processes have gained considerable attention in polymer science and have greatly implemented the technological developments of new products. Therefore, a large amount of research work is currently developed in this area: in this paper we illustrate the advantages of a chemistry driven by light, the present perspectives of the technology, and summarize some of our recent research works, honoring the memory of Prof. Aldo Priola who passed away in March 2021 and was one of the first scientists in Italy to contribute to the field.
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Preparation of Hierarchically Structured Polystyrene Surfaces with Superhydrophobic Properties by Plasma-Assisted Fluorination. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nanotexturing of microstructured polystyrene surfaces through CF4 plasma chemical fluorination is presented in this study. It is demonstrated that the parameters of a surface micropore-generation process, together with the setup of subsequent plasma-chemical modifications, allows for the creation of a long-term (weeks) surface-stable micro- and nanotexture with high hydrophobicity (water contact angle >150°). Surface micropores were generated initially via the time-sequenced dosing of mixed solvents onto a polystyrene surface (Petri dish) in a spin-coater. In the second step, tetrafluoromethane (CF4) plasma fluorination was used for the generation of a specific surface nanotexture and the modulation of the surface chemical composition. Experimental results of microscopic, goniometric, and spectroscopic measurements have shown that a single combination of phase separation methods and plasma processes enables the facile preparation of a wide spectrum of hierarchically structured surfaces differing in their wetting properties and application potentials.
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