1
|
Rogala-Wielgus D, Majkowska-Marzec B, Zieliński A, Roszek K, Liszewska M. Evaluation of adhesion strength, corrosion, and biological properties of the MWCNT/TiO 2 coating intended for medical applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30108-30117. [PMID: 37849700 PMCID: PMC10577579 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05331h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) coatings are gaining increasing interest because of their special properties used in many science fields. The titania coatings are known for their improvement of osteoblast adhesion, thus changing the surface architecture. Bi-layer coatings comprising 0.25 wt% of the MWCNTs and 0.30 wt% of titania (anatase structure) were synthesized in a two-stage procedure using the electrophoretic deposition method (EPD). The MWCNT and TiO2 coatings were deposited with voltage and time parameters, respectively, of 20 V and 0.5 min, and 50 V and 4 min. EDS, AFM, SEM, Raman spectroscopy, nano-scratch test, potentiodynamic corrosion tests, wettability studies, and cytotoxicity determined with MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test on human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and mouse osteoblast precursors (MC3T3), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity test were carried out on examined surfaces. The prepared MWCNT/TiO2 coating is uniformly distributed by MWCNTs and agglomerated by TiO2 particles of size ranging from 0.1 to 3 μm. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the anatase structure of the TiO2 addition and showed typical peaks of the MWCNTs. The MWCNT/TiO2 coating had higher roughness, higher adhesion strength, and improved corrosion resistance compared to the MWCNT basic coating. The results of biological tests proved that physicochemical properties of the surface, such as high porosity and wettability of MWCNT/TiO2-coated material, would support cell adhesion, but toxic species could be released to the culture medium, thus resulting in a decrease in proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Rogala-Wielgus
- Division of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdansk University of Technology 11 Narutowicza Str. 80-233 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Beata Majkowska-Marzec
- Division of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdansk University of Technology 11 Narutowicza Str. 80-233 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Andrzej Zieliński
- Division of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdansk University of Technology 11 Narutowicza Str. 80-233 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Katarzyna Roszek
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Lwowska 1 Str. 87-100 Toruń Poland
| | - Malwina Liszewska
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology Kaliskiego 2 Str. 00-908 Warsaw Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pawłowski Ł, Rościszewska M, Majkowska-Marzec B, Jażdżewska M, Bartmański M, Zieliński A, Tybuszewska N, Samsel P. Influence of Surface Modification of Titanium and Its Alloys for Medical Implants on Their Corrosion Behavior. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7556. [PMID: 36363148 PMCID: PMC9655659 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are often used for long-term implants after their surface treatment. Such surface modification is usually performed to improve biological properties but seldom to increase corrosion resistance. This paper presents research results performed on such metallic materials modified by a variety of techniques: direct voltage anodic oxidation in the presence of fluorides, micro-arc oxidation (MAO), pulse laser treatment, deposition of chitosan, biodegradable Eudragit 100 and poly(4-vinylpyridine (P4VP), carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles of TiO2, and chitosan with Pt (nano Pt) and polymeric dispersant. The open circuit potential, corrosion current density, and potential values were determined by potentiodynamic technique, and microstructures of the surface layers and coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that despite the applied modifications, the corrosion current density still appears in the region of very low values of some nA/cm2. However, almost all surface modifications, designed principally for the improvement of biological properties, negatively influence corrosion resistance. The reasons for observed effects can vary, such as imperfections and permeability of some coatings or accelerated degradation of biodegradable deposits in simulated body fluids during electrochemical testing. Despite that, all coatings can be accepted for biological applications, and such corrosion testing results are presumed not to be of major importance for their applications in medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pawłowski
- Department of Construction Materials, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Rościszewska
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beata Majkowska-Marzec
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jażdżewska
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Bartmański
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Zieliński
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Tybuszewska
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Pamela Samsel
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu J, Zhang J, Shi Y, Tang J, Huang D, Yan M, Dargusch MS. Surface Modification of Biomedical Ti and Ti Alloys: A Review on Current Advances. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051749. [PMID: 35268983 PMCID: PMC8911755 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ti is widely used as a material for orthopedic implants. As rapid and effective osseointegration is a key factor for the successful application of implants, biologically inert Ti materials start to show inherent limitations, such as poor surface cell adhesion, bioactivity, and bone-growth-inducing capabilities. Surface modification can be an efficient and effective approach to addressing the biocompatibility, mechanical, and functionality issues of the various Ti implant materials. In this study, we have overviewed more than 140 papers to summarize the recent progress in the surface modification of Ti implants by physical and/or chemical modification approaches, aiming at optimizing their wear resistance, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties. As an advanced manufacturing technology for Ti and Ti alloys, additive manufacturing was particularly addressed in this review. We also provide an outlook for future research directions in this field as a contribution to the development of advanced Ti implants for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Xu
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Yangfan Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Jincheng Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Danni Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (M.S.D.)
| | - Matthew S. Dargusch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (M.S.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jagadeeshanayaka N, Awasthi S, Jambagi SC, Srivastava C. Bioactive Surface Modifications through Thermally Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Composite Coatings: A Review over Selective Reinforcements. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2484-2523. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00039c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been an excellent replacement for the natural bone in orthopedic applications, owing to its close resemblance; however, it is brittle and has low strength. Surface modification techniques...
Collapse
|
5
|
Mechanical Behavior of Bi-Layer and Dispersion Coatings Composed of Several Nanostructures on Ti13Nb13Zr Alloy. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112905. [PMID: 34071468 PMCID: PMC8199481 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Titanium implants are commonly used because of several advantages, but their surface modification is necessary to enhance bioactivity. Recently, their surface coatings were developed to induce local antibacterial properties. The aim of this research was to investigate and compare mechanical properties of three coatings: multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), bi-layer composed of an inner MWCNTs layer and an outer TiO2 layer, and dispersion coatings comprised of simultaneously deposited MWCNTs and nanoCu, each electrophoretically deposited on the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray electron diffraction spectroscopy, and nanoindentation technique were applied to study topography, chemical composition, hardness, plastic and elastic properties. The results demonstrate that the addition of nanocopper or titanium dioxide to MWCNTs coating increases hardness, lowers Young’s modulus, improves plastic and elastic properties, wear resistance under deflection, and plastic deformation resistance. The results can be attributed to different properties, structure and geometry of applied particles, various deposition techniques, and the possible appearance of porous structures. These innovative coatings of simultaneously high strength and elasticity are promising to apply for deposition on long-term titanium implants.
Collapse
|
6
|
Majkowska-Marzec B, Tęczar P, Bartmański M, Bartosewicz B, Jankiewicz BJ. Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Laser Surface-Treated Ti13Nb13Zr Alloy with MWCNTs Coatings. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13183991. [PMID: 32916961 PMCID: PMC7557772 DOI: 10.3390/ma13183991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys is the main group of materials used in prosthetics and implantology. Despite their popularity and many advantages associated with their biocompatibility, these materials have a few significant disadvantages. These include low biologic activity—which reduces the growth of fibrous tissue and allows loosening of the prosthesis—the possibility of metallosis and related inflammation or other allergic reactions, as well as abrasion of the material during operation. Searching for the best combinations of material properties for implants in today′s world is not only associated with research on new alloys, but primarily with the modification of their surface layers. The proposed laser modification of the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy with a carbon nanotube coating is aimed at eliminating most of the problems mentioned above. The carbon coating was carried out by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) onto ground and etched substrates. This form of carbon was used due to the confirmed biocompatibility with the human body and the ability to create titanium carbides after laser treatment. The EPD-deposited carbon nanotube coating was subjected to laser treatment. Due to high power densities applied to the material during laser treatment, non-equilibrium structures were observed while improving mechanical and anti-corrosive properties. An electrophoretically deposited coating of carbon nanotubes further improved the effects of laser processing through greater strengthening, hardness or Young′s modulus similar to that required, as well as led to an increase in corrosion resistance. The advantage of the presented laser modification of the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy with a carbon coating is the lack of surface cracks, which are difficult to eliminate with traditional laser treatment of Ti alloys. All samples tested showed contact angles between 46° and 82° and thus, based on the literature reports, they have hydrophilic surfaces suitable for cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Majkowska-Marzec
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bonding, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/22, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (P.T.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Patryk Tęczar
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bonding, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/22, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (P.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Michał Bartmański
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bonding, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/22, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (P.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Bartosz Bartosewicz
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (B.B.); (B.J.J.)
| | - Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (B.B.); (B.J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Electrodeposited Biocoatings, Their Properties and Fabrication Technologies: A Review. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10080782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coatings deposited under an electric field are applied for the surface modification of biomaterials. This review is aimed to characterize the state-of-art in this area with an emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of used methods, process determinants, and properties of coatings. Over 170 articles, published mainly during the last ten years, were chosen, and reviewed as the most representative. The most recent developments of metallic, ceramic, polymer, and composite electrodeposited coatings are described focusing on their microstructure and properties. The direct cathodic electrodeposition, pulse cathodic deposition, electrophoretic deposition, plasma electrochemical oxidation in electrolytes rich in phosphates and calcium ions, electro-spark, and electro-discharge methods are characterized. The effects of electrolyte composition, potential and current, pH, and temperature are discussed. The review demonstrates that the most popular are direct and pulse cathodic electrodeposition and electrophoretic deposition. The research is mainly aimed to introduce new coatings rather than to investigate the effects of process parameters on the properties of deposits. So far tests aim to enhance bioactivity, mechanical strength and adhesion, antibacterial efficiency, and to a lesser extent the corrosion resistance.
Collapse
|