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Uetani K, Uto T. Strong attractive interaction between finite element models of twisted cellulose nanofibers by intermeshing of twists. RSC Adv 2023; 13:16387-16395. [PMID: 37266489 PMCID: PMC10231428 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01784b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the attractive interaction between intrinsically twisted cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) is essential to control the physical properties of the higher-order structures of CNFs, such as paper and spun fiber. In this study, a finite element model reflecting the typical morphology of a twisted CNF was used to analyze the attractive interaction forces between multiple approaching CNF models. For two parallel CNF models, when one of the CNF models was rotated 90° around the long-axis direction, the twisting periods meshed, giving the maximum attraction force. Conversely, when the two CNF models were approaching diagonally, the CNF models were closest at an angle of -3.2° (i.e., in left-handed chirality) to give the most stable structure owing to the right-handed twist of the CNF models themselves. Furthermore, the two nematic layers were closest when one nematic layer was approached at an angle of -2° (i.e., in left-handed accumulation chirality), resulting in the greatest attraction. The results characterize the unique distribution of the attractive interaction forces between twisted CNF models, and they underscore the importance of chiral management in CNF aggregates, especially intermeshing of twists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Uetani
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku Tokyo 125-8585 Japan
| | - Takuya Uto
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Miyazaki Nishi 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Miyazaki 889-2192 Japan
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Li K, Clarkson CM, Wang L, Liu Y, Lamm M, Pang Z, Zhou Y, Qian J, Tajvidi M, Gardner DJ, Tekinalp H, Hu L, Li T, Ragauskas AJ, Youngblood JP, Ozcan S. Alignment of Cellulose Nanofibers: Harnessing Nanoscale Properties to Macroscale Benefits. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3646-3673. [PMID: 33599500 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In nature, cellulose nanofibers form hierarchical structures across multiple length scales to achieve high-performance properties and different functionalities. Cellulose nanofibers, which are separated from plants or synthesized biologically, are being extensively investigated and processed into different materials owing to their good properties. The alignment of cellulose nanofibers is reported to significantly influence the performance of cellulose nanofiber-based materials. The alignment of cellulose nanofibers can bridge the nanoscale and macroscale, bringing enhanced nanoscale properties to high-performance macroscale materials. However, compared with extensive reviews on the alignment of cellulose nanocrystals, reviews focusing on cellulose nanofibers are seldom reported, possibly because of the challenge of aligning cellulose nanofibers. In this review, the alignment of cellulose nanofibers, including cellulose nanofibrils and bacterial cellulose, is extensively discussed from different aspects of the driving force, evaluation, strategies, properties, and applications. Future perspectives on challenges and opportunities in cellulose nanofiber alignment are also briefly highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Caitlyn M Clarkson
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Meghan Lamm
- Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2350 Cherahala Boulevard, Knoxville, Tennessee 37932, United States
| | - Zhenqian Pang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ji Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mehdi Tajvidi
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Douglas J Gardner
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Halil Tekinalp
- Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2350 Cherahala Boulevard, Knoxville, Tennessee 37932, United States
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- UTK-ORNL Joint Institute for Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jeffrey P Youngblood
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Soydan Ozcan
- Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2350 Cherahala Boulevard, Knoxville, Tennessee 37932, United States
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Uetani K, Kasuya K, Koga H, Nogi M. Direct determination of the degree of fibrillation of wood pulps by distribution analysis of pixel-resolved optical retardation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117460. [PMID: 33357919 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new methodology for direct evaluation of the degree of fibrillation of fibrillating pulp suspensions through the pixel-resolved retardation distribution. Through simple normalization by just injecting a pulp suspension with a certain concentration into a quartz flow channel with a constant cross-sectional shape, the degree of fibrillation (i.e., the degree of bundling of cellulose molecular chains) can be directly mapped by the retardation gradation, reflecting locally high retardation (pulp fibers), smaller retardation (balloons on fibrillating pulps), and much smaller retardation close to water (dispersed nanofibers). Both the average retardation and standard deviation are found to be the direct indicators of the degree of fibrillation. We envision that the proposed methodology will become the future standard for determining the degree of fibrillation by the retardation distribution, and it will pave the way for more precise control of pulp fibrillation and more sophisticated applications of cellulose nanofiber suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Uetani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Keitaro Kasuya
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Masaya Nogi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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Jung N, Weon BM, Doi M. Evaporation-induced alignment of nanorods in a thin film. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4767-4775. [PMID: 32401251 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00482k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the solvent evaporation of a thin film, Brownian rod-shaped particles self-assemble into microstructures and their orientation arrangements change while their volume fractions increase. We have studied the phenomena using a simple model which accounts for the anisotropic diffusion and the mean-field interaction of the particles. By numerically solving the Smoluchowski equation under moving boundary conditions, we obtain the spatiotemporal evolution of volume fractions and order parameters. It is shown that the evaporation dynamics alter the equilibrium orientational configuration of particles to meta-stable states. This alternation is possible by controlling either Péclet numbers or anisotropic diffusion rates. This understanding of the dynamic self-assembly of rod-shaped particles can be useful in manipulating the collective rod-arrangement in printing and coating technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narina Jung
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Uetani K, Koga H, Nogi M. Estimation of the Intrinsic Birefringence of Cellulose Using Bacterial Cellulose Nanofiber Films. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:250-254. [PMID: 35650824 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic birefringence of cellulose is one of the most fundamental optical parameters for analyzing and developing various cellulosic materials. However, the previously reported values greatly vary depending on the problems occurred due to the measured cellulose sample or method, and it is still a challenge to evaluate the intrinsic birefringence of cellulose using suitable cellulose samples and methodologies by taking account into the recent knowledge and techniques. Here, we estimated the intrinsic birefringence of cellulose to be 0.09 by a procedure with three valid factors: (1) bacterial cellulose nanofibers consisting of extended chain crystals of cellulose are used, (2) films with relatively small orientation degrees are fabricated, and (3) the in-plane retardation maps are measured. The resultant eigenvalue is greater than those reported for cellulose and many petroleum-based polymers. Therefore, cellulose could be used to develop high-performance light compensation films with large optical anisotropies for use in future optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Uetani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masaya Nogi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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