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Escobedo F, Gospalswamy M, Hägerbäumer P, Stank TJ, Victor J, Groth G, Gohlke H, Dargel C, Hellweg T, Etzkorn M. Characterization of size-tuneable aescin-lipid nanoparticles as platform for stabilization of membrane proteins. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 242:114071. [PMID: 39002202 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Disc-like lipid nanoparticles stabilized by saponin biosurfactants display fascinating properties, including their temperature-driven re-organization. β-Aescin, a saponin from seed extract of the horse chestnut tree, shows strong interactions with lipid membranes and has gained interest due to its beneficial therapeutic implications as well as its ability to decompose continuous lipid membranes into size-tuneable discoidal nanoparticles. Here, we characterize lipid nanoparticles formed by aescin and the phospholipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. We present site-resolved insights into central molecular interactions and their modulations by temperature and aescin content. Using the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin, we additionally demonstrate that, under defined conditions, aescin-lipid discs can accommodate medium-sized transmembrane proteins. Our data reveal the general capability of this fascinating system to generate size-tuneable aescin-lipid-protein particles, opening the road for further applications in biochemical, biophysical and structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Escobedo
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Physical Biology, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany; Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH., Wilhelm-Johnen-Str, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Mohanraj Gospalswamy
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Pia Hägerbäumer
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld 33615, Germany
| | - Tim Julian Stank
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld 33615, Germany
| | - Julian Victor
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Physical Biology, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Georg Groth
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Biochemical Plant Physiology, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany; Institute for Bio, and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH., Wilhelm-Johnen-Str, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Carina Dargel
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld 33615, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld 33615, Germany.
| | - Manuel Etzkorn
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Physical Biology, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany; Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH., Wilhelm-Johnen-Str, Jülich 52425, Germany.
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2
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Yang G, Liu Y, Hu Y, Yuan Y, Qin Y, Li Q, Ma S. Bio-soft matter derived from traditional Chinese medicine: Characterizations of hierarchical structure, assembly mechanism, and beyond. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100943. [PMID: 39005842 PMCID: PMC11246065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional explorations on bio-soft matter such as micelles, vesicles, nanoparticles, aggregates or polymers derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has emerged as a new topic in the field of TCM. The discovery of such cross-scaled bio-soft matter may provide a unique perspective for unraveling the new effective material basis of TCM as well as developing innovative medicine and biomaterials. Despite the rapid rise of TCM-derived bio-soft matter, their hierarchical structure and assembly mechanism must be unambiguously probed for a further in-depth understanding of their pharmacological activity. In this review, the current emerged TCM-derived bio-soft matter assembled from either small molecules or macromolecules is introduced, and particularly the unambiguous elucidation of their hierarchical structure and assembly mechanism with combined electron microscopic and spectroscopic techniques is depicted. The pros and cons of each technique are also discussed. The future challenges and perspective of TCM-derived bio-soft matter are outlined, particularly the requirement for their precise in situ structural determination is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiya Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuying Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yunan Qin
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Quan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
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3
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Fischer P, Lutz-Bueno V. Glycyrrhizic acid aggregates seen from a synthetic surfactant perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2806-2814. [PMID: 38196347 PMCID: PMC10806618 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04835g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Bio- or plant-based surfactants are a sustainable and renewable alternative to replace synthetic chemicals for environmental, drugs and food applications. However, these "green" surfactants have unique molecular structures, and their self-assembly in water might lead to complex morphologies and unexpected properties. The micellization of saponin molecules, such as glycyrrhizic acid (GA), differs significantly from those of conventional synthetic surfactants, yet these differences are often overlooked. Saponins self-assemble in complex hierarchical helical morphologies similar to bile salts, rather than the expected globular, ellipsoidal and wormlike micelles. Here, we review two potential routes for molecular self-assembly of GA, namely kinetics of crystallization and thermodynamic equilibrium, focusing on their structure as a function of concentration. Some uncertainty remains to define which route is followed by GA self-assembly, as well as the first type of aggregate formed at low concentrations, thus we review the state-of-the-art information about GA assembly. We compare the self-assembly of GA with conventional linear surfactants, and identify their key similarities and differences, from molecular and chemical perspectives, based on the critical packing parameter (CPP) theory. We expect that this work will provide perspectives for the unclear process of GA assembly, and highlight its differences from conventional micellization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fischer
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Viviane Lutz-Bueno
- Laboratory of Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut PSI, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
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Feng M, Dai X, Yang C, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Qu Q, Sheng M, Li Z, Peng X, Cen S, Shi X. Unification of medicines and excipients: The roles of natural excipients for promoting drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:597-620. [PMID: 37150753 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2210835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug delivery systems (DDSs) formed by natural active compounds be instrumental in developing new green excipients and novel DDS from natural active compounds (NACs). 'Unification of medicines and excipients'(UME), the special inherent nature of the natural active compounds, provides the inspiration and conduction to achieve this goal. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the typical types of NACs from herbal medicine, such as saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, etc. that act as excipients and their main application in DDS. The comparison of the drug delivery systems formed by NACs and common materials and the primary formation mechanisms of these NACs are also introduced to provide a deepened understanding of their performance in DDS. EXPERT OPINION Many natural bioactive compounds, such as saponins, polysaccharides, etc. have been used in DDS. Diversity of structure and pharmacological effects of NACs turn out the unique advantages in improving the performance of DDSs like targeting ability, adhesion, encapsulation efficiency(EE), etc. and enhancing the bioavailability of loaded drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfang Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiting Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Tian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsong Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengke Sheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhui Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Cen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing, China
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Self-similarity and Payne effect of whey protein-escin mixtures at the air-water interface. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Interactions between DMPC Model Membranes, the Drug Naproxen, and the Saponin β-Aescin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020379. [PMID: 36839701 PMCID: PMC9960855 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the interplay among the phospholipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) as a model membrane, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen, and the saponin β-aescin are investigated. The naproxen amount was fixed to 10 mol%, and the saponin amount varies from 0.0 to 1.0 mol%. Both substances are common ingredients in pharmaceutics; therefore, it is important to obtain deeper knowledge of their impact on lipid membranes. The size and properties of the DMPC model membrane upon naproxen and aescin addition were characterized with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS), and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) in a temperature-dependent study. The interaction of all substances was dependent on the lipid phase state, which itself depends on the lipid's main phase transition temperature Tm. The incorporation of naproxen and aescin distorted the lipid membrane structure and lowers Tm. Below Tm, the DMPC-naproxen-aescin mixtures showed a vesicle structure, and the insertion of naproxen and aescin influenced neither the lipid chain-chain correlation distance nor the membrane thickness. Above Tm, the insertion of both molecules instead induced the formation of correlated bilayers and a decrease in the chain-chain correlation distance. The presented data clearly confirm the interaction of naproxen and aescin with DMPC model membranes. Moreover, the incorporation of both additives into the model membranes is evidenced.
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Ćirić A, Budinčić JM, Medarević Đ, Dobričić V, Rmandić M, Barudžija T, Malenović A, Petrović L, Djekic L. Evaluation of chitosan/xanthan gum polyelectrolyte complexes potential for pH-dependent oral delivery of escin. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:48-60. [PMID: 36058395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Escin is an amphiphilic and weakly acidic drug that oral administration may lead to the irritation of gastric mucosa. The entrapment of escin into chitosan (CH)/xanthan gum (XG)-based polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) can facilitate controlled drug release which may be beneficial for the reduction of its side effects. This study aimed to investigate the influence of escin content and drying method on the formation, physicochemical, and controlled, pH-dependent drug release properties of CH/XG-based PECs. Measurements of transmittance, conductivity, and rheological characterization confirmed the formation of CH/XG-based PECs with escin entrapped at escin-to-polymers mass ratios 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4. Ambient-dried PECs had higher yield, entrapment efficiency, and escin content in comparison with spray-dried ones. FT-IR spectra confirmed the interactions between CH, XG, and escin, which were stronger in ambient-dried PECs. PXRD and DSC analyses showed the amorphous escin character in all dry PECs, regardless of the drying method. The most promising controlled and pH-dependent in vitro escin release was from the ambient-dried PEC at the escin-to-polymers mass ratio of 1:1. For that reason and due to the highest yield and entrapment efficiency, this carrier has the potential to prevent the irritation of gastric mucosa after oral administration of escin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ćirić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Milinković Budinčić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Boulevard cara Lazara 1, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Đorđe Medarević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Dobričić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Rmandić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Analysis, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tanja Barudžija
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Theoretical Physics and Condensed Matter Physics, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Anđelija Malenović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Analysis, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Lidija Petrović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Boulevard cara Lazara 1, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Ljiljana Djekic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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A Sebum-Mimetic Lipid Monolayer and Its Interaction with (Bio)Surfactants. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Surfactants present in cleansing formulations interact not only with the unwanted lipids accumulating on the human skin (dirt) but also with its protective lipidic layer (sebum). Development of simple models of human sebum would help to compare different surfactants and biosurfactants under the same conditions. In this contribution we propose a first monolayer model of synthetic sebum composed of lard, stearic acid, lanolin, squalane and cholesterol. The monolayer compression isotherm features a gas-liquid (G-LE1), two liquid-liquid transitions (LE1-LE2 and LE2-LC), and a collapse at πcoll = 45 mN/m. The monolayer spread on pure water and pre-compressed to π0 = 30 mN/m was exposed to four synthetic surfactants (sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB)) and four plant extracts (oat (Avena sativa L.), horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.), cowherb (Vaccaria hispanica [P. Mill.] Rauschert), soybean (Glycine max L.) and soapwort (Saponaria officinalis L.)) introduced to the subphase at a dry mass content of 1% (w/w). Three modes of the monolayer-(bio)surfactant interactions were observed: (1) complete solubilization (SLS, SLES, ALS, CAPB); (2) penetration accompanied by an increase of surface pressure and elasticity but without solubilization (horse chestnut, cowherb, soapwort); (3) no interaction (oat, soybean).
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Tucker IM, Burley A, Petkova RE, Hosking SL, Webster J, Li P, Ma K, Doutch J, Penfold J, Thomas RK. Self-assembly in escin-nonionic surfactant mixtures: from micelles to vesicles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 626:305-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Tucker I, Burley A, Petkova R, Hosking S, Webster JRP, Li P, Ma K, Doutch J, Penfold J, Thomas R. Self-assembly of Quillaja saponin mixtures with different conventional synthetic surfactants. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Jurek I, Szuplewska A, Chudy M, Wojciechowski K. Effect of the oat, horse chestnut, cowherb, soy, quinoa and soapwort extracts on skin‐mimicking monolayers and cell lines. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Jurek
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Michał Chudy
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw Poland
| | - Kamil Wojciechowski
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw Poland
- SaponLabs Ltd. Warsaw Poland
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12
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Tucker I, Burley A, Petkova R, Hosking S, Webster J, Li P, Ma K, Doutch J, Penfold J, Thomas R. Self-assembly in saponin mixtures: Escin/tea, tea/glycyrrhizic acid, and escin/glycyrrhizic acid mixtures. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Glikman D, García Rey N, Richert M, Meister K, Braunschweig B. pH effects on the molecular structure and charging state of β-Escin biosurfactants at the air-water interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:1754-1761. [PMID: 34598032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Saponins like β-escin exhibit an unusually high surface activity paired with a remarkable surface rheology which makes them as biosurfactants highly interesting for applications in soft matter colloids and at interfaces. We have applied vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG) to study β-escin adsorption layers at the air-water interface as a function of electrolyte pH and compare the results from SFG spectroscopy to complementary experiments that have addressed the surface tension and the surface dilational rheology. SFG spectra of β-escin modified air-water interfaces demonstrate that the SFG intensity of OH stretching vibrations from interfacial water molecules is a function of pH and dramatically increases when the pH is increased from acidic to basic conditions and reaches a plateau at a solution pH of > 6. These changes are attributable to the interfacial charging state and to the deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group of β-escin. Thus, the change in OH intensity provides qualitative information on the degree of protonation of this group at the air-water interface. At pH < 4 the air-water interface is dominated by the charge neutral form of β-escin, while at pH > 6 its carboxylic acid group is fully deprotonated and, consequently, the interface is highly charged. These observations are corroborated by the change in equilibrium surface tension which is qualitatively similar to the change in OH intensity as seen in the SFG spectra. Further, once the surface layer is charge neutral, the surface elasticity drastically increases. This can be attributed to a change in prevailing intermolecular interactions that change from dominating repulsive electrostatic interactions at high pH, to dominating attractive interactions, such as hydrophobic and dispersive interactions, as well as, hydrogen bonding at low pH values. In addition to the clear changes in OH intensity from interfacial H2O, the SFG spectra exhibit drastic changes in the CH bands from interfacial β-escin which we relate to differences in the net molecular orientation. This orientation change is driven by tighter packing of β-escin adsorption layers when the β-escin moiety is in its charge neutral form (pH < 4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Glikman
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Natalia García Rey
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Manuela Richert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Konrad Meister
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany; University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, AK 99801, United States
| | - Björn Braunschweig
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster 48149, Germany.
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Jurek I, Szuplewska A, Chudy M, Wojciechowski K. Soapwort ( Saponaria officinalis L.) Extract vs. Synthetic Surfactants-Effect on Skin-Mimetic Models. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185628. [PMID: 34577098 PMCID: PMC8467643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our skin is continuously exposed to different amphiphilic substances capable of interaction with its lipids and proteins. We describe the effect of a saponin-rich soapwort extract and of four commonly employed synthetic surfactants: sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS), cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) on different human skin models. Two human skin cell lines were employed: normal keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human melanoma cells (A375). The liposomes consisting of a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol mixture in a molar ratio of 7:3, mimicking the cell membrane of keratinocytes and melanoma cells were employed as the second model. Using dynamic light scattering (DLS), the particle size distribution of liposomes was analyzed before and after contact with the tested (bio)surfactants. The results, supplemented by the protein solubilization tests (albumin denaturation test, zein test) and oil emulsification capacity (using olive oil and engine oil), showed that the soapwort extract affects the skin models to a clearly different extent than any of the tested synthetic surfactants. Its protein and lipid solubilizing potential are much smaller than for the three anionic surfactants (SLS, ALS, SLES). In terms of protein solubilization potential, the soapwort extract is comparable to CAPB, which, however, is much harsher to lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Jurek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (I.J.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Aleksandra Szuplewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (I.J.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Michał Chudy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (I.J.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Kamil Wojciechowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (I.J.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
- SaponLabs Ltd., Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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15
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Flexible Sample Environments for the Investigation of Soft Matter at the European Spallation Source: Part I—The In Situ SANS/DLS Setup. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As part of the development of the new European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund (Sweden), which will provide the most brilliant neutron beams worldwide, it is necessary to provide different sample environments with which the potential of the new source can be exploited as soon as possible from the start of operation. The overarching goal of the project is to reduce the downtimes of the instruments related to changing the sample environment by developing plug and play sample environments for different soft matter samples using the same general carrier platform and also providing full software integration and control by just using unified connectors. In the present article, as a part of this endeavor, the sample environment for in situ SANS and dynamic light scattering measurements is introduced.
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Geisler R, Pedersen MC, Preisig N, Hannappel Y, Prévost S, Dattani R, Arleth L, Hellweg T. Aescin - a natural soap for the formation of lipid nanodiscs with tunable size. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1888-1900. [PMID: 33410858 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The saponin β-aescin from the seed extract of the horse chestnut tree Aesculus hippocastanum has demonstrated a beneficial role in clinical therapy which is in part related to its strong interaction with biological membranes. In this context the present work investigates the self-assembly of nm-sized discoidal lipid nanoparticles composed of β-aescin and the phospholipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC). The discoidal lipid nanoparticles reassemble from small discs into larger discs, ribbons and finally stacks of sheets upon heating from gel-phase to fluid phase DMPC. The morphological transition of the lipid nano-particles is mainly triggered by the phospholipid phase state change. The final morphology depends on the phospholipid-to-saponin ratio and the actual temperature. The study is conducted by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission (TEM) and freeze fracture electron microscopy (FFEM) are used to cover larger length scales. Two different models, representing a disc and ribbon-like shape are applied to the SAXS data, evaluating possible geometries and molecular mixing of the nano-particles. The stacked sheets are analysed by the Caillé theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsia Geisler
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Martin Cramer Pedersen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalie Preisig
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yvonne Hannappel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Rajeev Dattani
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Lise Arleth
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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17
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Kharbedia M, Caselli N, Herráez-Aguilar D, López-Menéndez H, Enciso E, Santiago JA, Monroy F. Moulding hydrodynamic 2D-crystals upon parametric Faraday waves in shear-functionalized water surfaces. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1130. [PMID: 33602940 PMCID: PMC7892544 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Faraday waves, or surface waves oscillating at half of the natural frequency when a liquid is vertically vibrated, are archetypes of ordering transitions on liquid surfaces. Although unbounded Faraday waves patterns sustained upon bulk frictional stresses have been reported in highly viscous fluids, the role of surface rigidity has not been investigated so far. Here, we demonstrate that dynamically frozen Faraday waves-that we call 2D-hydrodynamic crystals-do appear as ordered patterns of nonlinear gravity-capillary modes in water surfaces functionalized with soluble (bio)surfactants endowing in-plane shear stiffness. The phase coherence in conjunction with the increased surface rigidity bears the Faraday waves ordering transition, upon which the hydrodynamic crystals were reversibly molded under parametric control of their degree of order, unit cell size and symmetry. The hydrodynamic crystals here discovered could be exploited in touchless strategies of soft matter and biological scaffolding ameliorated under external control of Faraday waves coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikheil Kharbedia
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Niccolò Caselli
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain ,grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Translational Biophysics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Herráez-Aguilar
- grid.449795.20000 0001 2193 453XInstituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid Spain
| | - Horacio López-Menéndez
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain ,grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Translational Biophysics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Enciso
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Santiago
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain ,grid.7220.70000 0001 2157 0393Matemáticas Aplicadas y Sistemas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Monroy
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain ,grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Translational Biophysics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Qiu J, Chen L, Zhan M, Laurent R, Bignon J, Mignani S, Shi X, Caminade AM, Majoral JP. Facile Synthesis of Amphiphilic Fluorescent Phosphorus Dendron-Based Micelles as Antiproliferative Agents: First Investigations. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:339-349. [PMID: 33522223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized several families of novel amphiphilic fluorescent phosphorus dendron-based micelles showing relevant antiproliferative activities for use in the field of theranostic nanomedicine. Based on straightforward synthesis pathways, 12 amphiphilic phosphorus dendrons bearing 10 protonated cyclic amino groups (generation one), or 20 protonated amino groups (generation two), and 1 hydrophobic chain carrying 1 fluorophore moiety were created. The amphiphilic dendron micelles had the capacity to aggregate in solution using hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions, which promoted the formation of polymeric micelles. These dendron-based micelles showed moderate to high antiproliferative activities against a panel of tumor cell lines. This paper presents for the first time the synthesis and our first investigations of new phosphorus dendron-based micelles for cancer therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Qiu
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mengsi Zhan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Régis Laurent
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles du CNRS, 1, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Paris, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Serge Mignani
- Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, 45, rue des Saints Peres, 75006, Paris, France.,CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.,CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France
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19
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Saponin Micelles Lead to High Mucosal Permeation and In Vivo Efficacy of Solubilized Budesonide. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090847. [PMID: 32899549 PMCID: PMC7558607 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to fast nasal mucociliary clearance, only the dissolved drug content can effectively permeate the mucosa and be pharmaceutically active after intranasal application of suspensions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to increase the budesonide concentration in solution of a nasal spray formulation. Budesonide, a highly water-insoluble corticosteroid, was successfully solubilized using a micellar formulation comprising escin, propylene glycol and dexpanthenol in an aqueous buffered environment (“Budesolv”). A formulation based on this micellar system was well-tolerated in the nasal cavity as shown in a good laboratory practice (GLP) local tolerance study in rabbits. Ex vivo permeation studies into porcine nasal mucosa revealed a faster and more efficient absorption. Budesolv with 300 µg/mL solubilized budesonide resulted in a budesonide concentration of 42 µg/g tissue after only 15 min incubation. In comparison, incubation with the marketed product Rhinocort® aqua 64 (1.28 mg/mL budesonide as suspension) led to 15 µg/g tissue. The in vivo tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-α secretion in an acute lung inflammation mouse model was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) following a prophylactic treatment with Budesolv compared to Rhinocort® aqua 64. Successful treatment 15 min after the challenge was only possible with Budesolv (40% reduction of TNF-α, p = 0.0012) suggesting a faster onset of action. The data reveal that solubilization based on saponin micelles presents an opportunity for the development of products containing hardly soluble substances that result in a faster onset and a better topical treatment effect.
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20
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Effect of Cholesterol and Ibuprofen on DMPC-β-Aescin Bicelles: A Temperature-Dependent Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Study. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
β -aescin is a versatile biosurfactant extracted from the seeds of the horse chestnut tree Aesculus hippocastanum with anti-cancer potential and is commonly used in the food and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In this article, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) is used in order to study the modifications of the structural parameters at the molecular scale of lipid bilayers in the form of bicelles composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and the triterpenoid saponin β -aescin. In particular, the impact on the cooperative phase transition and the structural parameters of the DMPC bilayers at different compositions and temperatures is of special interest. Moreover, we show how cholesterol and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ibuprofen modulate the structural parameters of the β -aescin-DMPC assemblies on a molecular scale. Ibuprofen and cholesterol interact with different parts of the bilayer, namely the head-region in the former and the tail-region in the latter case allowing for specific molecular packing and phase formation in the binary and ternary mixtures.
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21
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Surface activity and foaming properties of saponin-rich plants extracts. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 279:102145. [PMID: 32229329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Saponins are amphiphilic glycosidic secondary metabolites produced by numerous plants. So far only few of them have been thoroughly analyzed and even less have found industrial applications as biosurfactants. In this contribution we screen 45 plants from different families, reported to be rich in saponins, for their surface activity and foaming properties. For this purpose, the room-temperature aqueous extracts (macerates) from the alleged saponin-rich plant organs were prepared and spray-dried under the same conditions, in presence of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate as preservatives and drying aids. For 15 selected plants, the extraction was also performed using hot water (decoction for 15 min) but high temperature in most cases deteriorated surface activity of the extracts. To our knowledge, for most of the extracts this is the first quantitative report on their surface activity. Among the tested plants, only 3 showed the ability to reduce surface tension of their solutions by more than 20 mN/m at 1% dry extract mass content. The adsorption layers forming spontaneously on the surface of these extracts showed a broad range of surface dilational rheology responses - from null to very high, with surface dilational elasticity modulus, E' in excess of 100 mN/m for 5 plants. In all cases the surface dilational response was dominated by the elastic contribution, typical for saponins and other biosurfactants. Almost all extracts showed the ability to froth, but only 32 could sustain the foam for more than 1 min (for 11 extracts the foams were stable during at least 10 min). In general, the ability to lower surface tension and to produce adsorbed layers with high surface elasticity did not correlate well with the ability to form and sustain the foam. Based on the overall characteristics, Saponaria officinalis L. (soapwort), Avena sativa L. (oat), Aesculus hippocastanum L. (horse chestnut), Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (quinoa), Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert (cowherb) and Glycine max (L.) Merr. (soybean) are proposed as the best potential sources of saponins for surfactant applications in natural cosmetic and household products.
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22
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Smart microgels as drug delivery vehicles for the natural drug aescin: uptake, release and interactions. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIn the present study, we show how acrylamide-based microgels can be employed for the uptake and release of the drug β-aescin, a widely used natural product with a variety of pharmacological effects. We show how aescin is incorporated into the microgel particles. It has an important influence on the structure of the microgels, by reducing their natural network-density gradient in the swollen state. Moreover, temperature-dependent measurements reveal how the incorporation of aescin stabilizes the microgel particles, while the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) is almost constant, which is very important for the intended drug release. Finally, it is shown that upon increase of the temperature above the VPTT the particles are able to release aescin from their network, encouraging the use of this particular drug delivery system for hypothermia treatments.
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23
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Geisler R, Dargel C, Hellweg T. The Biosurfactant β-Aescin: A Review on the Physico-Chemical Properties and Its Interaction with Lipid Model Membranes and Langmuir Monolayers. Molecules 2019; 25:E117. [PMID: 31892278 PMCID: PMC6983251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses recent progress in physicochemical understanding of the action of the saponin β -aescin (also called β -escin), the biologically active component in the seeds of the horse chestnut tree Aesculus hippocastanum. β -Aescin is used in pharmacological and cosmetic applications showing strong surface activity. In this review, we outline the most important findings describing the behavior of β -aescin in solution (e.g., critical micelle concentration ( c m c ) and micelle shape) and special physicochemical properties of adsorbed β -aescin monolayers at the air-water and oil-water interface. Such monolayers were found to posses very special viscoelastic properties. The presentation of the experimental findings is complemented by discussing recent molecular dynamics simulations. These simulations do not only quantify the predominant interactions in adsorbed monolayers but also highlight the different behavior of neutral and ionized β -aescin molecules. The review concludes on the interaction of β -aescin with phospholipid model membranes in the form of bilayers and Langmuir monolayers. The interaction of β -aescin with lipid bilayers was found to strongly depend on its c m c . At concentrations below the c m c , membrane parameters are modified whereas above the c m c , complete solubilization of the bilayers occurs, depending on lipid phase state and concentration. In the presence of gel-phase phospholipids, discoidal bicelles form; these are tunable in size by composition. The phase behavior of β -aescin with lipid membranes can also be modified by addition of other molecules such as cholesterol or drug molecules. The lipid phase state also determines the penetration rate of β -aescin molecules into lipid monolayers. The strongest interaction was always found in the presence of gel-phase phospholipid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsia Geisler
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (R.G.); (C.D.)
- Soft Matter at Interfaces, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Carina Dargel
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (R.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (R.G.); (C.D.)
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24
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Geisler R, Pedersen MC, Hannappel Y, Schweins R, Prévost S, Dattani R, Arleth L, Hellweg T. Aescin-Induced Conversion of Gel-Phase Lipid Membranes into Bicelle-like Lipid Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:16244-16255. [PMID: 31618036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of the phospholipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and the saponin β-aescin spontaneously form monodisperse, bilayered discoidal micelles (also known as "bicelles" or "nanodisks") in aqueous solution. Such bicelles form below the melting temperature of DMPC when the phospholipids are in the rigid Lβ' state and are precursors of spontaneously formed vesicles. The aescin concentration must be far above the cmcaescin (≈0.3-0.4 mM). It was found that the shape and size of the bicelles are tunable by composition. High amounts of aescin decrease the size of the bicelles from diameters of ∼300 Å at 7 mol % to ∼120 Å at 30 mol % β-aescin. The structures are scrutinized by complementary small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering experiments. The scattering curves are subsequently analyzed by a model-independent (indirect Fourier transform analysis) and a model-based approach where bicelles are described as polydisperse bilayer disks encircled by a β-aescin rim. Moreover, the monomodal distribution and low polydispersity of the samples were confirmed by photon correlation spectroscopy. The discoidal structures were visualized by transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Cramer Pedersen
- Niels Bohr Institute , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue-Langevin , DS/LSS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs , 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron , 71 Avenue des Martyrs , 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
| | - Rajeev Dattani
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron , 71 Avenue des Martyrs , 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
| | - Lise Arleth
- Niels Bohr Institute , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
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