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Bello V, Bodo E, Merlo S. Optical Multi-Parameter Measuring System for Fluid and Air Bubble Recognition. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6684. [PMID: 37571470 PMCID: PMC10422303 DOI: 10.3390/s23156684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Detection of air bubbles in fluidic channels plays a fundamental role in all that medical equipment where liquids flow inside patients' blood vessels or bodies. In this work, we propose a multi-parameter sensing system for simultaneous recognition of the fluid, on the basis of its refractive index and of the air bubble transit. The selected optofluidic platform has been designed and studied to be integrated into automatic pumps for the administration of commercial liquid. The sensor includes a laser beam that crosses twice a plastic cuvette, provided with a back mirror, and a position-sensitive detector. The identification of fluids is carried out by measuring the displacement of the output beam on the detector active surface and the detection of single air bubbles can be performed with the same instrumental scheme, exploiting a specific signal analysis. When a bubble, traveling along the cuvette, crosses the readout light beam, radiation is strongly scattered and a characteristic fingerprint shape of the photo-detected signals versus time is clearly observed. Experimental testing proves that air bubbles can be successfully detected and counted. Their traveling speed can be estimated while simultaneously monitoring the refractive index of the fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabina Merlo
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.B.); (E.B.)
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2
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Bie H, Li Y, Xue L, Wang Y, Liu G, Hao Z, An W. A visualized investigation of bubble breakup in a swirl‐venturi bubble generator. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Bie
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Licheng Xue
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Qingdao China
| | - Gang Liu
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Qingdao China
| | - Zongrui Hao
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Qingdao China
| | - Weizhong An
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong China
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Microbubble generation with rapid dissolution of ammonia (NH3)-hydrogen (H2) mixed gas fed from a nozzle into water. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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In search of a Mpemba effect protocol: Some hot water does cool and freeze faster than cold. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Liu G, Bie H, Hao Z, Wang Y, Ren W, Hua Z. Microbubble generation driven by the oscillation in a self‐excited fluidic oscillator. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Qingdao China
| | - Haiyan Bie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Zongrui Hao
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Qingdao China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Qingdao China
| | - Wanlong Ren
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Qingdao China
| | - Zhili Hua
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Qingdao China
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6
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Numerical Characterization of Acoustic Cavitation Bubbles with Respect to the Bubble Size Distribution at Equilibrium. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to bubble number density, bubble size distribution is an important population parameter governing the activity of acoustic cavitation bubbles. In the present paper, an iterative numerical method for equilibrium size distribution is proposed and combined to a model for bubble counting, in order to approach the number density within a population of acoustic cavitation bubbles of inhomogeneous sizing, hence the sonochemical activity of the inhomogeneous population based on discretization into homogenous groups. The composition of the inhomogeneous population is analyzed based on cavitation dynamics and shape stability at 300 kHz and 0.761 W/cm2 within the ambient radii interval ranging from 1 to 5 µm. Unstable oscillation is observed starting from a radius of 2.5 µm. Results are presented in terms of number probability, number density, and volume probability within the population of acoustic cavitation bubbles. The most probable group having an equilibrium radius of 3 µm demonstrated a probability in terms of number density of 27%. In terms of contribution to the void, the sub-population of 4 µm plays a major role with a fraction of 24%. Comparisons are also performed with the homogenous population case both in terms of number density of bubbles and sonochemical production of HO•,HO2•, and H• under an oxygen atmosphere.
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Towards a microbubble condenser: Dispersed microbubble mediation of additional heat transfer in aqueous solutions due to phase change dynamics in airlift vessels. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Fan W, An W, Huo M, Xiao D, Lyu T, Cui J. An integrated approach using ozone nanobubble and cyclodextrin inclusion complexation to enhance the removal of micropollutants. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 196:117039. [PMID: 33761397 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) has been widely used for the elimination of recalcitrant micropollutants in aqueous environments, due to its strong oxidation ability. However, the utilization efficiency of O3 is constrained by its low solubility and short half-life during the treatment process. Herein, an integrated approach, using nanobubble technology and micro-environmental chemistry within cyclodextrin inclusion cavities, was studied in order to enhance the reactivity of ozonisation. Compared with traditional macrobubble aeration with O3 in water, nanobubble aeration achieved 1.7 times higher solubility of O3, and increased the mass transfer coefficient 4.7 times. Moreover, the addition of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) further increased the stability of O3 through formation of an inclusion complex in its molecule-specific cavity. At a HPβCD:O3 molar ratio of 10:1, the lifespan of O3 reached 18 times longer than in a HPβCD-free O3 solution. Such approach accelerated the removal efficiency of the model micropollutant, 4-chlorophenol by 6.9 times, compared with conventional macrobubble ozonation. Examination of the HPβCD inclusion complex by UV-visible spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analyses revealed that both O3 and 4-chlorophenol entered the HPβCD cavity, and Benesi-Hildebrand plots indicated a 1:1 stoichiometry of the host and guest compounds. Additionally, molecular docking simulations were conducted in order to confirm the formation of a ternary complex of HPβCD:4-chlorophenol:O3 and to determine the optimal inclusion mode. With these results, our study highlights the viability of the proposed integrated approach to enhance the ozonation of organic micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Wengang An
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Mingxin Huo
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, 1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Tao Lyu
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Jingyu Cui
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China
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Padilla AM, Weber TC. Acoustic backscattering observations from non-spherical gas bubbles with ka between 0.03 and 4.4. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:2504. [PMID: 33940916 DOI: 10.1121/10.0004246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study of gas bubbles in liquid media is of importance in many areas of research. Gas bubbles are often studied using in situ measurement techniques; however, acoustic inversion techniques have also been used to extract physical properties of gas bubbles. These inversion techniques rely on existing analytical scattering models; however, these models often assume that the gas bubbles are spherical in shape and have an equivalent bubble radius, a, that is small compared to the incident acoustic wavelength (ka ≪ 1), which is not always valid. This study aims to understand how the departure from these assumptions affects the acoustic backscattering cross section, σbs, of non-spherical gas bubbles. Experimental estimates of σbs of non-spherical gas bubbles of different sizes, with ka values ranging between 0.03 and 4.4, were compared to four commonly known analytical σbs models. All models performed equally at predicting σbs for ka smaller than 0.5; however, there was no model that better predicted the experimental estimates of σbs for ka larger than 0.5, regardless of bubble shape. Large variabilities in the experimental estimates of σbs are observed for ka larger than 0.5, which are caused by the variability in bubble shape and size, as well as the bubble's orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Padilla
- School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire, 8 College Road, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Thomas C Weber
- Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire, 24 Colovos Road, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
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Abstract
If a gas volume is distributed into many microbubbles of a sub-millimetre size, the total gas/liquid surface becomes very large. This increases overall heat and/or mass transport across the sum of surfaces. The paper discusses several applications in which the use of microbubbles increases efficiency of various processes, especially in wastewater treatment and in growing microorganisms such as algae, yeast, bacteria, or primitive fungi. The problem of microbubble generation by percolation in aerator is their coalescence into larger bubbles, whatever small are the pores in the aerator in which the microbubbles are generated. The solution of this size discrepancy question was found in agitating the gas flow by a fluidic oscillator prior to its injection through the aerator. The oscillator is a no-moving-part device, simple, inexpensive, resistant to external effects like acceleration or heat, and with long maintenance-free working life.
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Abstract
Microbubbles have been involved in industrial processing since the 1970s with the introduction of dissolved air flotation into common practice. The turn of the century saw microbubbles become regularly used in medical imaging. But in bioprocessing, only this decade has seen rapid advances in R&D, with some bioprocesses, particularly in wastewater treatment, adopted at full industrial scale, and others at pilot scale, such as anaerobic digestion and fermentation, which is full industrial scale for many biomanufacturing and pharmaceutical processes. This article reviews the methods of microbubble generation only briefly, as it turns out only one generation method, fluidic oscillation through microporous diffusers, has the requisite features for introduction into full scale fermentation processes. Subsequently, six fundamental physicochemical hydrodynamics mechanisms that have been exploited by microbubble innovations in bioprocessing are presented and analyzed, particularly for the roles they play in bioprocessing applications. Some examples are drawn with applications to microalgal and yeast processing, as well as usage in wastewater treatment processes. Because the smallest microbubbles can increase rates in some of these six fundamental processes by several orders of magnitude over conventional processing methods, with the optimal contacting patterns, the promise for wider exploitation in bioprocessing is substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Gilmour
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - W B Zimmerman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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