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Kober UA, Ogbuoji EA, Hutchinson JA, Mueser TC, Schall CA. Equilibration of precipitants in a counter-diffusion apparatus for protein crystallization. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:1057-1065. [PMID: 37555216 PMCID: PMC10405592 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723004958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A cost-effective capillary dialysis apparatus (Toledo Capillary Box, TCB) developed for biomacromolecule crystal growth in microgravity and unit gravity environments can provide slow equilibration between the precipitant reservoir and capillary solutions, nurturing growth of neutron-diffraction-quality crystals. Under microgravity conditions, mass transfer of precipitants and biomacro-mol-ecules occurs under diffusion-controlled conditions, promoting slow growth and suppressing defect formation. The equilibration of common precipitants (polyethyl-ene glycol and salts such as ammonium sulfate) between capillary and reservoir solutions was measured for capillaries oriented horizontally or vertically with respect to the gravitational field at unit gravity. Precipitants equilibrated less rapidly in the vertical orientation when capillary solution densities were lower than those of the reservoir solutions. A plug filled with agarose gel was introduced in the TCB apparatus for salt precipitants since salts often exhibit relatively high free diffusion. Equilibration of the capillaries with reservoir solutions was significantly delayed for many of the salt precipitants tested. Analytical and semi-analytical models allow the prediction of precipitant equilibration of capillary and reservoir solutions under diffusion-controlled transport and show good agreement with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto A. Kober
- University of Toledo, Chemical Engineering, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Ebuka A. Ogbuoji
- University of Toledo, Chemical Engineering, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - John A. Hutchinson
- University of Toledo, Chemical Engineering, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Timothy C. Mueser
- University of Toledo, Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Constance A. Schall
- University of Toledo, Chemical Engineering, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Okuda-Shimazaki J, Yoshida H, Lee I, Kojima K, Suzuki N, Tsugawa W, Yamada M, Inaka K, Tanaka H, Sode K. Microgravity environment grown crystal structure information based engineering of direct electron transfer type glucose dehydrogenase. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1334. [PMID: 36473944 PMCID: PMC9727119 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterotrimeric flavin adenine dinucleotide dependent glucose dehydrogenase is a promising enzyme for direct electron transfer (DET) principle-based glucose sensors within continuous glucose monitoring systems. We elucidate the structure of the subunit interface of this enzyme by preparing heterotrimer complex protein crystals grown under a space microgravity environment. Based on the proposed structure, we introduce inter-subunit disulfide bonds between the small and electron transfer subunits (5 pairs), as well as the catalytic and the electron transfer subunits (9 pairs). Without compromising the enzyme's catalytic efficiency, a mutant enzyme harboring Pro205Cys in the catalytic subunit, Asp383Cys and Tyr349Cys in the electron transfer subunit, and Lys155Cys in the small subunit, is determined to be the most stable of the variants. The developed engineered enzyme demonstrate a higher catalytic activity and DET ability than the wild type. This mutant retains its full activity below 70 °C as well as after incubation at 75 °C for 15 min - much higher temperatures than the current gold standard enzyme, glucose oxidase, is capable of withstanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Okuda-Shimazaki
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC27599 USA
| | - Hiromi Yoshida
- grid.258331.e0000 0000 8662 309XDepartment of Basic Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793 Japan
| | - Inyoung Lee
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC27599 USA
| | - Katsuhiro Kojima
- grid.136594.c0000 0001 0689 5974Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Nanoha Suzuki
- grid.136594.c0000 0001 0689 5974Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Wakako Tsugawa
- grid.136594.c0000 0001 0689 5974Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Mitsugu Yamada
- grid.62167.340000 0001 2220 7916JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8505 Japan
| | - Koji Inaka
- grid.459744.fMaruwa Foods and Biosciences, 170-1 Tsutsui-cho, Yamato Koriyama-shi, Nara 639-1123 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- grid.459486.2Confocal Science Inc., Musashino Bldg, 5-14-15 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-0081 Japan
| | - Koji Sode
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC27599 USA
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Through Diffusion Measurements of Molecules to a Numerical Model for Protein Crystallization in Viscous Polyethylene Glycol Solution. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12070881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein crystallography has become a popular method for biochemists, but obtaining high-quality protein crystals for precise structural analysis and larger ones for neutron analysis requires further technical progress. Many studies have noted the importance of solvent viscosity for the probability of crystal nucleation and for mass transportation; therefore, in this paper, we have reported on experimental results and simulation studies regarding the use of viscous polyethylene glycol (PEG) solvents for protein crystals. We investigated the diffusion rates of proteins, peptides, and small molecules in viscous PEG solvents using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. In high-molecular-weight PEG solutions (molecular weights: 10,000 and 20,000), solute diffusion showed deviations, with a faster diffusion than that estimated by the Stokes–Einstein equation. We showed that the extent of the deviation depends on the difference between the molecular sizes of the solute and PEG solvent, and succeeded in creating equations to predict diffusion coefficients in viscous PEG solutions. Using these equations, we have developed a new numerical model of 1D diffusion processes of proteins and precipitants in a counter-diffusion chamber during crystallization processes. Examples of the application of anomalous diffusion in counter-diffusion crystallization are shown by the growth of lysozyme crystals.
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Yuan Z, Wu M, Meng Y, Niu Y, Xiao W, Ruan X, He G, Jiang X. Protein crystal regulation and harvest via electric field-based method. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Au SX, Noor NDM, Matsumura H, Rahman RNZRA, Normi YM. Procedure of the overexpression, purification and crystallization of BLEG-1, a bifunctional and evolutionary divergent B3 metallo-β-lactamase, for structure-function studies. MethodsX 2022; 9:101740. [PMID: 35707637 PMCID: PMC9189199 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Yu F, Mao Y, Zhao H, Zhang X, Wang T, Yuan M, Ding S, Wang N, Huang X, Hao H. Enhancement of Continuous Crystallization of Lysozyme through Ultrasound. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yafei Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongtu Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiunan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingpu Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Suping Ding
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Na Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China
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