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Panzade P, Wagh A, Harale P, Bhilwade S. Pharmaceutical cocrystals: a rising star in drug delivery applications. J Drug Target 2024; 32:115-127. [PMID: 38164658 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2300690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical cocrystals, owing to their manifold applications, are acting as bridge between drug discovery and pharmaceutical product development. The ability to scale up pharmaceutical cocrystals through continuous manufacturing approaches offers superior and economic pharmaceutical products. Moreover, cocrystals can be an aid for the nanoparticulate systems to solve the issues related to scale-up and cost. Cocrystals grabbed attention of academic researchers and pharmaceutical scientist due to their potential to target various diseases like cancer. The present review is mainly focussed on the diverse and comprehensive applications of pharmaceutical cocrystals in drug delivery including solubility and dissolution enhancement, improvement of bioavailability of drug, mechanical and flow properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients, controlled/sustained release and colour tuning of API. Besides, phytochemical based cocrystals, multi-drug cocrystals and cocrystals for tumour therapy have been discussed in this review. Additionally, recent progress pertinent to pharmaceutical cocrystals is also included, which may provide future directions to manufacturing and scale-up of cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Panzade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India
| | - Anita Wagh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India
| | - Pratiksha Harale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India
| | - Sumeet Bhilwade
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India
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O'Sullivan A, Long B, Verma V, Ryan KM, Padrela L. Solid-State and Particle Size Control of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals using Atomization-Based Techniques. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121798. [PMID: 35525471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Poor bioavailability and aqueous solubility represent a major constraint during the development of new API molecules and can influence the impact of new medicines or halt their approval to the market. Cocrystals offer a novel and competitive advantage over other conventional methods with respect towards the substantial improvement in solubility profiles relative to the single-API crystals. Furthermore, the production of such cocrystals through atomization-based methods allow for greater control, with respect to particle size reduction, to further increase the solubility of the API. Such atomization-based methods include supercritical fluid methods, conventional spray drying and electrohydrodynamic atomization/electrospraying. The influence of process parameters such as solution flow rates, pressure and solution concentration, in controlling the solid-state and final particle size are discussed in this review with respect to atomization-based methods. For the last decade, literature has been attempting to catch-up with new regulatory rulings regarding the classification of cocrystals, due in part to data sparsity. In recent years, there has been an increase in cocrystal publications, specifically employing atomization-based methods. This review considers the benefits to employing atomization-based methods for the generation of pharmaceutical cocrystals, examines the most recent regulatory changes regarding cocrystals and provides an outlook towards the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron O'Sullivan
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Barry Long
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Vivek Verma
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Luis Padrela
- SSPC Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Kumar Bandaru R, Rout SR, Kenguva G, Gorain B, Alhakamy NA, Kesharwani P, Dandela R. Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Cocrystals: From Bench to Market. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:780582. [PMID: 34858194 PMCID: PMC8632238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.780582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics profile of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the solid pharmaceutical dosage forms is largely dependent on the solid-state characteristics of the chemicals to understand the physicochemical properties by particle size, size distribution, surface area, solubility, stability, porosity, thermal properties, etc. The formation of salts, solvates, and polymorphs are the conventional strategies for altering the solid characteristics of pharmaceutical compounds, but they have their own limitations. Cocrystallization approach was established as an alternative method for tuning the solubility, permeability, and processability of APIs by introducing another compatible molecule/s into the crystal structure without affecting its therapeutic efficacy to successfully develop the formulation with the desired pharmacokinetic profile. In the present review, we have grossly focused on cocrystallization, particularly at different stages of development, from design to production. Furthermore, we have also discussed regulatory guidelines for pharmaceutical industries and challenges associated with the design, development and production of pharmaceutical cocrystals with commercially available cocrystal-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Bandaru
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Smruti Rekha Rout
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Gowtham Kenguva
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, India
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Tanaka R, Osotprasit S, Peerapattana J, Ashizawa K, Hattori Y, Otsuka M. Complete Cocrystal Formation during Resonant Acoustic Wet Granulation: Effect of Granulation Liquids. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010056. [PMID: 33406659 PMCID: PMC7823328 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The manufacturing of solid pharmaceutical dosage forms composed of cocrystals requires numerous processes during which there is risk of dissociation into parent molecules. Resonant acoustic wet granulation (RAG) was devised in an effort to complete theophylline–citric acid (THPCIT) cocrystal formation during the granulation process, thereby reducing the number of operations. In addition, the influence of granulation liquid was investigated. A mixture of anhydrous THP (drug), anhydrous CIT (coformer), and hydroxypropyl cellulose (granulating agent) was processed by RAG with water or ethanol as a granulation liquid. The purposes were to (i) form granules using RAG as a breakthrough method; (ii) accomplish the cocrystallization during the integrated unit operation; and (iii) characterize the final solid product (i.e., tablet). The RAG procedure achieved complete cocrystal formation (>99%) and adequately sized granules (d50: >250 μm). The granulation using water (GW) facilitated formation of cocrystal hydrate which were then transformed into anhydrous cocrystal after drying, while the granulation using ethanol (GE) resulted in the formation of anhydrous cocrystal before and after drying. The dissolution of the highly dense GW tablet, which was compressed from granules including fine powder due to the dehydration, was slower than that of the GE tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Supisara Osotprasit
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.O.); (J.P.)
| | - Jomjai Peerapattana
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.O.); (J.P.)
| | - Kazuhide Ashizawa
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Hattori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.H.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan;
| | - Makoto Otsuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.H.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-42-468-8658
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