1
|
Li P, Ma X, Gong G, Xu C, Zhang Z. Room-Temperature, Solution-Processed, Robust, Transparent, and Conductive SiO x/AgNW Nanocomposite Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:43724-43733. [PMID: 39121209 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
AgNW networks show high promise as a conductive material due to excellent flexibility, low resistance, high transparency, and ease of large-scale preparation. However, the application of AgNW networks has been hindered by their inherent characteristics, such as easy oxidation degradation, chemical corrosion, and structural instability at high temperatures. In this study, a dense SiOx protective layer derived from perhydropolysilazane was introduced to fabricate a robust SiOx/AgNW nanocomposite coating through an all-solution process at room temperature. The achieved nanocomposite coating shows outstanding thermal stability up to 450 °C, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, and excellent mechanical performance by maintaining stability after 10,000 cycles of bending at a radius of 2.5 mm, 1000 cycles of peeling, and 1200 cycles of wearing. Meanwhile, the nanocomposite coating demonstrates exceptional chemical tolerance against HCl, Na2S, and organic solvents. A transparent heater based on the nanocomposite coating achieves a remarkable benchmark with a maximum temperature of 400 °C at 20 V. These features highlight the potential of the nanocomposite coating in flexible electronics, optoelectronics, touch screens, and high-performance heaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, People's Republic China
| | - Xu Ma
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, People's Republic China
| | - Guifen Gong
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, People's Republic China
| | - Caihong Xu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongbo Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Althumayri M, Das R, Banavath R, Beker L, Achim AM, Ceylan Koydemir H. Recent Advances in Transparent Electrodes and Their Multimodal Sensing Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405099. [PMID: 39120484 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This review examines the recent advancements in transparent electrodes and their crucial role in multimodal sensing technologies. Transparent electrodes, notable for their optical transparency and electrical conductivity, are revolutionizing sensors by enabling the simultaneous detection of diverse physical, chemical, and biological signals. Materials like graphene, carbon nanotubes, and conductive polymers, which offer a balance between optical transparency, electrical conductivity, and mechanical flexibility, are at the forefront of this development. These electrodes are integral in various applications, from healthcare to solar cell technologies, enhancing sensor performance in complex environments. The paper addresses challenges in applying these electrodes, such as the need for mechanical flexibility, high optoelectronic performance, and biocompatibility. It explores new materials and innovative techniques to overcome these hurdles, aiming to broaden the capabilities of multimodal sensing devices. The review provides a comparative analysis of different transparent electrode materials, discussing their applications and the ongoing development of novel electrode systems for multimodal sensing. This exploration offers insights into future advancements in transparent electrodes, highlighting their transformative potential in bioelectronics and multimodal sensing technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majed Althumayri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ritu Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Ramu Banavath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Levent Beker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Alin M Achim
- School of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Hatice Ceylan Koydemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adilbekova B, Scaccabarozzi AD, Faber H, Nugraha MI, Bruevich V, Kaltsas D, Naphade DR, Wehbe N, Emwas AH, Alshareef HN, Podzorov V, Martín J, Tsetseris L, Anthopoulos TD. Enhancing the Electrical Conductivity and Long-Term Stability of PEDOT:PSS Electrodes through Sequential Treatment with Nitric Acid and Cesium Chloride. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405094. [PMID: 39097951 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Solution-processable poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is an important polymeric conductor used extensively in organic flexible, wearable, and stretchable optoelectronics. However, further enhancing its conductivity and long-term stability while maintaining its superb mechanical properties remains challenging. Here, a novel post-treatment approach to enhance the electrical properties and stability of sub-20-nm-thin PEDOT:PSS films processed from solution is introduced. The approach involves a sequential post-treatment with HNO3 and CsCl, resulting in a remarkable enhancement of the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films to over 5500 S cm-1, along with improved carrier mobility. The post-treated films exhibit remarkable air stability, retaining over 85% of their initial conductivity even after 270 days of storage. Various characterization techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Hall effect measurements, and grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering, coupled with density functional theory calculations, provide insights into the structural changes and interactions responsible for these improvements. To demonstrate the potential for practical applications, the ultrathin PEDOT:PSS films are connected to an inorganic light-emitting diode with a battery, showcasing their suitability as transparent electrodes. This work presents a promising approach for enhancing the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS while offering a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms that can guide further advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Begimai Adilbekova
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alberto D Scaccabarozzi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology (CNST), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Raffaele Rubattino, 81, Milan, 20134, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Edificio 8, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Hendrik Faber
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Insan Nugraha
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Vladimir Bruevich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8019, USA
| | - Dimitris Kaltsas
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 15718, Greece
| | - Dipti R Naphade
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nimer Wehbe
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vitaly Podzorov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8019, USA
| | - Jaime Martín
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Navais e Industriais (CITENI), Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Esteiro s/n, Ferrol, 15403, Spain
| | - Leonidas Tsetseris
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 15718, Greece
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Henry Royce Institute, Photon Science Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang YS, Wang T, Bao ZL, Qian PF, Liu XC, Geng WH, Zhang D, Wang SW, Zhu Q, Geng HZ. MXene and AgNW based flexible transparent conductive films with sandwich structure for high-performance EMI shielding and electrical heaters. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:376-388. [PMID: 38537586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
With the popularization of 5G technology and the development of science and technology, flexible and transparent conductive films (TCF) are increasingly used in the preparation of optoelectronic devices such as electromagnetic shielding devices, transparent flexible heaters, and solar cells. Silver nanowires (AgNW) are considered the best material for replacing indium tin oxide to prepare TCFs due to their excellent comprehensive properties. However, the loose overlap between AgNWs is a significant reason for the high resistance. This article investigates a sandwich structured conductive network composed of AgNW and Ti3C2Tx MXene for high-performance EMI shielding and transparent electrical heaters. Polyethylene pyrrolidone (PVP) solution was used to hydrophilic modify PET substrate, and then MXene, AgNW, and MXene were assembled layer by layer using spin coating method to form a TCF with a sandwich structure. One-dimensional AgNW is used to provide electron transfer channels and improve light penetration, while two-dimensional MXene nanosheets are used for welding AgNWs and adding additional conductive channels. The flexible TCF has excellent transmittance (85.1 % at 550 nm) and EMI shielding efficiency (27.1 dB). At the voltage of 5 V, the TCF used as a heater can reach 85.6 °C. This work offers an innovative approach to creating TCFs for the future generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Song Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China
| | - Ze-Long Bao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Peng-Fei Qian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xuan-Chen Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wen-Hao Geng
- Tianji Zhencai Technology (Hebei) Co., Ltd., Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Tianji Zhencai Technology (Hebei) Co., Ltd., Cangzhou 061000, China; Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - Shi-Wei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Qingxia Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; Tianji Zhencai Technology (Hebei) Co., Ltd., Cangzhou 061000, China.
| | - Hong-Zhang Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; Tianji Zhencai Technology (Hebei) Co., Ltd., Cangzhou 061000, China; Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University, Cangzhou 061000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song SH, Lee JS, Suh DY, Choi BH. Tailoring Mechanical Reliability in Transparent ZnO-Zincone Thin-Film Electrodes with Organic Interlayer Interfaces and Thickness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:31543-31554. [PMID: 38843450 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
To address the inherent brittleness of conventional transparent conductive oxides, researchers have focused on enhancing their flexibility. This is achieved by incorporating organic films to construct organic-inorganic hybrid layer-by-layer nanostructures, where the interlayer thickness and interface play pivotal roles in determining the properties. These factors are contingent on the type of material, processing conditions, and specific application requirements, making it essential to select the appropriate conditions. In this study, ZnO-zincone nanolaminate thin films were fabricated using atomic layer deposition and molecular layer deposition in various structural configurations. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were used to conduct a thorough analysis of the thin-film growth and structural transformations resulting from the deposition conditions. Furthermore, the influence of structural differences at the interfaces on the mechanical properties of the films was investigated by employing both tensile and compression-bending fatigue tests. This comprehensive examination reveals noteworthy variations in the mechanical responses of the films. Thin films characterized by internal porosity and an intermixed amorphous structure demonstrated enhanced compressive toughness, whereas rigid organic layers improved flexibility. These findings offer valuable insights into the development of flexible, transparent multilayer films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hak Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136707, Korea
| | - Jae Seok Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136707, Korea
| | - Dong Young Suh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136707, Korea
| | - Byoung-Ho Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136707, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo S, Lian E, He J, deMello JC. Flexible Transparent Electrodes Formed from Template-Patterned Thin-Film Silver. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300058. [PMID: 37229613 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Template-patterned, flexible transparent electrodes (TEs) formed from an ultrathin silver film on top of a commercial optical adhesive - Norland Optical Adhesive 63 (NOA63) - are reported. NOA63 is shown to be an effective base-layer for ultrathin silver films that advantageously prevents coalescence of vapor-deposited silver atoms into large, isolated islands (Volmer-Weber growth), and so aids the formation of ultrasmooth continuous films. 12 nm silver films on top of free-standing NOA63 combine high, haze-free visible-light transparency (T ≈ 60% at 550 nm) with low sheet-resistance (R s ${\mathcal{R}}_s$ ≈ 16 Ω sq-1), and exhibit excellent resilience to bending, making them attractive candidates for flexible TEs. Etching the NOA63 base-layer with an oxygen plasma before silver deposition causes the silver to laterally segregate into isolated pillars, resulting in a much higher sheet resistance (R s ${\mathcal{R}}_{s}$ > 8 × 106 Ω sq-1) than silver grown on pristine NOA63 . Hence, by selectively etching NOA63 before metal deposition, insulating regions may be defined within an otherwise conducting silver film, resulting in a differentially conductive film that can serve as a patterned TE for flexible devices. Transmittance may be increased (to 79% at 550 nm) by depositing an antireflective layer of Al2O3 on the Ag layer at the cost of reduced flexibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihai Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Enkui Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Jiali He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - John C deMello
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wen H, Weng B, Wang B, Xiao W, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang M, Huang H. Advancements in Transparent Conductive Oxides for Photoelectrochemical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:591. [PMID: 38607125 PMCID: PMC11013100 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) are an important technology for converting solar energy, which has experienced rapid development in recent decades. Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are also gaining increasing attention due to their crucial role in PEC reactions. This review comprehensively delves into the significance of TCO materials in PEC devices. Starting from an in-depth analysis of various TCO materials, this review discusses the properties, fabrication techniques, and challenges associated with these TCO materials. Next, we highlight several cost-effective, simple, and environmentally friendly methods, such as element doping, plasma treatment, hot isostatic pressing, and carbon nanotube modification, to enhance the transparency and conductivity of TCO materials. Despite significant progress in the development of TCO materials for PEC applications, we at last point out that the future research should focus on enhancing transparency and conductivity, formulating advanced theories to understand structure-property relationships, and integrating multiple modification strategies to further improve the performance of TCO materials in PEC devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Wen
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China; (H.W.); (B.W.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Bo Weng
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China; (H.W.); (B.W.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Wenbo Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Test, Ministry of Education, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China;
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China; (H.W.); (B.W.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yiming Wang
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China; (H.W.); (B.W.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Menglong Zhang
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China; (H.W.); (B.W.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
- Zhejiang Xinke Semiconductor Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311421, China
| | - Haowei Huang
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu Z, Xing X, Sun Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li S, Wang W. Flexible Transparent Electrode Based on Ag Nanowires: Ag Nanoparticles Co-Doped System for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:505. [PMID: 38276445 PMCID: PMC10817252 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Flexible organic light-emitting diodes (FOLEDs) have promising potential for future wearable applications because of their exceptional mechanical flexibility. Silver nanowire (Ag NW) networks are the most promising candidates to replace indium tin oxide (ITO), which is limited by its poor bendability. In this study, three different methods including methanol impregnation, argon plasma treatment, and ultraviolet radiation were used to reduce the junction resistance of Ag NWs to optimize the flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs); which were prepared using Ag NWs and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS). Then, the optoelectronic properties of the FTEs were further improved by using a co-doped system of silver nanowires and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), the structure of which consisted of PET/Ag NWs: Ag NPs/PEDOT: PSS/DMSO. The largest FOM value of 1.42 × 10-2 ohm-1 and a low sheet resistance value of 13.86 ohm/sq were obtained using the optimized FTEs. The prepared FOLED based on the optimized FTEs had a luminous efficiency of 6.04 cd/A and a maximum EQE of 1.92%, and exhibited no observed decline in efficiency when reaching maximum luminance. After 500 bending tests, the luminance still reached 82% of the original value. It is demonstrated that the FTEs prepared via the co-doped system have excellent optoelectronic properties as well as high mechanical stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Wu
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Z.W.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Xiaolin Xing
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Z.W.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yingying Sun
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Z.W.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Z.W.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Z.W.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Shuhong Li
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Z.W.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Z.W.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252059, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee D, Song MS, Seo YH, Lee WW, Kim YW, Park M, Shin YJ, Kwon SJ, Jeon Y, Cho ES. Highly Transparent Red Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with AZO/Ag/AZO Multilayer Electrode. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:146. [PMID: 38258265 PMCID: PMC10818506 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Free-form factor optoelectronics is becoming more important for various applications. Specifically, flexible and transparent optoelectronics offers the potential to be adopted in wearable devices in displays, solar cells, or biomedical applications. However, current transparent electrodes are limited in conductivity and flexibility. This study aims to address these challenges and explore potential solutions. For the next-generation transparent conductive electrode, Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and silver (AZO/Ag/AZO) deposited by in-line magnetron sputtering without thermal treatment was investigated, and this transparent electrode was used as a transparent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) anode to maximize the transparency characteristics. The experiment and simulation involved adjusting the thickness of Ag and AZO and OLED structure to enhance the transmittance and device performance. The AZO/Ag/AZO with Ag of 12 nm and AZO of 32 nm thickness achieved the results of the highest figure of merit (FOM) (Φ550 = 4.65 mΩ-1) and lowest roughness. The full structure of transparent OLED (TrOLED) with AZO/Ag/AZO anode and Mg:Ag cathode reached 64.84% transmittance at 550 nm, and 300 cd/m2 at about 4 V. The results demonstrate the feasibility of adopting flexible substrates, such as PET, without the need for thermal treatment. This research provides valuable insights into the development of transparent and flexible electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoon Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea (S.J.K.)
| | - Min Seok Song
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea (S.J.K.)
| | - Yong Hyeok Seo
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea (S.J.K.)
| | - Won Woo Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea (S.J.K.)
| | - Young Woo Kim
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea (S.J.K.)
| | - Minseong Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jik Kwon
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea (S.J.K.)
| | - Yongmin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Eou-Sik Cho
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea (S.J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Han Y, Cui Y, Liu X, Wang Y. A Review of Manufacturing Methods for Flexible Devices and Energy Storage Devices. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:896. [PMID: 37754130 PMCID: PMC10526154 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Given the advancements in modern living standards and technological development, conventional smart devices have proven inadequate in meeting the demands for a high-quality lifestyle. Therefore, a revolution is necessary to overcome this impasse and facilitate the emergence of flexible electronics. Specifically, there is a growing focus on health detection, necessitating advanced flexible preparation technology for biosensor-based smart wearable devices. Nowadays, numerous flexible products are available on the market, such as electronic devices with flexible connections, bendable LED light arrays, and flexible radio frequency electronic tags for storing information. The manufacturing process of these devices is relatively straightforward, and their integration is uncomplicated. However, their functionality remains limited. Further research is necessary for the development of more intricate applications, such as intelligent wearables and energy storage systems. Taking smart wear as an example, it is worth noting that the current mainstream products on the market primarily consist of bracelet-type health testing equipment. They exhibit limited flexibility and can only be worn on the wrist for measurement purposes, which greatly limits their application diversity. Flexible energy storage and flexible display also face the same problem, so there is still a lot of room for development in the field of flexible electronics manufacturing. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the developmental history of flexible devices, systematically summarizing representative preparation methods and typical applications, identifying challenges, proposing solutions, and offering prospects for future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yaqun Wang
- College of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oh MJ, Son GC, Kim M, Jeon J, Kim YH, Son M. An Aqueous Process for Preparing Flexible Transparent Electrodes Using Non-Oxidized Graphene/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Solution. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2249. [PMID: 37570566 PMCID: PMC10421273 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared flexible and transparent hybrid electrodes based on an aqueous solution of non-oxidized graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes. We used a simple halogen intercalation method to obtain high-quality graphene flakes without a redox process and prepared hybrid films using aqueous solutions of graphene, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant. The hybrid films showed excellent electrode properties, such as an optical transmittance of ≥90%, a sheet resistance of ~3.5 kΩ/sq., a flexibility of up to ε = 3.6% ((R) = 1.4 mm), and a high mechanical stability, even after 103 bending cycles at ε = 2.0% ((R) = 2.5 mm). Using the hybrid electrodes, thin-film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated, which exhibited an electron mobility of ~6.7 cm2 V-1 s-1, a current on-off ratio of ~1.04 × 107, and a subthreshold voltage of ~0.122 V/decade. These electrical properties are comparable with those of TFTs fabricated using Al electrodes. This suggests the possibility of customizing flexible transparent electrodes within a carbon nanomaterial system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jae Oh
- Artificial Intelligence & Energy Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea (J.J.)
| | - Gi-Cheol Son
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkook Kim
- Artificial Intelligence & Energy Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea (J.J.)
| | - Junyoung Jeon
- Artificial Intelligence & Energy Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea (J.J.)
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- Artificial Intelligence & Energy Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea (J.J.)
| | - Myungwoo Son
- Artificial Intelligence & Energy Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea (J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Akhmedov AK, Abduev AK, Murliev EK, Belyaev VV, Asvarov AS. Transparent Conducting Amorphous IZO Thin Films: An Approach to Improve the Transparent Electrode Quality. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103740. [PMID: 37241367 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It is common knowledge that using different oxygen contents in the working gas during sputtering deposition results in fabrication of indium zinc oxide (IZO) films with a wide range of optoelectronic properties. It is also important that high deposition temperature is not required to achieve excellent transparent electrode quality in the IZO films. Modulation of the oxygen content in the working gas during RF sputtering of IZO ceramic targets was used to deposit IZO-based multilayers in which the ultrathin IZO unit layers with high electron mobility (μ-IZO) alternate with ones characterized by high concentration of free electrons (n-IZO). As a result of optimizing the thicknesses of each type of unit layer, low-temperature 400 nm thick IZO multilayers with excellent transparent electrode quality, indicated by the low sheet resistance (R ≤ 8 Ω/sq.) with high transmittance in the visible range (T¯ > 83%) and a very flat multilayer surface, were obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhmed K Akhmedov
- Institute of Physics, Dagestan Research Center of Russian Academy Sciences, Yaragskogo Str., 94, 367015 Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Aslan Kh Abduev
- Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, State University of Education, Very Voloshinoi Str. 24, 141014 Mytishchi, Russia
- Basic Department of Nanotechnology and Microsystem Technology, Academy of Engineering, RUDN University, 6, Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117898 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eldar K Murliev
- Institute of Physics, Dagestan Research Center of Russian Academy Sciences, Yaragskogo Str., 94, 367015 Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Victor V Belyaev
- Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, State University of Education, Very Voloshinoi Str. 24, 141014 Mytishchi, Russia
- Basic Department of Nanotechnology and Microsystem Technology, Academy of Engineering, RUDN University, 6, Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117898 Moscow, Russia
| | - Abil Sh Asvarov
- Institute of Physics, Dagestan Research Center of Russian Academy Sciences, Yaragskogo Str., 94, 367015 Makhachkala, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu X, Vashchenko VV, Prodanov MF, Srivastava AK. Monomolecular vertical alignment layer with room temperature processibility for flexible liquid crystal displays. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
14
|
Funabe M, Satoh D, Ando R, Daiguji H, Matsui J, Ishizaki M, Kurihara M. A solvent-compatible filter-transfer method of semi-transparent carbon-nanotube electrodes stacked with silver nanowires. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:783-795. [PMID: 36452272 PMCID: PMC9704098 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2144092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low-density films of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be used as a semi-transparent top electrode for all-solution-processed film devices; however, their semiconductor characteristics vary depending on the experimental factors in their dispersion into solvents, and the sublayers are damaged as a result of solvent incompatibility. In this study, we report a solvent-compatible filter-transfer method for SWNT films stacked with silver nanowires (AgNWs), and evaluate the semiconductor characteristics through the p/n heterojunction with a Si wafer (SWNT/Si). AgNWs and SWNTs were successively filtered through their aqueous dispersion solutions using a membrane filter. The stacked semi-transparent films (AgNW/SWNT films with controlled densities) were successfully transferred onto glass plates and Si wafers. The transmittance at 550 nm revealed a window between 60% and 80% with a narrow sheet resistance range between 11 and 23 Ω □-1. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of SWNT/Si was improved to 11.2% in a junction area of 0.031 cm2 through the use of spin-coated Nafion resins; however, the accumulated resistance of SWNTs drastically reduced the PCE to 2% as the area increased to ≥0.5 cm2. AgNWs maintained the PCE within a range of 10.7% to 8.6% for an area ranging from 0.031 cm2 to 1.13 cm2. All of the photovoltaic parameters were dependent on the junction areas, suggesting that AgNWs function as an effective current-collector layer on the semiconductor layer of SWNTs without direct contact of AgNWs with the Si surface. In addition, we report a solvent-compatible experiment for transferring AgNW/SWNT films onto a solvent-sensitive perovskite material (CH3NH3PbI3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikuto Funabe
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Daiki Satoh
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Rin Ando
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Jun Matsui
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Melnychenko AM, Kudrawiec R. Crack-Templated Wire-Like Semitransparent Electrodes with Unique Irregular Patterns. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39181-39186. [PMID: 36340126 PMCID: PMC9631720 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel methods of producing transparent electrodes is important because of their ever-evolving applications and thus the additional parameters they must meet. In this work, we present a method of manufacturing semitransparent silver electrodes. This technique involves cracking the polyvinylpyrrolidone layer in the presence of a colloidal nanodispersion of zinc oxide. The resulting cracked polymer layer serves as the disposable mask for metal deposition. The whole procedure is valuable due to the fast and easy step of cracks formation caused by the elevated temperature and reduced pressure. The obtained electrodes have high transparency (82.4%) in a wide spectral range, which is only limited by the transparency of the applied substrate, and low resistivity (27.3 × 10-7 Ωm). The presence of unique patterns suggests new ideas for the applications of such electrodes, such as coding, security, and antiplagiarism protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Melnychenko
- ŁUKASIEWICZ
Research Network−PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066Wrocław, Poland
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems
of Technology, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370Wrocław, Poland
| | - Robert Kudrawiec
- ŁUKASIEWICZ
Research Network−PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066Wrocław, Poland
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems
of Technology, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Asvarov AS, Abduev AK, Akhmedov AK, Kanevsky VM. On the Effect of the Co-Introduction of Al and Ga Impurities on the Electrical Performance of Transparent Conductive ZnO-Based Thin Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15175862. [PMID: 36079251 PMCID: PMC9457261 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a set of ZnO-based thin films were prepared on glass substrates at various substrate temperatures via the direct current magnetron sputtering of ceramic targets with the following compositions: pure ZnO, Al-doped ZnO with doping levels of 1 and 2 at.%, Ga-doped ZnO with doping levels of 1 and 2 at.%, and (Al, Ga)-co-doped ZnO with doping levels of 1 and 2 at.% for each impurity metal. The dependencies of sheet resistance, carrier concentration, and Hall mobility on the substrate temperature were studied for the deposited films. The results of evaluating the electrical performances of the films were compared with the data of their XRD study. According to the XRD data, among all the deposited ZnO films, the maximum crystallinity was found in the co-doped thin film with doping levels of 2 at.% for each impurity metal, deposited at a substrate temperature of 300 °C. It was revealed that the observed increase in the Hall mobility and carrier concentration for the co-doped films may, in particular, be due to the difference in the preferred localization of Ga and Al impurities in the ZnO film: the Ga ions were mainly incorporated into the crystal lattice of ZnO nanocrystallites, while the Al impurity was mostly localized in the intercrystalline space at the grain boundaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abil S. Asvarov
- Institute of Physics, Dagestan Research Center of Russian Academy Sciences, Yaragskogo Str., 94, 367015 Makhachkala, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Center “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan K. Abduev
- Basic Department of Nanotechnology and Microsystem Technology, Academy of Engineering, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Akhmed K. Akhmedov
- Institute of Physics, Dagestan Research Center of Russian Academy Sciences, Yaragskogo Str., 94, 367015 Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Vladimir M. Kanevsky
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Center “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Engel LF, González-García L, Kraus T. Flexible and transparent electrodes imprinted from metal nanostructures: morphology and opto-electronic performance. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3370-3380. [PMID: 36131708 PMCID: PMC9419766 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00259k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We directed the self-assembly of nanoscale colloids via direct nanoimprint lithography to create flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with metal line widths below 3 μm in a roll-to-roll-compatible process. Gold nanowires and nanospheres with oleylamine shells were imprinted with soft silicone stamps, arranged into grids of parallel lines, and converted into metal lines in a plasma process. We studied the hierarchical structure and opto-electronic performance of the resulting grids as a function of particle geometry and concentration. The performance in terms of optical transmittance was dominated by the line width. Analysis of cross-sections indicated that plasma sintering only partially removed the insulating ligands and formed lines with thin conductive shells and a non-conductive core. We provide evidence that the self-assembly of high-aspect nanowires can compensate for defects of the stamp and substrate irregularities during imprinting, while spheres cannot. The wire-based electrodes thus outperformed the sphere-based electrodes at ratios of optical transmittance to sheet resistance of up to ≈ 0.9% Ωsq -1, while spheres only reached ≈ 0.55% Ωsq -1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F Engel
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany +49 (0)681-9300-269
| | - Lola González-García
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany +49 (0)681-9300-269
| | - Tobias Kraus
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Saarland University Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany +49 (0)681-9300-389
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany +49 (0)681-9300-269
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Fang J, Zhao C, Li W. Mechanically and Ultraviolet Light Stable Ultrathin Organic Solar Cell via Semi-Embedding Silver Nanowires in a Hydrogen Bonds-Based Polyimide. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200432. [PMID: 35866519 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultrathin organic solar cells (OSCs) with both high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability are of great significance for the industrial applications but still challenging. Here, we synthesized a polyimide (PI) substrate for high-performance and stable ultrathin OSCs, which was physically crosslinked via strong hydrogen bonds (denoted as HB-PI) to enhance the mechanical, thermal, solvent-resistant, and UV filtering properties (with a cut-off wavelength of 376 nm). An ultrathin flexible transparent composite electrode (FTCE, ∼7 μm) was fabricated via semi-embedding AgNWs in the HB-PI substrate. The FTCE possesses excellent optoelectronic property, smooth surface, and high mechanical stability simultaneously. Based on this FTCE, an ultrathin OSC was constructed with a PCE of 13.52% (average of 13.22%). Moreover, the ultrathin OSC showed outstanding mechanical stability (PCE decreased by less than 4% after 1000 bending cycles at a small bending radius of 0.5 mm) and superior UV light stability (no evident PCE degradation after irradiation under UV light for 10 h). This work will provide a new avenue for fabricating high-performance and stable ultrathin OSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yupu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Guangcong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jie Fang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Chaowei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Comprehensive Study of the Chemistry behind the Stability of Carboxylic SWCNT Dispersions in the Development of a Transparent Electrode. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111901. [PMID: 35683756 PMCID: PMC9182667 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are well-known for their excellent electrical conductivity. One promising application for SWCNT-based thin films is as transparent electrodes for uncooled mid-IR detectors (MIR). In this paper, a combination of computational and experimental studies were performed to understand the chemistry behind the stability of carboxylic SWCNTs (SWCNTs-COOH) dispersions in different solvents. A computational study based on the density functional tight-binding (DFTB) method was applied to understand the interactions of COOH-functionalized carbon nanotubes with selected solvents. Attention was focused on understanding how the protonation of COOH groups influences the binding energies between SWCNTs and different solvents. Thin film electrodes were prepared by alternately depositing PEI and SWCNT-COOH on soda lime glass substrates. To prepare a stable SWCNT dispersion, different solvents were tested, such as deionized (DI) water, ethanol and acetone. The SWCNT-COOH dispersion stability was tested in different solvents. Samples were prepared to study the relationship between the number of depositions, transparency in the MIR range (2.5–5 µm) and conductivity, looking for the optimal thickness that would satisfy the application. The MIR transparency of the electrode was reduced by 20% for the thickest SWCNT layers, whereas sheet resistance values were reduced to 150–200 kΩ/sq.
Collapse
|
20
|
Antonova IV, Shavelkina MB, Ivanov AI, Poteryaev DA, Nebogatikova NA, Buzmakova AA, Soots RA, Katarzhis VA. Graphene: Hexagonal Boron Nitride Composite Films with Low-Resistance for Flexible Electronics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1703. [PMID: 35630925 PMCID: PMC9147634 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The structure and electric properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN):graphene composite with additives of the conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS and ethylene glycol were examined. The graphene and h-BN flakes synthesized in plasma with nanometer sizes were used for experiments. It was found that the addition of more than 10-3 mass% of PEDOT:PSS to the graphene suspension or h-BN:graphene composite in combination with ethylene glycol leads to a strong decrease (4-5 orders of magnitude, in our case) in the resistance of the films created from these suspensions. This is caused by an increase in the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS due to the interaction with ethylene glycol and synergetic effect on the composite properties of h-BN:graphene films. The addition of PEDOT:PSS to the h-BN:graphene composite leads to the correction of the bonds between nanoparticles and a weak change in the resistance under the tensile strain caused by the sample bending. A more pronounced flexibility of the composite films with tree components is demonstrated. The self-organization effects for graphene flakes and polar h-BN flakes lead to the formation of micrometer sized plates in drops and uniform-in-size nanoparticles in inks. The ratio of the components in the composite was found for the observed strong hysteresis and a negative differential resistance. Generally, PEDOT:PSS and ethylene glycol composite films are promising for their application as electrodes or active elements for logic and signal processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Antonova
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentiev Aven., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.I.I.); (D.A.P.); (N.A.N.); (R.A.S.)
- Department of Semiconductor Devices and Microelectronics, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 20 K. Marx Str., Novosibirsk 630073, Russia;
| | - Marina B. Shavelkina
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS, Izhorskaya Str. 13 Bd.2, Moscow 125412, Russia; (M.B.S.); (V.A.K.)
| | - Artem I. Ivanov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentiev Aven., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.I.I.); (D.A.P.); (N.A.N.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Dmitriy A. Poteryaev
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentiev Aven., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.I.I.); (D.A.P.); (N.A.N.); (R.A.S.)
- Department of Semiconductor Devices and Microelectronics, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 20 K. Marx Str., Novosibirsk 630073, Russia;
| | - Nadezhda A. Nebogatikova
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentiev Aven., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.I.I.); (D.A.P.); (N.A.N.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Anna A. Buzmakova
- Department of Semiconductor Devices and Microelectronics, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 20 K. Marx Str., Novosibirsk 630073, Russia;
| | - Regina A. Soots
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentiev Aven., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.I.I.); (D.A.P.); (N.A.N.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Vladimir A. Katarzhis
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS, Izhorskaya Str. 13 Bd.2, Moscow 125412, Russia; (M.B.S.); (V.A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Baek S, Lee JJ, Shin J, Kim JH, Hong S, Kim S. Resistive Water Level Sensors Based on AgNWs/PEDOT:PSS- g-PEGME Hybrid Film for Agricultural Monitoring Systems. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15459-15466. [PMID: 35571780 PMCID: PMC9096971 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, an agricultural monitoring system using the Internet of Things has been developed to realize smart farming. The high performance of various sensors in agricultural monitoring systems is essential for smart farming to automatically monitor and control agricultural environmental conditions such as temperature and water level. In this study, we propose resistive water level sensors based on an AgNWs/PEDOT:PSS-g-PEGME hybrid structure to improve the already high conductivity and water stability of PEDOT:PSS. After spin-coating the AgNWs/PEDOT:PSS-g-PEGME hybrid film, a laser treatment method successfully patterns the resistive water level sensor with areas of higher resistance. When water contacts the sensor, the variation in resistance caused by the water level changes the current flow of the sensor, allowing it to be used to detect the water level. Finally, we develop a water level sensor module as a component of the agricultural monitoring system by connecting the sensor to a microcontroller for water level monitoring in real time. The proposed water level sensors may be a new solution for detecting water levels in agricultural monitoring systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungho Baek
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Joon Lee
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwan Shin
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Institute
for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute
for Innovative Materials, University of
Wollongong, North Wollongong 2500 New South Wales, Australia
| | - Seongin Hong
- Department
of Physics, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkook Kim
- School
of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-745, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu Y, Xie J, Liu L, Fan K, Zhang Z, Chen S, Chen S. Inkjet-Printed Highly Conductive Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(styrenesulfonate) Electrode for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:889. [PMID: 34442513 PMCID: PMC8398279 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, inkjet printing technology has attracted much attention due to the advantages of drop-on-demand deposition, low-cost and large-area production for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. However, there are still some problems in industrial production and practical application, such as the complexity of ink modulation, high-quality films with homogeneous morphology, and the re-dissolution phenomenon at interfaces. In this work, a printable poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) ink is developed and obtains an adjustable viscosity. Finally, a patterned PEDOT:PSS electrode is fabricated by inkjet printing, and achieves a high conductivity of 1213 S/cm, a transparency of 86.8% and a uniform morphology without coffee-ring effect. Furthermore, the vacuum-evaporated and solution-processed OLEDs are fabricated based on this electrode and demonstrate a current efficiency of 61 cd/A, which is comparable to that of the indium tin oxide counterpart. This work confirms the feasibility of inkjet printing technology to prepare patterned electrodes and expects that it can be used to fabricate highly efficient optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.L.); (J.X.); (K.F.); (Z.Z.); (S.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Shufen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.L.); (J.X.); (K.F.); (Z.Z.); (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|