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El-Atawy MA, Omar AZ, Alazmi ML, Alsubaie MS, Hamed EA, Ahmed HA. Synthesis and characterization of new imine liquid crystals based on terminal perfluoroalkyl group. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14871. [PMID: 37025900 PMCID: PMC10070094 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
New organic derivatives named, (E)-3(or4) -(alkyloxy)-N-{(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene}aniline, 1a-f, were synthesized and examined their liquid crystalline behaviors. FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, elemental analyses and GCMS were used to validate the prepared compounds' chemical structures. We used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) to investigate the mesomorphic characteristics of the formed Schiff bases. All tested compounds of series 1a-c have mesomorphic behaviour of nematogenic temperature ranges while the group 1d-f show non-mesomorphic properties. Moreover, it was found that the enantiotropic N phases included all of the homologue 1a-c. Computational studies using DFT (density functional theory) validated the experimental mesomorphic behavior results. All the analyzed compounds had their dipole moments, polarizability, and reactivity characteristics explained. Theoretical simulations showed that as the length of the terminal chain is increased, the polarizability of the stuided compounds increases. Consequently, compounds 1a and 1d have the least polarizability.
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Al-Zahrani SA, Khan MT, Jevtovic’ V, Masood N, Jeilani YA, Ahmed HA. Design of Liquid Crystal Materials Based on Palmitate, Oleate, and Linoleate Derivatives for Optoelectronic Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041744. [PMID: 36838732 PMCID: PMC9964637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, liquid crystalline derivatives based on palmitate, oleate, and linoleate moieties with azomethine cores were synthesized, and their physical, chemical, optical, and photophysical properties were investigated in detail. The mesomorphic activity of these materials was examined through polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The observed results revealed that the stability of the thermal mesophase depends on the terminal polar as well as on the fatty long-chain substituents. Purely smectogenic phases were detected in all three terminal side chains. A eutectic composition with a low melting temperature and a broad smectic A range was found by constructing a binary phase diagram and addressing it in terms of the mesomorphic temperature range. The energy bandgap of the palmitate-based derivative (Ia) was determined as 3.95 eV and slightly increased to 4.01 eV and 4.05 eV for the oleate (Ib) and linoleate (Ic) derivatives, respectively. The optical constants (n, κ, εr, and εi) were extracted from the fitting of measured spectroscopic ellipsometer data. The steady-state spectra of these samples exhibited a broad emission in the range 400-580 nm, which was found to be blue shifted to 462 nm for both Ib and Ic derivatives. The average fluorescence decay lifetime of the Ia derivative was found to be 598 ps, which became faster for the Ib and Ic derivatives and slower for the sample with a chloride end polar group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A. Al-Zahrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Taukeer Khan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Violeta Jevtovic’
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat Masood
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yassin Aweis Jeilani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoda A. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu 46423, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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Al-Kadhi NS, Alamro FS, Popoola SA, Gomha SM, Bedowr NS, Al-Juhani SS, Ahmed HA. Novel Imidazole Liquid Crystals; Experimental and Computational Approaches. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144607. [PMID: 35889474 PMCID: PMC9316631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The liquid crystalline materials named (E)-4-(2-(4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)phenyl and 4-(alkoxy)benzoate, In, were synthesized and their mesomorphic behaviors were examined. The chemical structures of the produced compounds were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), NMR, and elemental analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy were used to investigate the mesomorphic properties of designed heterocyclic derivatives. All the compounds tested had suitable thermal stability and enantiotropic behavior of smectogenic temperature ranges. Furthermore, the enantiotropic smectic C phases were observed to cover all the homologues. Moreover, computational investigations corroborated the experimental findings of the mesomorphic behavior. The reactivity parameters were computed for the derivatives and linked with the experimental data. Theoretical calculations revealed that the polarizability of the studied series increases with the chain length, whereas the HOMO–LUMO energy gap or other reactivity descriptors were less sensitive to the size of the system. On the other hand, the predicted thermodynamic parameters revealed the size dependence of thermal stability of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada S. Al-Kadhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.-K.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Fowzia S. Alamro
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.A.-K.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Saheed A. Popoola
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sobhi M. Gomha
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.G.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Noha S. Bedowr
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu 30799, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.B.); (S.S.A.-J.)
| | - Shahd S. Al-Juhani
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu 30799, Saudi Arabia; (N.S.B.); (S.S.A.-J.)
| | - Hoda A. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.G.); (H.A.A.)
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Alamro FS, Ahmed HA, Bedowr NS, Khushaim MS, El-atawy MA. New Advanced Liquid Crystalline Materials Bearing Bis-Azomethine as Central Spacer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1256. [PMID: 35335586 PMCID: PMC8953589 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a homologous series of novel liquid crystalline compounds bearing the bis-azomethine central linkage (-CH=N-N=CH-), namely ((1E,1'E)-hydrazine-1,2-diylidenebis(methanylylidene))bis(4,1-phenylene) dialkanoate (In), was synthesized, and the mesophase and thermal properties were investigated theoretically and experimentally. The molecular structures of the prepared compounds were determined using elemental analysis, NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The mesophase transitions were detected by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the mesophases were identified using polarized optical microscopy (POM). The results indicated that the derivative with the shortest length (I5) was purely nematogenic, while the other homologues (I9 and I15) possessed SmC mesophases. The optimal geometrical structures of the investigated group were derived theoretically. The estimated results demonstrated that all homologues were mesomorphic, and their type depended on the length of the terminal chains. Computations based on density functional theory (DFT) were used to explain the experimental data. The calculated dipole moment, polarizability, thermal energy, and molecular electrostatic potential all showed that it was possible to predict the mesophase type and stability, which varied according to the size of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fowzia S. Alamro
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hoda A. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu 30799, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Noha S. Bedowr
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu 30799, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muna S. Khushaim
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madina 41447, Saudi Arabia;
- Nanotechonolgy Center, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madina 41447, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. El-atawy
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu 30799, Saudi Arabia;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
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Alamro FS, Al-Kadhi NS, Gomha SM, Popoola SA, Khushaim MS, Alhaddad OA, Ahmed HA. Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Three-Ring Ester/Azomethine Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:2312. [PMID: 35329764 PMCID: PMC8949326 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New three-ring ester/azomethine homologues series, (E)-4-((4-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)phenyl 4-(alkoxy)benzoate In, were prepared and their properties were investigated experimentally and theoretically. FT-IR, NMR, and elemental analyses were used to confirm the chemical structures of the synthesized compounds. The mesomorphic activities of the planned homologues were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy. All of the homologous examined were found to have non-mesomorphic properties. Theoretical calculations using the density functional theory (DFT) were used to validate the experimental data and determine the most stable conformation of the synthesized compounds. All calculated conformers' thermal properties, dipole moments, and polarizability were discussed. The results show that the terminal alkoxy chain length affects the thermal parameters of the conformers. The correlations between these parameters' values and the conformer type were demonstrated. The base component was expected to be in two conformers according to the orientation of the N atom of imine-linkage. DFT calculations revealed the more probable of the two possible conformers, and the incorporation of the alkoxy terminal chain in one position affect its geometrical and mesomerphic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fowzia S. Alamro
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (F.S.A.); (N.S.A.-K.)
| | - Nada S. Al-Kadhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (F.S.A.); (N.S.A.-K.)
| | - Sobhi M. Gomha
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Saheed A. Popoola
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muna S. Khushaim
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madina 41447, Saudi Arabia;
- Nanotechonolgy Center, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madina 41447, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omaima A. Alhaddad
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Madina Monawara 30002, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hoda A. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu 30799, Saudi Arabia
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