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Manzoor S, Ali S, Mansha M, Sadaqat M, Ashiq MN, Tahir MN, Khan SA. Exploring Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage: Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400365. [PMID: 38705846 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen energy heralded for its environmentally friendly, renewable, efficient, and cost-effective attributes, stands poised as the primary alternative to fossil fuels in the future. Despite its great potential, the low volumetric density presents a formidable challenge in hydrogen storage. Addressing this challenge necessitates exploring effective storage techniques for a sustainable hydrogen economy. Solid-state hydrogen storage in nanomaterials (physically or chemically) holds promise for achieving large-scale hydrogen storage applications. Such approaches offer benefits, including safety, compactness, lightness, reversibility, and efficient generation of pure hydrogen fuel under mild conditions. This article presents solid-state nanomaterials, specifically nanoporous carbons (activated carbon, carbon fibers), metal-organic frameworks, covalently connected frameworks, nanoporous organic polymers, and nanoscale metal hydrides. Furthermore, new developments in hydrogen fuel cell technology for stationary and mobile applications have been demonstrated. The review outlines significant advancements thus far, identifies key barriers to practical implementation, and presents a perspective for future sustainable energy research. It concludes with recommendations to enhance hydrogen storage performance for cost-effective and long-lasting utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Manzoor
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ali
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Mansha
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maira Sadaqat
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ashiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz Tahir
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safyan Akram Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Comanescu C. Recent Development in Nanoconfined Hydrides for Energy Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7111. [PMID: 35806115 PMCID: PMC9267122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen is the ultimate vector for a carbon-free, sustainable green-energy. While being the most promising candidate to serve this purpose, hydrogen inherits a series of characteristics making it particularly difficult to handle, store, transport and use in a safe manner. The researchers' attention has thus shifted to storing hydrogen in its more manageable forms: the light metal hydrides and related derivatives (ammonia-borane, tetrahydridoborates/borohydrides, tetrahydridoaluminates/alanates or reactive hydride composites). Even then, the thermodynamic and kinetic behavior faces either too high energy barriers or sluggish kinetics (or both), and an efficient tool to overcome these issues is through nanoconfinement. Nanoconfined energy storage materials are the current state-of-the-art approach regarding hydrogen storage field, and the current review aims to summarize the most recent progress in this intriguing field. The latest reviews concerning H2 production and storage are discussed, and the shift from bulk to nanomaterials is described in the context of physical and chemical aspects of nanoconfinement effects in the obtained nanocomposites. The types of hosts used for hydrogen materials are divided in classes of substances, the mean of hydride inclusion in said hosts and the classes of hydrogen storage materials are presented with their most recent trends and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar Comanescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Atomiștilor 405, 077125 Magurele, Romania
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Pedrielli A, Trevisanutto PE, Monacelli L, Garberoglio G, Pugno NM, Taioli S. Understanding anharmonic effects on hydrogen desorption characteristics of Mg nH 2n nanoclusters by ab initio trained deep neural network. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5589-5599. [PMID: 35344577 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08359g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium hydride (MgH2) has been widely studied for effective hydrogen storage. However, its bulk desorption temperature (553 K) is deemed too high for practical applications. Besides doping, a strategy to decrease such reaction energy for releasing hydrogen is the use of MgH2-based nanoparticles (NPs). Here, we investigate first the thermodynamic properties of MgnH2n NPs (n < 10) from first-principles, in particular by assessing the anharmonic effects on the enthalpy, entropy and thermal expansion by means of the stochastic self consistent harmonic approximation (SSCHA). This method goes beyond previous approaches, typically based on molecular mechanics and the quasi-harmonic approximation, allowing the ab initio calculation of the fully-anharmonic free energy. We find an almost linear dependence on temperature of the interatomic bond lengths - with a relative variation of few percent over 300 K - alongside with a bond distance decrease of the Mg-H bonds. In order to increase the size of MgnH2n NPs toward experiments of hydrogen desorption we devise a computationally effective machine learning model trained to accurately determine the forces and total energies (i.e. the potential energy surfaces), integrating the latter with the SSCHA model to fully include the anharmonic effects. We find a significative decrease of the H-desorption temperature for sub-nanometric clusters MgnH2n with n ≤ 10, with a non-negligible, although little effect due to anharmonicities (up to 10%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pedrielli
- European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*-Fondazione Bruno Kessler), Trento, Italy.
- Laboratory for Bioinspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo E Trevisanutto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Unità di Ricerca di Fisica non lineare e Modelli matematici, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Roma, 00154, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Garberoglio
- European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*-Fondazione Bruno Kessler), Trento, Italy.
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA-INFN), Italy
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory for Bioinspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Simone Taioli
- European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*-Fondazione Bruno Kessler), Trento, Italy.
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA-INFN), Italy
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Improved H-Storage Performance of Novel Mg-Based Nanocomposites Prepared by High-Energy Ball Milling: A Review. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14196400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen storage in magnesium-based composites has been an outstanding research area including a remarkable improvement of the H-sorption properties of this system in the last 5 years. Numerous additives of various morphologies have been applied with great success to accelerate the absorption/desorption reactions. Different combinations of catalysts and preparation conditions have also been explored to synthesize better hydrogen storing materials. At the same time, ball milling is still commonly and effectively applied for the fabrication of Mg-based alloys and composites in order to reduce the grain size to nanometric dimensions and to disperse the catalyst particles over the surface of the host material. In this review, we present the very recent progress, from 2016 to 2021, on catalyzing the hydrogen sorption of Mg-based materials by ball milling. The various catalyzing routes enhancing the hydrogenation performance, including in situ formation of catalysts and synergistic improvement achieved by using multiple additives, will also be summarized. At the end of this work, some thoughts on the prospects for future research will be highlighted.
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Agnarelli L, Prots Y, Burkhardt U, Schmidt M, Koželj P, Leithe-Jasper A, Grin Y. Mg 3Pt 2: Anionic Chains in a Eu 3Ga 2-Type Structure. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13681-13690. [PMID: 34428036 PMCID: PMC8424623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The binary phase Mg3Pt2 was prepared by direct
reaction between the elements or by spark-plasma synthesis starting
with MgH2 and PtCl2. The compound crystallizes
in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 7.2096(3) Å, b =
7.1912(4) Å, c = 6.8977(3) Å, and β
= 106.072(3)° and is isotypic to Eu3Ga2. Analysis of the electron density within the quantum theory of atoms
in molecules shows a significant charge transfer from Mg to Pt in
agreement with the electronegativity difference. Further study of
the chemical bonding with the electron localizability approach reveals
the formation of Pt chains stabilized by a complex system of multicenter
interactions involving Mg and Pt species. The metallic character of
Mg3Pt2 is confirmed by electronic structure
calculations and physical measurements. Mg3Pt2 is a new phase in the Mg−Pt
system with a crystal structure built up by anionic Pt chains, which
are stabilized by an interplay of multiatomic bonding interactions
of Mg with Pt. Mg3Pt2 is a metallic diamagnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Agnarelli
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Yurii Prots
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Ulrich Burkhardt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Primož Koželj
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | | | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden 01187, Germany
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Kammerer JA, Duan X, Neubrech F, Schröder RR, Liu N, Pfannmöller M. Stabilizing γ-MgH 2 at Nanotwins in Mechanically Constrained Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008259. [PMID: 33554349 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reversible hydrogen uptake and the metal/dielectric transition make the Mg/MgH2 system a prime candidate for solid-state hydrogen storage and dynamic plasmonics. However, high dehydrogenation temperatures and slow dehydrogenation hamper broad applicability. One promising strategy to improve dehydrogenation is the formation of metastable γ-MgH2 . A nanoparticle (NP) design, where γ-MgH2 forms intrinsically during hydrogenation is presented and a formation mechanism based on transmission electron microscopy results is proposed. Volume expansion during hydrogenation causes compressive stress within the confined, anisotropic NPs, leading to plastic deformation of β-MgH2 via (301)β twinning. It is proposed that these twins nucleate γ-MgH2 nanolamellas, which are stabilized by residual compressive stress. Understanding this mechanism is a crucial step toward cycle-stable, Mg-based dynamic plasmonic and hydrogen-storage materials with improved dehydrogenation. It is envisioned that a more general design of confined NPs utilizes the inherent volume expansion to reform γ-MgH2 during each rehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen A Kammerer
- 3DMM2O, Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1 - 390761711) and CAM - Centre for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Xiaoyang Duan
- MPI - Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Frank Neubrech
- MPI - Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
- 2nd Physics Institute, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Rasmus R Schröder
- 3DMM2O, Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1 - 390761711) and Cryo Electron Microscopy, BioQuant, University Heidelberg, University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Na Liu
- MPI - Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
- 2nd Physics Institute, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Martin Pfannmöller
- CAM - Centre for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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Zhu W, Panda S, Lu C, Ma Z, Khan D, Dong J, Sun F, Xu H, Zhang Q, Zou J. Using a Self-Assembled Two-Dimensional MXene-Based Catalyst (2D-Ni@Ti 3C 2) to Enhance Hydrogen Storage Properties of MgH 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50333-50343. [PMID: 33140647 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the remarkable catalytic effects of a novel Ti3C2 MXene-based catalyst (Ni@Ti-MX), which was prepared via self-assembling of Ni nanoparticles onto the surface of exfoliated Ti3C2 nanosheets. The resultant Ni@Ti-MX catalyst, characterized by ultradispersed Ni nanoparticles being anchored on the monolayer Ti3C2 flakes, was introduced into MgH2 through ball milling. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that a synergetic catalytic effect of multiphase components (Mg2Ni, TiO2, metallic Ti, etc.) derived in the MgH2 + Ni@Ti-MX composite exhibits remarkable improvements in the hydrogen sorption kinetics of MgH2. In particular, the MgH2 + Ni@Ti-MX composite can absorb 5.4 wt % H2 in 25 s at 125 °C and release 5.2 wt % H2 in 15 min at 250 °C. Interestingly, it can uptake 4 wt % H2 in 5 h even at room temperature. Furthermore, the dehydrogenation peak temperature of the MgH2 + Ni@Ti-MX composite is about 221 °C, which is 50 and 122 °C lower than that of MgH2 + Ti-MX and MgH2, respectively. The excellent hydrogen sorption properties of the MgH2 + Ni@Ti-MX composite are primarily attributed to the peculiar core-shell nanostructured MgH2@Mg2NiH4 hybrid materials and the interfacial coupling effects from different catalyst-matrix interfaces. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that using self-assembling of transition-metal elements on two-dimensional (2D) materials as a catalyst is a promising approach to enhance the hydrogen storage properties of MgH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Subrata Panda
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Mg Materials and Applications & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chong Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Mg Materials and Applications & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhewen Ma
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Darvaish Khan
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jinjian Dong
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Fengzhan Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Mg Materials and Applications & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Mg Materials and Applications & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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8
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Abstract
The interaction of hydrogen with solids and the mechanisms of hydride formation experience significant changes in nanomaterials due to a number of structural features. This review aims at illustrating the design principles that have recently inspired the development of new nanomaterials for hydrogen storage. After a general discussion about the influence of nanomaterials’ microstructure on their hydrogen sorption properties, several scientific cases and hot topics are illustrated surveying various classes of materials. These include bulk-like nanomaterials processed by mechanochemical routes, thin films and multilayers, nano-objects with composite architectures such as core–shell or composite nanoparticles, and nanoparticles on porous or graphene-like supports. Finally, selected examples of recent in situ studies of metal–hydride transformation mechanisms using microscopy and spectroscopy techniques are highlighted.
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A Review of the MSCA ITN ECOSTORE—Novel Complex Metal Hydrides for Efficient and Compact Storage of Renewable Energy as Hydrogen and Electricity. INORGANICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen as an energy carrier is very versatile in energy storage applications. Developments in novel, sustainable technologies towards a CO2-free society are needed and the exploration of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) as well as solid-state hydrogen storage applications based on metal hydrides can provide solutions for such technologies. However, there are still many technical challenges for both hydrogen storage material and ASSBs related to designing low-cost materials with low-environmental impact. The current materials considered for all-solid-state batteries should have high conductivities for Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, while Al3+-based compounds are often marginalised due to the lack of suitable electrode and electrolyte materials. In hydrogen storage materials, the sluggish kinetic behaviour of solid-state hydride materials is one of the key constraints that limit their practical uses. Therefore, it is necessary to overcome the kinetic issues of hydride materials before discussing and considering them on the system level. This review summarizes the achievements of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) innovative training network (ITN) ECOSTORE, the aim of which was the investigation of different aspects of (complex) metal hydride materials. Advances in battery and hydrogen storage materials for the efficient and compact storage of renewable energy production are discussed.
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Microstructural Investigation of Nanocrystalline Hydrogen-Storing Mg-Titanate Nanotube Composites Processed by High-Pressure Torsion. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A high-energy ball milling and subsequent high-pressure torsion method was applied to synthesize nanocrystalline magnesium samples catalyzed by TiO2 or titanate nanotubes. The microstructure of the as-milled powders and the torqued bulk disks was characterized by X-ray diffraction. The recorded diffractograms have been evaluated by the convolutional multiple whole profile fitting algorithm, which provided microstructural parameters (average crystal size, crystallite size distribution, average dislocation density). The morphology of the nanotube-containing disks has been examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The effect of the different additives and preparation conditions on the hydrogen absorption behavior was investigated in a Sieverts’-type apparatus. It was found that the ball-milling route has a prominent effect on the dispersion and morphology of the titanate nanotubes, and the absorption capability of the Mg-based composite is highly dependent on these features.
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Patelli N, Migliori A, Pasquini L. Reversible Metal‐Hydride Transformation in Mg‐Ti‐H Nanoparticles at Remarkably Low Temperatures. Chemphyschem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201801186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Patelli
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Bologna viale Berti-Pichat 6/2 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Migliori
- Unit of Bologna, Institute for Microelectronics and MicrosystemsNational Research Council via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Bologna viale Berti-Pichat 6/2 40127 Bologna Italy
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Gutierrez Y, Giangregorio MM, Palumbo F, Brown AS, Moreno F, Losurdo M. Optically addressing interaction of Mg/MgO plasmonic systems with hydrogen. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:A197-A205. [PMID: 30876135 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.00a197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium-based films and nanostructures are being studied in order to improve hydrogen reversibility, storage capacity, and kinetics, because of their potential in the hydrogen economy. Some challenges with magnesium (Mg) samples are their unavoidable oxidation by air exposure and lack of direct in situ real time measurements of hydrogen interaction with Mg and MgO surfaces and Mg plasmonic nanoparticles. Given these challenges, the present article investigates direct interaction of Mg with hydrogen, as well as implications of its inevitable oxidation by real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry for exploiting the optical properties of Mg, MgH2 and MgO. The direct hydrogenation measurements have been performed in a reactor that combines a remote hydrogen plasma source with an in situ spectroscopic ellipsometer, which allows optical monitoring of the hydrogen interaction and results in optical property modification. The hydrogen plasma dual use is to provide the hydrogen-atoms and to reduce barriers to heterogeneous hydrogen reactions.
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