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Chowdhury TA, Bin Zafar MA, Sajjad-Ul Islam M, Shahinuzzaman M, Islam MA, Khandaker MU. Stability of perovskite solar cells: issues and prospects. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1787-1810. [PMID: 36712629 PMCID: PMC9828105 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05903g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though power conversion efficiency has already reached 25.8%, poor stability is one of the major challenges hindering the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Several initiatives, such as structural modification and fabrication techniques by numerous ways, have been employed by researchers around the world to achieve the desired level of stability. The goal of this review is to address the recent improvements in PSCs in terms of structural modification and fabrication procedures. Perovskite films are used to provide a broad range of stability and to lose up to 20% of their initial performance. A thorough comprehension of the effect of the fabrication process on the device's stability is considered to be crucial in order to provide the foundation for future attempts. We summarize several commonly used fabrication techniques - spin coating, doctor blade, sequential deposition, hybrid chemical vapor, and alternating layer-by-layer. The evolution of device structure from regular to inverted, HTL free, and ETL including the changes in material utilization from organic to inorganic, as well as the perovskite material are presented in a systematic manner. We also aimed to gain insight into the functioning stability of PSCs, as well as practical information on how to increase their operational longevity through sensible device fabrication and materials processing, to promote PSC commercialization at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzi Ahmed Chowdhury
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University ChittagongKumiraBangladesh
| | - Md. Arafat Bin Zafar
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University ChittagongKumiraBangladesh
| | - Md. Sajjad-Ul Islam
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University ChittagongKumiraBangladesh
| | - M. Shahinuzzaman
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR)Dhaka 1205Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University47500 Bandar SunwaySelangorMalaysia,Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International UniversityDIU RdDhaka 1341Bangladesh
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Shahinuzzaman M, Afroz S, Mohafez H, Jamal MS, Khandaker MU, Sulieman A, Tamam N, Islam MA. Roles of Inorganic Oxide Based HTMs towards Highly Efficient and Long-Term Stable PSC-A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3003. [PMID: 36080043 PMCID: PMC9457918 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In just a few years, the efficiency of perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) has risen to 25.8%, making them competitive with current commercial technology. Due to the inherent advantage of perovskite thin films that can be fabricated using simple solution techniques at low temperatures, PSCs are regarded as one of the most important low-cost and mass-production prospects. The lack of stability, on the other hand, is one of the major barriers to PSC commercialization. The goal of this review is to highlight the most important aspects of recent improvements in PSCs, such as structural modification and fabrication procedures, which have resulted in increased device stability. The role of different types of hole transport layers (HTL) and the evolution of inorganic HTL including their fabrication techniques have been reviewed in detail in this review. We eloquently emphasized the variables that are critical for the successful commercialization of perovskite devices in the final section. To enhance perovskite solar cell commercialization, we also aimed to obtain insight into the operational stability of PSCs, as well as practical information on how to increase their stability through rational materials and device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Shahinuzzaman
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjida Afroz
- Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Hamidreza Mohafez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. S. Jamal
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, DIU Rd, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Abdelmoneim Sulieman
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nissren Tamam
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia
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Effects of polyethylene oxide particles on the photo-physical properties and stability of FA-rich perovskite solar cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12860. [PMID: 35896576 PMCID: PMC9329478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15923-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we use Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) particles to control the morphology of Formamidinium (FA)-rich perovskite films and achieve large grains with improved optoelectronic properties. Consequently, a planar perovskite solar cell (PSC) is fabricated with additions of 5 wt% of PEO, and the highest PCE of 18.03% was obtained. This solar cell is also shown to retain up to 80% of its initial PCE after about 140 h of storage under the ambient conditions (average relative humidity of 62.5 ± 3.25%) in an unencapsulated state. Furthermore, the steady-state PCE of the PEO-modified PSC device remained stable for long (over 2500 s) under continuous illumination. This addition of PEO particles is shown to enable the tuning of the optoelectronic properties of perovskite films, improvements in the overall photophysical properties of PSCs, and an increase in resistance to the degradation of PSCs.
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The Role of Local Citizen Energy Communities in the Road to Carbon-Neutral Power Systems: Outcomes from a Case Study in Portugal. SMART CITIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/smartcities4020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Global warming contributes to the worldwide goal of a sustainable carbon-neutral society. Currently, hydroelectric, wind and solar power plants are the most competitive renewable technologies. They are limited to the primary resource availability, but while hydroelectric power plants (HPPs) can have storage capacity but have several geographical limitations, wind and solar power plants have variable renewable energy (VRE) with stochastic profiles, requiring a substantially higher investment when equipped with battery energy storage systems. One of the most affordable solutions to compensate the stochastic behaviour of VRE is the active participation of consumers with demand response capability. Therefore, the role of citizen energy communities (CECs) can be important towards a carbon-neutral society. This work presents the economic and environmental advantages of CECs, by aggregating consumers, prosumers and VRE at the distribution level, considering microgrid trades, but also establishing bilateral agreements with large-scale VRE and HPPs, and participating in electricity markets. Results from the case-study prove the advantages of CECs and self-consumption. Currently, CECs have potential to be carbon-neutral in relation to electricity consumption and reduce consumers’ costs with its variable term until 77%. In the future, electrification may allow CECs to be fully carbon-neutral, if they increase their flexibility portfolio.
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High Mobility Reactive Sputtered CuxO Thin Film for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Copper oxide (CuxO) films are considered to be an attractive hole-transporting material (HTM) in the inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells due to their unique optoelectronic properties, including intrinsic p-type conductivity, high mobility, low-thermal emittance, and energy band level matching with the perovskite (PS) material. In this study, the potential of reactive sputtered CuxO thin films with a thickness of around 100 nm has been extensively investigated as a promising HTM for effective and stable perovskite solar cells. The as-deposited and annealed films have been characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Photoluminescence (PL), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Hall-effect measurement techniques. The significant change in structural and optoelectronic properties has been observed as an impact of the thermal annealing process. The phase conversion from Cu2O to CuO, including grain size increment, was observed upon thermal annealing. The transmittance and optical bandgap were found to vary with the films’ crystallographic transformation. The predominant p-type conductivity and optimum annealing time for higher mobility have been confirmed from the Hall measurement. Films’ optoelectrical properties were implemented in the complete perovskite solar cell for numerical analysis. The simulation results show that a 40 min annealed CuxO film yields the highest efficiency of 22.56% with a maximum open-circuit voltage of 1.06 V.
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Dhamaniya BP, Chhillar P, Kumar A, Chandratre K, Mahato S, Ganesan KP, Pathak SK. Orientation-Controlled ( h0 l) PbI 2 Crystallites Using a Novel Pb-Precursor for Facile and Quick Sequential MAPbI 3 Perovskite Deposition. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31180-31191. [PMID: 33324827 PMCID: PMC7726936 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites have shown significant progress in the last few years having achieved efficiencies over 25% at the lab scale. The sequential deposition technique has provided a robust approach in the perovskite film fabrication. However, obtaining a reproducible and quality perovskite film has always been challenging because of the highly crystalline and ordered (001) oriented underlying PbI2 film. Here, we report a simple solution approach to fabricate a PbI2 residue-free, superior grade perovskite film by using a compositional engineered PbI2-precursor solution. We demonstrate that the Pb-precursor film crystallized into a R-centered Hexagonal metric lattice with (h0l), (hk0), and (00l) orientations provides a more efficient and quicker conversion into perovskites compared to conventional (001) oriented 2H-PbI2. A porous and multi-oriented PbI2 film is prepared by rationally incorporating a volumetric fraction of Pb(Ac)2·3H2O in the typical PbI2/dimethylformamide precursor solution, which significantly improves the surface features of PbI2 as well as the structural properties. As a result, a compact, smooth, and large grain perovskite can be obtained by accomplishing a full conversion with comparatively much less reaction time. Furthermore, a comprehensive mechanism of structural modification of PbI2 and the role of its orientation in ameliorating the reaction kinetics has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Pratap Dhamaniya
- Centre
for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of
Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- U.R.
Rao Satellite Centre, Indian Space Research
Organisation, Bengaluru 560017, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyanka Chhillar
- Centre
for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of
Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Centre
for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of
Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Kartiki Chandratre
- Centre
for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of
Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sanchayan Mahato
- Centre
for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of
Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Krishna Priya Ganesan
- U.R.
Rao Satellite Centre, Indian Space Research
Organisation, Bengaluru 560017, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Pathak
- Centre
for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of
Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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