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Abdullah SN, Kechik MMA, Kamarudin AN, Talib ZA, Baqiah H, Kien CS, Pah LK, Abdul Karim MK, Shabdin MK, Shaari AH, Hashim A, Suhaimi NE, Miryala M. Microstructure and Superconducting Properties of Bi-2223 Synthesized via Co-Precipitation Method: Effects of Graphene Nanoparticle Addition. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2197. [PMID: 37570515 PMCID: PMC10420798 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of graphene addition on the phase formation and superconducting properties of (Bi1.6Pb0.4)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 (Bi-2223) ceramics synthesized using the co-precipitation method were systematically investigated. Series samples of Bi-2223 were added with different weight percentages (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 wt.%) of graphene nanoparticles. The samples' phase formations and crystal structures were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the superconducting critical temperatures, Tc, were investigated using alternating current susceptibility (ACS). The XRD showed that a high-Tc phase, Bi-2223, and a small low-Tc phase, Bi-2212, dominated the samples. The volume fraction of the Bi-2223 phase increased for the sample with x = 0.3 wt.% and 0.5 wt.% of graphene and slightly reduced at x = 1.0 wt.%. The ACS showed that the onset critical temperature, Tc-onset, phase lock-in temperature, Tcj, and coupling peak temperature, TP, decreased when graphene was added to the samples. The susceptibility-temperature (χ'-T) and (χ″-T) curves of each sample, where χ' and χ″ are the real and imaginary parts of the susceptibility, respectively, were obtained. The critical temperature of the pure sample was also measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nabilah Abdullah
- Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Mustafa Awang Kechik
- Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Aliah Nursyahirah Kamarudin
- Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zainal Abidin Talib
- Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, Jeonbuk National University 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hussein Baqiah
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, No. 566 University Rd. West, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Chen Soo Kien
- Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Lim Kean Pah
- Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim
- Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Kashfi Shabdin
- Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Halim Shaari
- Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Azhan Hashim
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Jengka 26400, Malaysia
| | | | - Muralidhar Miryala
- Materials for Energy and Environmental Laboratory, Superconducting Materials, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3 Chome-7-5 Toyosu, Koto, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
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