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Huo Z, Duan Y, Zhan D, Xu X, Zheng N, Cai J, Sun R, Wang J, Cheng F, Gao Z, Xu C, Liu W, Dong Y, Ma S, Zhang Q, Zheng Y, Lou L, Kuang D, Chu Q, Qin J, Wang G, Wang Y. Proteomic Stratification of Prognosis and Treatment Options for Small Cell Lung Cancer. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2024; 22:qzae033. [PMID: 38961535 DOI: 10.1093/gpbjnl/qzae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant and heterogeneous cancer with limited therapeutic options and prognosis prediction models. Here, we analyzed formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of surgical resections by proteomic profiling, and stratified SCLC into three proteomic subtypes (S-I, S-II, and S-III) with distinct clinical outcomes and chemotherapy responses. The proteomic subtyping was an independent prognostic factor and performed better than current tumor-node-metastasis or Veterans Administration Lung Study Group staging methods. The subtyping results could be further validated using FFPE biopsy samples from an independent cohort, extending the analysis to both surgical and biopsy samples. The signatures of the S-II subtype in particular suggested potential benefits from immunotherapy. Differentially overexpressed proteins in S-III, the worst prognostic subtype, allowed us to nominate potential therapeutic targets, indicating that patient selection may bring new hope for previously failed clinical trials. Finally, analysis of an independent cohort of SCLC patients who had received immunotherapy validated the prediction that the S-II patients had better progression-free survival and overall survival after first-line immunotherapy. Collectively, our study provides the rationale for future clinical investigations to validate the current findings for more accurate prognosis prediction and precise treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitian Huo
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hosptial, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yaqi Duan
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hosptial, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dongdong Zhan
- Beijing Pineal Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xizhen Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Nairen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Institution of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Ruifang Sun
- Department of Tumor Biobank, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, School of Bioinformation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Beijing Pineal Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Caixia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuting Dong
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sailong Ma
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hosptial, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yiyun Zheng
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liping Lou
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dong Kuang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Beijing Pineal Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hosptial, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
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2
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Ceresoli GL, Rossi G, Agustoni F, Bonomi L, Borghetti P, Bulotta A, Casartelli C, Cerea G, Colonese F, Del Signore E, Finocchiaro G, Gianoncelli L, Grisanti S, Maiolani M, Pagni F, Proto C, Rijavec E, Vittimberga I, Arcangeli S, Filippi AR. Management of patients with extensive small-cell lung cancer in the immunotherapy era: An Italian consensus through a Delphi approach. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 199:104247. [PMID: 38307393 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy represented a turning point for treating extensive small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Although, many issues remain debated. METHODS A group of Italian medical and radiation oncologists with expertise in managing patients with ES-SCLC developed a list of statements divided in six areas of interest. The Delphi method was used to assess the consensus on the defined list of statements. RESULTS 32 statements were included in the final list to be voted by the Delphi panel, and 26 reached a consensus on the agreement. A prompt involvement of a multidisciplinary team is a priority to provide an integrated treatment strategy. First-line recommended treatment is immunotherapy in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy and etoposide for four cycles followed by maintenance immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS While awaiting new data from clinical trials and real-world studies, these recommendations can represent a useful tool to guide the management of ES-SCLC patients in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulio Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Hospital Institute Fondazione Poliambulanza, Via Bissolati 57, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Agustoni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia Bonomi
- Unit of Oncology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paolo Borghetti
- Radiation Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bulotta
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Cerea
- Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Ester Del Signore
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Finocchiaro
- Medical Oncology and Hematologic Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Istituto Clinico Humanitas-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Letizia Gianoncelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grisanti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Martina Maiolani
- U.O.C Oncologia Medica ASST Valtellina e Alto Lario, Sondrio, Italy
| | - Fabio Pagni
- Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Claudia Proto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Rijavec
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Arcangeli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccardo Filippi
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Radiation Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Seo BM, Choi J, Chang B, Kim BG, Park TS, Lee H, Moon JY, Kim SH, Kim TH, Yoo SJ, Park HJ, Yoon HJ, Sohn JW, Lee SH, Park DW. Clinical significance of the advanced lung cancer inflammation index in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10347. [PMID: 38710892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the prognostic significance of the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) undergoing definite chemo-radiotherapy (CRT). We included 87 patients with LS-SCLC from South Korea, treated between 2005 and 2019 with definite CRT. ALI was calculated using body mass index, serum albumin, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. We categorized 38 patients into the high ALI group (ALI ≥ 44.3) and 48 into the low ALI group (ALI < 44.3). Patients in the high ALI group exhibited longer overall survival (OS) than patients in the low ALI group. In multivariate analysis, prophylactic cranial irradiation (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.366, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.20-0.66, P = 0.0008), and high ALI (HR = 0.475, 95% CI 0.27-0.84, P = 0.0103) were identified as independent prognostic factors for predicting better OS. Notably, a high ALI score was particularly indicative of longer survival in patients treated with the combination of etoposide and cisplatin. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that a high pretreatment ALI was significantly associated with better OS in patients with LS-SCLC undergoing definite CRT. This suggests that ALI could be a useful tool for predicting prognosis and guiding chemotherapy regimen selections in clinical practice for LS-SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Mi Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiin Choi
- Office of Hospital Information, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boksoon Chang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyungheedae-ro 23, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Guen Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae Jin Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Joo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Won Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyungheedae-ro 23, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Vryza P, Fischer T, Mistakidi E, Zaravinos A. Tumor mutation burden in the prognosis and response of lung cancer patients to immune-checkpoint inhibition therapies. Transl Oncol 2023; 38:101788. [PMID: 37776617 PMCID: PMC10542015 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapies have reshaped the therapeutic landscape in lung cancer management, providing first-time improvements in patient response, prognosis, and overall survival. Despite their clinical effectiveness, variability in treatment responsiveness, as well as drug resistance, have led to a compelling need for predictive biomarkers facilitating the individualized selection of the most efficient therapeutic approach. Significant progress has been made in the identification of such biomarkers, with tumor mutation burden (ΤΜΒ) appearing as the leading and most promising predictive biomarker for the efficacy of ICIs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among other tumors. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies have been extensively studied and clinically utilized. However, the overall efficiency of these drugs remains unsatisfactory, urging for the investigation of novel inhibitors, such as those targeting LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT and VISTA, which could be used either as a monotherapy or synergistically with the PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4 blockers. Here, we investigate the role of TMB and cancer neoantigens as predictive biomarkers in the response of lung cancer patients to different ICI therapies, specifically focusing on the most recent immune checkpoint inhibitors, against LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT and VISTA. We further discuss the new trends in immunotherapies, including CAR T-cell therapy and personalized tumor vaccines. We also review further potential biomarkers that could be used in lung cancer response to immunotherapy, such as PD-L1+ IHC, MSI/dMMR, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), as well as the role of the microbiome and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Vryza
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus; Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Timo Fischer
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus; Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Elena Mistakidi
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus; Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Nicosia 1516, Cyprus; Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus.
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Dawe DE, Rittberg R, Syed I, Shanahan MK, Moldaver D, Bucher O, Galloway K, Reynolds K, Paul JT, Harlos C, Kim JO, Banerji S. Real-world predictors of survival in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer in Manitoba, Canada: a retrospective cohort study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1191855. [PMID: 37795434 PMCID: PMC10545857 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1191855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) is an incurable cancer with poor prognosis in which characteristics predictive of long-term survival are debated. The utility of agents such as immune checkpoint inhibitors highlights the importance of identifying key characteristics and treatment strategies that contribute to long-term survival and could help guide therapeutic decisions. Objective This real-world analysis examines the characteristics, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes of patients receiving chemotherapy without immunotherapy for ES-SCLC in Manitoba, Canada. Methods A retrospective cohort study assessed patient characteristics, treatment, and survival duration (short: <6 months; medium: 6-24 months; long: >24 months) using the Manitoba Cancer Registry and CancerCare Manitoba records. Eligible patients were aged >18 years with cytologically confirmed ES-SCLC diagnosed between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2018, and received cytotoxic chemotherapy (CT). The one-, two-, and five-year probabilities of overall survival (OS) were assessed relative to patient, disease, and treatment characteristics using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards models. Results This analysis included 537 patients. Cisplatin was used in 56.1% of patients, 45.6% received thoracic radiotherapy (RT), and few received prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). In the overall cohort, one-, two- and five-year OS rates were 26%, 8%, and 3%, respectively. For patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) 0, OS rates at one, two, and five years were 43%, 17%, and 10%, respectively, vs. 27%, 8%, and 2% for those with ECOG PS 1-2, and 16%, 3%, and 3% for those with ECOG PS 3-4. In long-term survivors, ECOG PS scores were lower and abnormal laboratory test results were less frequent. Overall, 74.4% of long-term survivors received thoracic RT and 53.5% received PCI. Known poor prognostic factors - including brain/liver metastases, high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), abnormal sodium, and low hemoglobin levels - were less common but still seen in long-term survivors. Conclusion Although rare, patients with ES-SCLC may experience long-term survival with CT ± thoracic RT ± PCI. Factors predicting long-term survival include traditional prognostic factors such as ECOG PS, LDH level, and receipt of thoracic RT or PCI. These findings support current treatment algorithms for ES-SCLC and provide baseline survival estimates to assess the real-world impact of adding immune checkpoint inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Dawe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rebekah Rittberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Iqra Syed
- AstraZeneca Canada, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Oliver Bucher
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Katie Galloway
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kayla Reynolds
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James T. Paul
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Craig Harlos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Julian O. Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shantanu Banerji
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Zhu W, Wu L, Wu J, Lin S, Fang C, Zhang H. Pseudoprogression Disease in a Patient with Small Cell Lung Cancer on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:905-911. [PMID: 37680956 PMCID: PMC10480285 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s418116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% of all lung cancers and is on the rise annually. It is characterized by low differentiation, high malignancy, and rapid growth. Consequently, treatment options are limited, and the patient's prognosis is poor. The emergence of immunotherapy has partially improved the survival and prognosis of SCLC patients. However, a unique response known as "pseudoprogression" during immunotherapy has raised concerns. The occurrence of tumor enlargement despite a positive response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy undoubtedly affects the assessment of clinical drug efficacy and the selection of subsequent treatment strategies. In this article, we analyze a clinical case of pseudoprogression in a patient with SCLC who received immune therapy (Durvalumab). Currently, there is insufficient evidence-based medicine to guide the diagnosis, differentiation and subsequent treatment strategies for pseudoprogression in SCLC following immunotherapy. Through this case report and literature review, we aim to provide diagnostic and therapeutic insights for the clinical use of immunotherapy in advanced SCLC. Additionally, we hope that fellow readers of this article can engage in further collaborative discussions through more clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshan Zhu
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lexia Wu
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Wu
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sihong Lin
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cantu Fang
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huatang Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Duan H, Shi L, Shao C, Wang Y, Wang Z, Ni Y, Zhao J, Sun J, Tong L, Lei J, Jiang T, Liu Z, Yan X. A multicenter, single-arm, open study of neoadjuvant or conversion atezolizumab in combination with chemotherapy in resectable small cell lung cancer (Cohort Study). Int J Surg 2023; 109:2641-2649. [PMID: 37428211 PMCID: PMC10498862 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the prospects of using chemotherapy in combination with atezolizumab in the neoadjuvant or conversion treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). METHODS Prior to surgery, untreated patients with limited-stage SCLC received three cycles of neoadjuvant or conversion atezolizumab combined with chemotherapy of etoposide and platinum. The primary endpoint of the trial was pathological complete response (pCR) in the per-protocol (PP) cohort. In addition, safety was assessed based on treatment-related adverse events (AEs) and postoperative complications. RESULTS Overall, 13 of 17 patients (including 14 males and 3 females) underwent surgery. In the PP cohort, pCR and major pathological response were observed in 8 (8/13, 61.5%) and 12 (12/13, 92.3%) patients, respectively. According to the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, the pCR and major pathological response in the ITT cohort were 47.1% (8/17) and 70.6% (12/17), respectively. In addition, an overall response rate of 100% was recorded in the PP cohort. Moreover, 15 (15/17, 88.2%) patients and 1 (1/17, 5.9%) in the ITT cohort attained partial remission (PR), and complete remission, respectively, with an overall response rate of 94.1%. The median overall survival of the patients of pCR and the median event-free survival of the patients on surgery had not achieved. However, the median overall survival of the patients of non-pCR was 18.2 months and the median event-free survival of the nonsurgical patients was 9.5 months. During the neoadjuvant treatment, the incidence of grade 3 or higher AEs was 58.8% (10/17). Additionally, three patients (17.6%) developed immune-related adverse event (grades 1-2). CONCLUSION In patients with SCLC, neoadjuvant or conversion atezolizumab combined with chemotherapy significantly improved pCR with manageable AEs. Therefore, this regimen may be considered a safe and effective treatment for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Oncology at Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changjian Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - Yuanyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - Yunfeng Ni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - Jianyong Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - Liping Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - Jie Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Oncology at Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi
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Li K, Quan L, Huang F, Li Y, Shen Z. ADAM12 promotes the resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells to EGFR-TKI and regulates the immune microenvironment by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR and RAS signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110580. [PMID: 37418984 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a malignant respiratory disease, resulting in a heavy social burden. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) resistance and tumor immune microenvironment are important directions in the treatment of LUAD. In this study, we confirmed the role of ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (ADAM12) in LUAD development and progression. Our bioinformatic analysis was conducted to screen ADAM12 was correlated with EGFR-TKI and immune infiltration in LUAD patients. Our results showed that the transcription and post-transcription level of ADAM12 is significantly increased in tumor samples compared to normal samples, and ADAM12 correlated with poor prognosis in LUAD patients. High level of ADAM12 accelerated the LUAD progression via promoting proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis escaping, immune escaping, EGFR-TKI resistance, angiogenesis, invasion and migration based on experiment validation in vitro and in vivo, which could be attenuated by ADAM12 knockdown. Further mechanistic studies suggested that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and RAS signaling pathways were activated after ADAM12 knockdown. Therefore, ADAM12 might be validated as a possible molecular therapy target and prognostic marker for patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Lingli Quan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine 1, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Central South University, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Central South University, Zhuzhou 412000, China.
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China.
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9
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Patel SR, Das M. Small Cell Lung Cancer: Emerging Targets and Strategies for Precision Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4016. [PMID: 37627044 PMCID: PMC10452729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer is an aggressive subtype of lung cancer with limited treatment options. Precision medicine has revolutionized cancer treatment for many tumor types but progress in SCLC has been slower due to the lack of targetable biomarkers. This review article provides an overview of emerging strategies for precision therapy in SCLC. Targeted therapies include targeted kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, angiogenesis inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, PARP inhibitors, and epigenetic modulators. Angiogenesis inhibitors and DNA-damaging agents, such as PARP and ATR inhibitors, have been explored in SCLC with limited success to date although trials are ongoing. The potential of targeting DLL3, a NOTCH ligand, through antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR T-cell therapy, has opened up new therapeutic options moving forward. Additionally, new research in epigenetic therapeutics in reversing transcriptional repression, modulating anti-tumor immunity, and utilizing antibody-drug conjugates to target cell surface-specific targets in SCLC are also being investigated. While progress in precision therapy for SCLC has been challenging, recent advancements provide optimism for improved treatment outcomes. However, several challenges remain and will need to be addressed, including drug resistance and tumor heterogeneity. Further research and biomarker-selected clinical trials are necessary to develop effective precision therapies for SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti R. Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Millie Das
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Section, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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10
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Gao L, Wang J, Chen J, Zhang X, Zhang M, Wang S, Zhao C. Anlotinib plus etoposide increases survival in patients with small-cell lung cancer after chemoradiotherapy. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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External Validation of the Graded Prognostic Assessment in Patients with Brain Metastases from Small Cell Lung Cancer. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:7181-7188. [PMID: 36290842 PMCID: PMC9600349 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, graded prognostic assessment (GPA) for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with brain metastases has been developed. This includes age, performance status, number of brain metastases and presence of extracranial metastases. The aim of the present study was to validate this four-tiered prognostic score in a European cohort of patients. METHODS The retrospective validation study included 180 patients from two centers in Germany and Norway. RESULTS Median survival from radiological diagnosis of brain metastases was 7 months. The GPA point sum as continuous variable (0-4 points) was significantly associated with survival (p < 0.001). However, no significant survival difference was observed between patients in the two strata with better survival (3.5-4 and 2.5-3 points, respectively). Long-term survival in the poor prognosis group (0-1 points) was better than expected. CONCLUSION This study supports the prognostic impact of all four parameters contributing to the GPA. The original way of grouping the parameters and breaking the final strata did not give optimal results in this cohort. Therefore, additional validation databases from different countries should be created and evaluated.
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12
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Zhu Y, Cui Y, Zheng X, Zhao Y, Sun G. Small-cell lung cancer brain metastasis: From molecular mechanisms to diagnosis and treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166557. [PMID: 36162624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most malignant human cancer worldwide, also with the highest incidence rate. However, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 14 % of all lung cancer cases. Approximately 10 % of patients with SCLC have brain metastasis at the time of diagnosis, which is the leading cause of death of patients with SCLC worldwide. The median overall survival is only 4.9 months, and a long-tern cure exists for patients with SCLC brain metastasis due to limited common therapeutic options. Recent studies have enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to meningeal metastasis, and multimodality treatments have brought new hopes for a better cure for the disease. This review aimed to offer an insight into the cellular processes of different metastatic stages of SCLC revealed by the established animal models, and into the major diagnostic methods of SCLC. Additionally, it provided in-depth information on the recent advances in SCLC treatments, and highlighted several new models and biomarkers with promises to improve the prognosis of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingze Zhu
- Department of Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-industrial Integration Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Yishuang Cui
- Department of Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-industrial Integration Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-industrial Integration Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
| | - Guogui Sun
- Department of Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-industrial Integration Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.
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13
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Vanhove K, Derveaux E, Mesotten L, Thomeer M, Criel M, Mariën H, Adriaensens P. Unraveling the Rewired Metabolism in Lung Cancer Using Quantitative NMR Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105602. [PMID: 35628415 PMCID: PMC9146819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer cells are well documented to rewire their metabolism and energy production networks to enable proliferation and survival in a nutrient-poor and hypoxic environment. Although metabolite profiling of blood plasma and tissue is still emerging in omics approaches, several techniques have shown potential in cancer diagnosis. In this paper, the authors describe the alterations in the metabolic phenotype of lung cancer patients. In addition, we focus on the metabolic cooperation between tumor cells and healthy tissue. Furthermore, the authors discuss how metabolomics could improve the management of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolien Vanhove
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Agoralaan 1-Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, AZ Vesalius, Hazelereik 51, B-3700 Tongeren, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Elien Derveaux
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (E.D.); (H.M.)
| | - Liesbet Mesotten
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Schiepse Bos 6, B-3600 Genk, Belgium;
| | - Michiel Thomeer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Schiepse Bos 6, B-3600 Genk, Belgium; (M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Maarten Criel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Schiepse Bos 6, B-3600 Genk, Belgium; (M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Hanne Mariën
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (E.D.); (H.M.)
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Agoralaan 1-Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
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14
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Liang J, Guan X, Bao G, Yao Y, Zhong X. Molecular subtyping of small cell lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:450-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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15
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Melosky B. Immunotherapy in Thoracic Malignancies: New Treatment and New Hope. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:834-836. [PMID: 35200569 PMCID: PMC8870337 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over these last two pandemic years, we have all experienced profound changes in how we practice, how we work, and how we live [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Melosky
- BC Cancer, Vancouver Centre, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
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16
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Kim BH, Woo TG, Kang SM, Park S, Park BJ. Splicing Variants, Protein-Protein Interactions, and Drug Targeting in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome and Small Cell Lung Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020165. [PMID: 35205210 PMCID: PMC8871687 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a biological operation that enables a messenger RNA to encode protein variants (isoforms) that give one gene several functions or properties. This process provides one of the major sources of use for understanding the proteomic diversity of multicellular organisms. In combination with post-translational modifications, it contributes to generating a variety of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) that are essential to cellular homeostasis or proteostasis. However, cells exposed to many kinds of stresses (aging, genetic changes, carcinogens, etc.) sometimes derive cancer or disease onset from aberrant PPIs caused by DNA mutations. In this review, we summarize how splicing variants may form a neomorphic protein complex and cause diseases such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and we discuss how protein–protein interfaces obtained from the variants may represent efficient therapeutic target sites to treat HGPS and SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bae-Hoon Kim
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46241, Korea; (B.-H.K.); (T.-G.W.)
| | - Tae-Gyun Woo
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46241, Korea; (B.-H.K.); (T.-G.W.)
| | - So-Mi Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46274, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46274, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46241, Korea; (B.-H.K.); (T.-G.W.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46274, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Skurikhin E, Pershina O, Zhukova M, Widera D, Ermakova N, Pan E, Pakhomova A, Morozov S, Kubatiev A, Dygai A. Potential of Stem Cells and CART as a Potential Polytherapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:778020. [PMID: 34926461 PMCID: PMC8678572 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.778020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing urgency of the problem of treating small cell lung cancer (SCLC), information on the causes of its development is fragmentary. There is no complete understanding of the features of antitumor immunity and the role of the microenvironment in the development of SCLC resistance. This impedes the development of new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of SCLC. Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have common pathogenetic factors. COPD is a risk factor for lung cancer including SCLC. Therefore, the search for effective approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of SCLC in patients with COPD is an urgent task. This review provides information on the etiology and pathogenesis of SCLC, analyses the effectiveness of current treatment options, and critically evaluates the potential of chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy (CART therapy) in SCLC. Moreover, we discuss potential links between lung cancer and COPD and the role of endothelium in the development of COPD. Finally, we propose a new approach for increasing the efficacy of CART therapy in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Skurikhin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- *Correspondence: Evgenii Skurikhin,
| | - Olga Pershina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mariia Zhukova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Ermakova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Edgar Pan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Angelina Pakhomova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Morozov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Dygai
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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