1
|
Santacroce L, Topi S, Bottalico L, Charitos IA, Jirillo E. Current Knowledge about Gastric Microbiota with Special Emphasis on Helicobacter pylori-Related Gastric Conditions. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4991-5009. [PMID: 38785567 PMCID: PMC11119845 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastric milieu, because of its very low acidic pH, is very harsh for bacterial growth. The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H.p.) has opened a new avenue for studies on the gastric microbiota, thus indicating that the stomach is not a sterile environment. Nowadays, new technologies of bacterial identification have demonstrated the existence of other microorganisms in the gastric habitat, which play an important role in health and disease. This bacterium possesses an arsenal of compounds which enable its survival but, at the same time, damage the gastric mucosa. Toxins, such as cytotoxin-associated gene A, vacuolar cytotoxin A, lipopolysaccharides, and adhesins, determine an inflammatory status of the gastric mucosa which may become chronic, ultimately leading to a gastric carcinoma. In the initial stage, H.p. persistence alters the gastric microbiota with a condition of dysbiosis, predisposing to inflammation. Probiotics and prebiotics exhibit beneficial effects on H.p. infection, and, among them, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities are the major ones. Moreover, the association of probiotics with prebiotics (synbiotics) to conventional anti-H.p. therapy contributes to a more efficacious eradication of the bacterium. Also, polyphenols, largely present in the vegetal kingdom, have been demonstrated to alleviate H.p.-dependent pathologies, even including the inhibition of tumorigenesis. The gastric microbiota composition in health and disease is described. Then, cellular and molecular mechanisms of H.p.-mediated damage are clarified. Finally, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and polyphenols in experimental models and in patients infected with H.p. is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, University ‘Alexander Xhuvani’ of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania; (S.T.)
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, University ‘Alexander Xhuvani’ of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania; (S.T.)
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Institute of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng J, Zhang Y. The potential benefits of polyphenols for corneal diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115862. [PMID: 37979379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornea functions as the primary barrier of the ocular surface, regulating temperature and humidity while providing protection against oxidative stress, harmful stimuli and pathogenic microorganisms. Corneal diseases can affect the biomechanical and optical properties of the eye, resulting in visual impairment or even blindness. Due to their diverse origins and potent biological activities, plant secondary metabolites known as polyphenols offer potential advantages for treating corneal diseases owing to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Various polyphenols and their derivatives have demonstrated diverse mechanisms of action in vitro and in vivo, exhibiting efficacy against a range of corneal diseases including repair of tissue damage, treatment of keratitis, inhibition of neovascularization, alleviation of dry eye syndrome, among others. Therefore, this article presents a concise overview of corneal and related diseases, along with an update on the research progress of natural polyphenols in safeguarding corneal health. A more comprehensive understanding of natural polyphenols provides a novel perspective for secure treatment of corneal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Micucci M, Stella Bartoletti A, Abdullah FO, Burattini S, Versari I, Canale M, D’Agostino F, Roncarati D, Piatti D, Sagratini G, Caprioli G, Mari M, Retini M, Faenza I, Battistelli M, Salucci S. Paradigm Shift in Gastric Cancer Prevention: Harnessing the Potential of Aristolochia olivieri Extract. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16003. [PMID: 37958986 PMCID: PMC10648348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242116003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer, particularly adenocarcinoma, is a significant global health concern. Environmental risk factors, such as Helicobacter pylori infection and diet, play a role in its development. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition and evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antitumor activities of an Aristolochia olivieri Colleg. ex Boiss. Leaves' methanolic extract (AOME). Additionally, morphological changes in gastric cancer cell lines were analyzed. AOME was analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS, and its antibacterial activity against H. pylori was assessed using the broth microdilution method. MIC and MBC values were determined, and positive and negative controls were included in the evaluation. Anticancer effects were assessed through in vitro experiments using AGS, KATO-III, and SNU-1 cancer cell lines. The morphological changes were examined through SEM and TEM analyses. AOME contained several compounds, including caffeic acid, rutin, and hyperoside. The extract displayed significant antimicrobial effects against H. pylori, with consistent MIC and MBC values of 3.70 ± 0.09 mg/mL. AOME reduced cell viability in all gastric cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Morphological analyses revealed significant ultrastructural changes in all tumor cell lines, suggesting the occurrence of cellular apoptosis. This study demonstrated that AOME possesses antimicrobial activity against H. pylori and potent antineoplastic properties in gastric cancer cell lines. AOME holds promise as a natural resource for innovative nutraceutical approaches in gastric cancer management. Further research and in vivo studies are warranted to validate its potential clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Micucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Anna Stella Bartoletti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Fuad O. Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Sabrina Burattini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Ilaria Versari
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.V.); (I.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Matteo Canale
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Federico D’Agostino
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (D.R.)
| | - Davide Roncarati
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (D.R.)
| | - Diletta Piatti
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.P.); (G.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianni Sagratini
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.P.); (G.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.P.); (G.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Michele Mari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Michele Retini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Irene Faenza
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.V.); (I.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Michela Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Sara Salucci
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.V.); (I.F.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arvinte OM, Senila L, Becze A, Amariei S. Rowanberry-A Source of Bioactive Compounds and Their Biopharmaceutical Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3225. [PMID: 37765389 PMCID: PMC10536293 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
After a period of intense development in the synthesis pharmaceutical industry, plants are making a comeback in the public focus as remedies or therapeutic adjuvants and in disease prevention and ensuring the wellbeing and equilibrium of the human body. Plants are being recommended more and more in alimentation, in their natural form, or as extracts, supplements or functional aliments. People, in general, are in search of new sources of nutrients and phytochemicals. As a result, scientific research turns to lesser known and used plants, among them being rowanberries, a species of fruit very rich in nutrients and underused due to their bitter astringent taste and a lack of knowledge regarding the beneficial effects of these fruit. Rowan fruits (rowanberries) are a rich source of vitamins, polysaccharides, organic acids and minerals. They are also a source of natural polyphenols, which are often correlated with the prevention and treatment of modern world diseases. This article presents the existing data regarding the chemical composition, active principles and biopharmaceutical properties of rowan fruits and the different opportunities for their usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia Marioara Arvinte
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Lăcrimioara Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Anca Becze
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Sonia Amariei
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang C, Zhang J, Wang W, Shan Z, Sun F, Tan Y, Tong Y, Qiu Y. Extracellular vesicles in gastric cancer: role of exosomal lncRNA and microRNA as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1158839. [PMID: 37664422 PMCID: PMC10469264 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1158839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, play a crucial role in intercellular communication and have emerged as important mediators in the development and progression of gastric cancer. This review discusses the current understanding of the role of EVs, particularly exosomal lncRNA and microRNA, in gastric cancer and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Exosomes are small membrane-bound particles secreted by both cancer cells and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment. They contain various ncRNA and biomolecules, which can be transferred to recipient cells to promote tumor growth and metastasis. In this review, we highlighted the importance of exosomal lncRNA and microRNA in gastric cancer. Exosomal lncRNAs have been shown to regulate gene expression by interacting with transcription factors or chromatin-modifying enzymes, which regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNAs. We also discuss the potential use of exosomal lncRNAs and microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer. Exosomes can be isolated from various bodily fluids, including blood, urine, and saliva. They contain specific molecules that reflect the molecular characteristics of the tumor, making them promising candidates for non-invasive diagnostic tests. Finally, the potential of targeting exosomal lncRNAs and microRNAs as a therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer were reviewed as wee. Inhibition of specific molecules within exosomes has been shown to suppress tumor growth and metastasis in preclinical models. In conclusion, this review article provides an overview of the current understanding of the role of exosomal lncRNA and microRNA in gastric cancer. We suggest that further research into these molecules could lead to new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for this deadly disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Jiang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zexing Shan
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuen Tan
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yilin Tong
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liga S, Paul C, Péter F. Flavonoids: Overview of Biosynthesis, Biological Activity, and Current Extraction Techniques. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2732. [PMID: 37514347 PMCID: PMC10384615 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently, increased attention has been paid to natural sources as raw materials for the development of new added-value products. Flavonoids are a large family of polyphenols which include several classes based on their basic structure: flavanones, flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, flavanols, and anthocyanins. They have a multitude of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Current trends of research and development on flavonoids relate to identification, extraction, isolation, physico-chemical characterization, and their applications to health benefits. This review presents an up-to-date survey of the most recent developments in the natural flavonoid classes, the biological activity of representative flavonoids, current extraction techniques, and perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Liga
- Biocatalysis Group, Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering of Organic and Natural Compounds, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timisoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Paul
- Biocatalysis Group, Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering of Organic and Natural Compounds, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timisoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Francisc Péter
- Biocatalysis Group, Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering of Organic and Natural Compounds, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timisoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Institute for Renewable Energies, Politehnica University Timisoara, Gavril Muzicescu 138, 300501 Timisoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo SS, Wang ZG. Salvianolic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge: A potential antitumor agent. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1042745. [PMID: 36386172 PMCID: PMC9640750 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1042745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae) is a perennial herb widely found in China since ancient times with a high economic and medicinal value. Salvianolic acid B (Sal-B) is an important natural product derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza and this review summarizes the anticancer activity of Sal-B. Sal-B inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting multiple cell signaling pathways. This review aims to review experimental studies to describe the possible anticancer mechanisms of Sal-B and confirm its potential as a therapeutic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Guo
- Key Laboratory of Theory of TCM, Ministry of Education of China, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Literature and Culture, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theory of TCM, Ministry of Education of China, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Literature and Culture, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen-Guo Wang,
| |
Collapse
|