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Piłsyk S, Perlińska-Lenart U, Janik A, Skalmowska P, Znój A, Gawor J, Grzesiak J, Kruszewska JS. Native and Alien Antarctic Grasses as a Habitat for Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8475. [PMID: 39126044 PMCID: PMC11313430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions are now seen as one of the main threats to the Antarctic ecosystem. An example of such an invasion is the recent colonization of the H. Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station area by the non-native grass Poa annua. This site was previously occupied only by native plants like the Antarctic hair grass Deschampsia antarctica. To adapt successfully to new conditions, plants interact with soil microorganisms, including fungi. The aim of this study was to determine how the newly introduced grass P. annua established an interaction with fungi compared to resident grass D. antarctica. We found that fungal diversity in D. antarctica roots was significantly higher compared with P. annua roots. D. antarctica managed a biodiverse microbiome because of its ability to recruit fungal biocontrol agents from the soil, thus maintaining a beneficial nature of the endophyte community. P. annua relied on a set of specific fungal taxa, which likely modulated its cold response, increasing its competitiveness in Antarctic conditions. Cultivated endophytic fungi displayed strong chitinolysis, pointing towards their role as phytopathogenic fungi, nematode, and insect antagonists. This is the first study to compare the root mycobiomes of both grass species by direct culture-independent techniques as well as culture-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Piłsyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (S.P.); (U.P.-L.); (A.J.); (P.S.); (A.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Urszula Perlińska-Lenart
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (S.P.); (U.P.-L.); (A.J.); (P.S.); (A.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Anna Janik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (S.P.); (U.P.-L.); (A.J.); (P.S.); (A.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Patrycja Skalmowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (S.P.); (U.P.-L.); (A.J.); (P.S.); (A.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Anna Znój
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (S.P.); (U.P.-L.); (A.J.); (P.S.); (A.Z.); (J.G.)
- Botanical Garden—Center for Biological Diversity Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Prawdziwka 2, 02-973 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Gawor
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (S.P.); (U.P.-L.); (A.J.); (P.S.); (A.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Jakub Grzesiak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (S.P.); (U.P.-L.); (A.J.); (P.S.); (A.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Joanna S. Kruszewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (S.P.); (U.P.-L.); (A.J.); (P.S.); (A.Z.); (J.G.)
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Rabelo NG, Gonçalves VN, Carvalho MA, Scheffler SM, Santiago G, Sucerquia PA, Oliveira FS, Campos LP, Lopes FAC, Santos KCR, Silva MC, Convey P, Câmara PEAS, Rosa LH. Endolithic Fungal Diversity in Antarctic Oligocene Rock Samples Explored Using DNA Metabarcoding. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:414. [PMID: 38927294 PMCID: PMC11200754 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the fungal diversity present associated with cores of Oligocene rocks using a DNA metabarcoding approach. We detected 940,969 DNA reads grouped into 198 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) representing the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota, Rozellomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Zoopagomycota, Aphelidiomycota (Fungi) and the fungal-like Oomycota (Stramenopila), in rank abundance order. Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Aspergillaceae sp. and Diaporthaceae sp. were assessed to be dominant taxa, with 22 fungal ASVs displaying intermediate abundance and 170 being minor components of the assigned fungal diversity. The data obtained displayed high diversity indices, while rarefaction indicated that the majority of the diversity was detected. However, the diversity indices varied between the cores analysed. The endolithic fungal community detected using a metabarcoding approach in the Oligocene rock samples examined contains a rich and complex mycobiome comprising taxa with different lifestyles, comparable with the diversity reported in recent studies of a range of Antarctic habitats. Due to the high fungal diversity detected, our results suggest the necessity of further research to develop strategies to isolate these fungi in culture for evolutionary, physiological, and biogeochemical studies, and to assess their potential role in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natana G. Rabelo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (N.G.R.); (V.N.G.)
| | - Vívian N. Gonçalves
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (N.G.R.); (V.N.G.)
| | - Marcelo A. Carvalho
- Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20940-040, Brazil; (M.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Sandro M. Scheffler
- Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20940-040, Brazil; (M.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Gustavo Santiago
- Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20940-040, Brazil; (M.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Paula A. Sucerquia
- Departmento de Geologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-540, Brazil;
| | - Fabio S. Oliveira
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.S.O.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Larissa P. Campos
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.S.O.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Fabyano A. C. Lopes
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Porto Nacional 77500-000, Brazil; (F.A.C.L.); (K.C.R.S.)
| | - Karita C. R. Santos
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Porto Nacional 77500-000, Brazil; (F.A.C.L.); (K.C.R.S.)
| | - Micheline C. Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70297-400, Brazil; (M.C.S.)
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK;
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams 6350000, Chile
| | - Paulo E. A. S. Câmara
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70297-400, Brazil; (M.C.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fungos, Algas e Plantas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz H. Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (N.G.R.); (V.N.G.)
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Guajardo-Leiva S, Alarcón J, Gutzwiller F, Gallardo-Cerda J, Acuña-Rodríguez IS, Molina-Montenegro M, Crandall KA, Pérez-Losada M, Castro-Nallar E. Source and acquisition of rhizosphere microbes in Antarctic vascular plants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:916210. [PMID: 36160194 PMCID: PMC9493328 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.916210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbial communities exert critical roles in plant health, nutrient cycling, and soil fertility. Despite the essential functions conferred by microbes, the source and acquisition of the rhizosphere are not entirely clear. Therefore, we investigated microbial community diversity and potential source using the only two native Antarctic plants, Deschampsia antarctica (Da) and Colobanthus quitensis (Cq), as models. We interrogated rhizosphere and bulk soil microbiomes at six locations in the Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, Antarctica, both individual plant species and their association (Da.Cq). Our results show that host plant species influenced the richness and diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere. Here, the Da rhizosphere showed the lowest richness and diversity of bacteria compared to Cq and Da.Cq rhizospheres. In contrast, for rhizosphere fungal communities, plant species only influenced diversity, whereas the rhizosphere of Da exhibited higher fungal diversity than the Cq rhizosphere. Also, we found that environmental geographic pressures (i.e., sampling site, latitude, and altitude) and, to a lesser extent, biotic factors (i.e., plant species) determined the species turnover between microbial communities. Moreover, our analysis shows that the sources of the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere were local soils that contributed to homogenizing the community composition of the different plant species growing in the same sampling site. In contrast, the sources of rhizosphere fungi were local (for Da and Da.Cq) and distant soils (for Cq). Here, the host plant species have a specific effect in acquiring fungal communities to the rhizosphere. However, the contribution of unknown sources to the fungal rhizosphere (especially in Da and Da.Cq) indicates the existence of relevant stochastic processes in acquiring these microbes. Our study shows that rhizosphere microbial communities differ in their composition and diversity. These differences are explained mainly by the microbial composition of the soils that harbor them, acting together with plant species-specific effects. Both plant species acquire bacteria from local soils to form part of their rhizosphere. Seemingly, the acquisition process is more complex for fungi. We identified a significant contribution from unknown fungal sources due to stochastic processes and known sources from soils across the Byers Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Guajardo-Leiva
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Jaime Alarcón
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Florence Gutzwiller
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Gallardo-Cerda
- Laboratorio de Ecología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Marco Molina-Montenegro
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ecología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Keith A. Crandall
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Marcos Pérez-Losada
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- *Correspondence: Eduardo Castro-Nallar,
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