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Resource Partitioning by Corallivorous Snails on Bonaire (Southern Caribbean). DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d15010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A biodiversity survey on three corallivorous snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) was performed at 28 sites around the island of Bonaire to assess their distribution patterns and associated host corals. The snails and their hosts were identified and counted in three depth zones: 5–10, 10–20, and 20–30 m. The snails were Coralliophila galea and C. salebrosa (Muricidae: Coralliophilinae), and Cyphoma gibbosum (Ovulidae: Simniinae). All three species were widespread around the island without apparent interspecific geographical variation. Coralliophila galea was found exclusively on scleractinian corals, Coralliophila salebrosa almost exclusively on octocorals, and Cyphoma gibbosum only on octocorals. Coralliophila salebrosa showed more dietary overlap with Cyphoma gibbosum than with Coralliophila galea. Coralliophila galea was the most commonly encountered species with the largest number of host species. Owing to its hosts distribution, this species also showed a greater maximum depth and a wider bathymetrical range than the other two snails. The other two snails were shallower and their depth ranges did not differ significantly. Host-coral size did not seem to have influence on the number of snails per host. Coral damage caused by the snails was visible but appeared to be low, causing no mortality in Bonaire, which suggests that the relation with their hosts is more parasitic than predatory. Because these three corallivores have occasionally been reported to occur as outbreaks in other Caribbean localities and may act as vectors in the dispersal of coral diseases, it is recommended that future studies should focus on their population dynamics.
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Fujii T, Alves Dos Santos ME, Reimer JD. A New Species of Sea Whip Gorgonian-Associated Zoantharian (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Parazoanthidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with Subgeneric Subdivision of Genus Umimayanthus. Zoolog Sci 2021; 38:466-480. [PMID: 34664922 DOI: 10.2108/zs200172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Symbioses between invertebrates are common in the ocean although usually the diversity and specificity of their interactions are not well understood. Parazoanthidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Zoantharia) is one of the most diverse zoantharian families in terms of numbers of genera and species. Species in this family are commonly associated with various other invertebrates that they utilize as their substrate. Previous studies have re-organized the taxonomy of Parazoanthidae and revealed a strong specificity between many parazoanthid species and genera and their substrates. However, our understanding of the species diversity of Parazoanthidae is far from complete, as parazoanthids are often overlooked in sampling surveys. In this study, we establish three subgenera under the genus Umimayanthus Montenegro, Sinniger, and Reimer, 2015; the nominotypical Umimayanthus, Paraumimayanthus subgen nov., and Gorgoniazoanthus subgen. nov., based on the finding of a new species, Umimayanthus (Gorgoniazoanthus) kanabou sp. nov., associated with the sea-whip gorgonian Ellisella sp. from approximately 30 m depth in shallow mesophotic coral reef communities in Oura Bay on Okinawajima Island and in Oshima Strait near Amami-Oshima Island, in the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan. We additionally report on gastropods and crustaceans observed in association with U. kanabou, and these species are thought to potentially prey upon the zoantharians or on gorgonian polyps. Umimayanthus kanabou is phylogenetically closely related to congeneric sponge-associated Umimayanthus spp., further supporting the recent hypothesis that substrate preferences may change during the evolutionary history of zoantharians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Fujii
- International Center for Island Studies, Kagoshima University, Amami, Kagoshima 894-0026, Japan, .,Kagoshima City Aquarium, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 892-0814, Japan
| | - Maria Eduarda Alves Dos Santos
- Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.,Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - James Davis Reimer
- Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.,Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
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Kise H, Montenegro J, Santos MEA, Hoeksema BW, Ekins M, Ise Y, Higashiji T, Fernandez-Silva I, Reimer JD. Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hexactinellid sponges are important members of deep-sea benthic ecosystems because they provide available hard substrate habitats for filter-feeding invertebrates. However, symbioses between hexactinellid sponges and their symbionts are poorly known. Zoantharians associated with hexactinellid sponges have been reported widely from deep-sea marine ecosystems, either on the bodies or stalks of hexactinellid sponges. Despite these records, there has been a lack of research on their diversity and phylogenetic relationships. In this study, 20 specimens associated with amphidiscophoran and hexasterophoran sponges were collected from the waters of Australia and Japan in the Pacific, and from Curaçao in the southern Caribbean, and these were examined in addition to museum specimens. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological observations, we formally describe two new genera and three new species of Zoantharia and report several previously described species. The results suggest at least two independent origins for the symbioses between hexactinellid sponges and zoantharians. Our results demonstrate that the diversity of hexactinellid sponge-associated zoantharians is much higher than has been previously thought. The new taxa described in this work further reconfirm that the deep-sea harbours high levels of undescribed zoantharian diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kise
- Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Javier Montenegro
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Maria E A Santos
- Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Evolution, Cell Biology and Symbiosis Unit, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Bert W Hoeksema
- Taxonomy, Systematics, and Geodiversity Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Merrick Ekins
- Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, 4101, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Griffith Institute of Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuji Ise
- Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Motobu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takuo Higashiji
- Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, Okinawa Churashima Foundation, 424 Ishikawa, Motobu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Iria Fernandez-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology (School of Biology), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - James D Reimer
- Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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Kise H, Obuchi M, Reimer JD. A new Antipathozoanthus species (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia) from the northwest Pacific Ocean. Zookeys 2021; 1040:49-64. [PMID: 34512088 PMCID: PMC8390791 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of zoantharian within the genus Antipathozoanthus is described based on specimens collected from the coast of mainland Japan, northwest Pacific Ocean. Antipathozoanthustubussp. nov. is characterized by its substrate (epibiotic on polychaete tube) and habitat (exposed rock). As well, the results of molecular phylogenetic analyses using concatenated multiple genetic markers also support the distinction between A.tubussp. nov. and its congenerics. Antipathozoanthustubussp. nov. is the first species of Antipathozoanthus species reported to be epibiotic on polychaete tubes, and is the second species in the genus that is not associated with antipatharians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kise
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.,Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
| | - Masami Obuchi
- Endo Shell Museum of Manazuru, 1175 Manazuru, Manazuru, Kanagawa 259-0201, Japan
| | - James Davis Reimer
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.,Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus. 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
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Hill CEL, Lymperaki MM, Hoeksema BW. A centuries-old manmade reef in the Caribbean does not substitute natural reefs in terms of species assemblages and interspecific competition. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112576. [PMID: 34119961 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With increasing maritime activities in the proximity of coral reefs, a growing number of manmade structures are becoming available for coral colonisation. Yet, little is known about the sessile community composition of such artificial reefs in comparison with that of natural coral reefs. Here, we compared the diversity of corals and their competitors for substrate space between a centuries-old manmade structure and the nearest natural reef at St. Eustatius, eastern Caribbean. The artificial reef had a significantly lower species richness and fewer competitive interactions than the natural reef. The artificial reef was dominated by a cover of crustose coralline algae and zoantharians, instead of turf algae and fire corals on the natural reef. Significant differences in species composition were also found between exposed and sheltered sites on both reefs. Our study indicates that even a centuries-old manmade reef cannot serve as a surrogate for natural reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E L Hill
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Myrsini M Lymperaki
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bert W Hoeksema
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, the Netherlands.
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