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Dove A, Charters MD, Campbell MJ, Blake H, Menon M, Sarasan V. Fungal Community Composition at the Last Remaining Wild Site of Yellow Early Marsh Orchid ( Dactylorhiza incarnata ssp. ochroleuca). Microorganisms 2023; 11:2124. [PMID: 37630684 PMCID: PMC10459220 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The yellow early marsh orchid (Dactylorhiza incarnata ssp. ochroleuca) is a critically endangered terrestrial orchid in Britain. Previous attempts to translocate symbiotic seedlings to a site near the last remaining wild site demonstrated some success, with a 10% survival rate despite adverse weather conditions over a two-year period. However, to facilitate future reintroduction efforts or conservation translocations, a more comprehensive understanding of the fungal microbiome and abiotic soil characteristics at the final remaining wild site is required. Obtaining comprehensive information on both the fungal community and soil nutrient composition from wild sites has significant benefits and may prove critical for the success of future conservation translocations involving threatened orchids. This preliminary study, conducted at the last remaining wild site, revealed a significant correlation between the relative abundance of the orchid mycorrhizal fungal order Cantharellales and the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in the soil. Another orchid mycorrhizal fungal group, Sebacinales, was found to be distributed extensively throughout the site. The composition of fungal communities across the entire site, orchid-hosting and non-orchid-hosting soils is discussed in relation to reinforcing the current population and preventing the extinction of this orchid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dove
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, UK
| | | | | | - Hanna Blake
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (H.B.)
| | - Manoj Menon
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (H.B.)
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Olowe OM, Nicola L, Asemoloye MD, Akanmu AO, Sobowale AA, Babalola OO. Characterization and antagonistic potentials of selected rhizosphere Trichoderma species against some Fusarium species. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:985874. [PMID: 36262327 PMCID: PMC9574124 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.985874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma fungi have been proved as efficient bioagents with great antifungal properties while many species in the plant’s rhizospheres have been characterized as plant growth-promoting agents. However, many rhizosphere Trichoderma are yet to be fully explored for plant disease management. In this study, Trichoderma species were isolated from the rhizosphere of maize, banana, and cassava, and their biocontrol potentials were screened against some Fusarium species from oak leaves (F2B and F3) and laboratory cultures (Fus 296 and Fus 294). The isolated rhizosphere Trichoderma were identified as Trichoderma virens 1 (TCIV), T. virens 2 (TCVII), T. virens 3 (TMSI), T. hazianum strain 1 (TCVI), T. harzianum strain 2 (TCVIII), T. erinaceum (TMZI), and T. koningiopsis (TMZII). The dual culture experiment recorded the highest percentage inhibition in TMZII against OakF2B (31.17%), TCVIII against Fus 294 (45.18%), TMZI against Fus 296 (47.37%), while TCIV was most effective against Oak F3 (44.15%). Among the Trichoderma culture filtrates evaluated, TCIV showed the highest percentage inhibition against Oak F3 (52.39%), Oak F2B (48.54%), Fus 294 (46.65%), and Fus 296 (44.48%). All the Trichoderma isolates demonstrated expressed varying levels of antagonism against the Fusarium pathogens in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumayowa Mary Olowe
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Mail Bag, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Mycology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lidia Nicola
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Mycology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Akinlolu Olalekan Akanmu
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Mail Bag, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | | | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Mail Bag, Mmabatho, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Olubukola Oluranti Babalola,
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Gargiulo R, Adamo M, Cribb PJ, Bartolucci F, Sarasan V, Alessandrelli C, Bona E, Ciaschetti G, Conti F, Di Cecco V, Di Martino L, Gentile C, Juan A, Magrini S, Mucciarelli M, Perazza G, Fay MF. Combining current knowledge of
Cypripedium calceolus
with a new analysis of genetic variation in Italian populations to provide guidelines for conservation actions. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martino Adamo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Università di Torino Torino Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Bartolucci
- Floristic Research Center of the Apennine (University of Camerino – Gran Sasso and Laga Mountains National Park) Barisciano (L'Aquila) Italy
| | | | | | - Enzo Bona
- Centro Studi Naturalistici Bresciani, Museo di Scienze Naturali Brescia (BS) Italy
| | - Giampiero Ciaschetti
- Maiella National Park – Office for Plant Biodiversity Monitoring and Conservation Sulmona (AQ) Italy
| | - Fabio Conti
- Floristic Research Center of the Apennine (University of Camerino – Gran Sasso and Laga Mountains National Park) Barisciano (L'Aquila) Italy
| | - Valter Di Cecco
- Maiella National Park – Office for Plant Biodiversity Monitoring and Conservation Sulmona (AQ) Italy
| | - Luciano Di Martino
- Maiella National Park – Office for Plant Biodiversity Monitoring and Conservation Sulmona (AQ) Italy
| | - Carmelo Gentile
- Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park viale Santa Lucia Pescasseroli (AQ) Italy
| | - Ana Juan
- Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales University of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Sara Magrini
- Tuscia Germplasm Bank, Tuscia University, largo dell'Università blocco C Viterbo Italy
| | - Marco Mucciarelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Università di Torino Torino Italy
| | | | - Michael F. Fay
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond United Kingdom
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
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Sarasan V, Pankhurst T, Yokoya K, Sriskandarajah S, McDiarmid F. Preventing Extinction of a Critically Endangered Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. ochroleuca in Britain Using Symbiotic Seedlings for Reintroduction. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071421. [PMID: 34209355 PMCID: PMC8303340 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The yellow early marsh-orchid (Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. ochroleuca) is critically endangered in the UK. Reintroduction of this threatened orchid to former haunts that have been restored is a long-term objective of this study. Identifying germination-specific mycorrhizal fungus lineages from closely related species is used as a method due to the extremely small number of plants left in the wild. A putative orchid mycorrhizal fungus of the family Tulasnellaceae, isolated from Dactylorhiza praetermissa, supported in vitro seed germination to produce reintroduction-ready seedlings. Reintroduced symbiotic seedlings survived over the winter months in the flooded reintroduction site (RS). The comparative soil analysis for key nutrients before reintroduction showed that phosphorus content in the RS is very low compared to the soil collected from the wild site (WS) where the last viable population exists. On the other hand, C:N ratio in the soil at the WS and RS were not significantly different. To our knowledge, this is the first-ever report on the reintroduction of symbiotic seedlings of a threatened orchid back to the wild in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswambharan Sarasan
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; (K.Y.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tim Pankhurst
- Plantlife, Brewery House, 36 Milford Street, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP1 2AP, UK; (T.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Kazutomo Yokoya
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; (K.Y.); (F.M.)
| | - Sridevy Sriskandarajah
- Plantlife, Brewery House, 36 Milford Street, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP1 2AP, UK; (T.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Faye McDiarmid
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; (K.Y.); (F.M.)
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Yokoya K, Jacob AS, Zettler LW, Kendon JP, Menon M, Bell J, Rajaovelona L, Sarasan V. Fungal Diversity of Selected Habitat Specific Cynorkis Species (Orchidaceae) in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040792. [PMID: 33920122 PMCID: PMC8069969 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
About 90% of Cynorkis species are endemic to the biodiversity hotspot of Madagascar. This terrestrial habitat-specific genus received little study for fungal diversity to support conservation. We evaluated the diversity of culturable fungi of 11 species and soil characteristics from six sites spanning a >40 km radius in and along the region’s inselbergs. Peloton-forming fungi were grown in vitro from root/protocorm slices and positively identified using DNA sequencing. The fungal diversity was then correlated with soil pH, NO3-N, P, and K. All species harbored either putative mycorrhizal associates in the Rhizoctonia complex or Hypocreales fungi. Tulasnella Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were most prevalent in all soil types while Serendipita OTUs were found in species inhabiting granite/rock outcrops in moist soil (seepage areas). Most Cynorkis species were present in soil with low NO3-N and P levels with diversity of mycorrhizal fungi inversely correlated to NO3-N levels. Of the different orchid life stages sampled, only one species (Cynorkis fastigiata) yielded putative mycorrhizal fungi from juvenile stages. As diversity of mycorrhizal fungi of Cynorkis spp. was negatively correlated with NO3-N, and majority of the studied taxa were found in soils with low NO3-N and P contents, reintroduction studies must include analysis of N and P in detail. For the first time, we showed that the assemblage of culturable fungi in the roots of habitat-specific species of Cynorkis (Orchidaceae) are intimately tied to specific soil characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutomo Yokoya
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; (K.Y.); (A.S.J.); (J.P.K.); (J.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Alison S. Jacob
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; (K.Y.); (A.S.J.); (J.P.K.); (J.B.); (L.R.)
| | | | - Jonathan P. Kendon
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; (K.Y.); (A.S.J.); (J.P.K.); (J.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Manoj Menon
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Jake Bell
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; (K.Y.); (A.S.J.); (J.P.K.); (J.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Landy Rajaovelona
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; (K.Y.); (A.S.J.); (J.P.K.); (J.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Viswambharan Sarasan
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; (K.Y.); (A.S.J.); (J.P.K.); (J.B.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence:
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