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Huang B, Wu W, Hong Z. Genetic Loci Underlying Awn Morphology in Barley. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101613. [PMID: 34681007 PMCID: PMC8535194 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Barley awns are highly active in photosynthesis and account for 30–50% of grain weight in barley. They are diverse in length, ranging from long to awnless, and in shape from straight to hooded or crooked. Their diversity and importance have intrigued geneticists for several decades. A large collection of awnness mutants are available—over a dozen of them have been mapped on chromosomes and a few recently cloned. Different awnness genes interact with each other to produce diverse awn phenotypes. With the availability of the sequenced barley genome and application of new mapping and gene cloning strategies, it will now be possible to identify and clone more awnness genes. A better understanding of the genetic basis of awn diversity will greatly facilitate development of new barley cultivars with improved yield, adaptability and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biguang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Fujian Collegiate Key Laboratory of Applied Plant Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Weiren Wu
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zonglie Hong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (Z.H.)
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Genetic Interactions of Awnness Genes in Barley. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040606. [PMID: 33924025 PMCID: PMC8073869 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Awns are extending structures from lemmas in grasses and are very active in photosynthesis, contributing directly to the filling of the developing grain. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) awns are highly diverse in shape and length and are known to be controlled by multiple awn-related genes. The genetic effects of these genes on awn diversity and development in barley are multiplexed and include complementary effect, cumulative effect, duplicate effect, recessive epistasis, dominant epistasis, and inhibiting effect, each giving a unique modified Mendelian ratio of segregation. The complexity of gene interactions contributes to the awn diversity in barley. Excessive gene interactions create a challenging task for genetic mapping and specific strategies have to be developed for mapping genes with specific interactive effects. Awn gene interactions can occur at different levels of gene expression, from the transcription factor-mediated gene transcription to the regulation of enzymes and metabolic pathways. A better understanding of gene interactions will greatly facilitate deciphering the genetic mechanisms underlying barley awn diversity and development.
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Huang B, Huang D, Hong Z, Owie SO, Wu W. Genetic analysis reveals four interacting loci underlying awn trait diversity in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Sci Rep 2020; 10:12535. [PMID: 32719425 PMCID: PMC7385259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) awns contribute to grain yield, but the genetic basis of awn development remains largely unclear. Five barley lines differing in awn traits and row types were used to create four F2 populations. Genetic analyses revealed that four pairs of genes were involved in awn development: A/a (awnless/awned), B/b (awnless/awned), H/h (hooded/straight), and L/l (long/short). Of these four loci, A, H and L functioned on both central rows (CR) and lateral rows (LR) of the barley spikes, while B exhibited effect only on LR. A and B had duplicate effects on LR, and both showed dominant epistasis to loci H and L, whereas H was epistatic to L. Meanwhile, A and B were found to be genetically linked, with a row-type locus V located between them. The genetic distances of A-V and B-V were estimated to be 9.6 and 7.7 cM, respectively. Literature search suggested that A, H and V may correspond to the reported Lks1, Kap1 and Vrs1, respectively, whereas B is a novel gene specifically controlling awn development on LR, designated as Lsa1 for lateral spikelet awnless 1. The only barley homolog of wheat awn inhibitor gene B1, HORVU2Hr1G077570, is a potential candidate of Lsa1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biguang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. .,Fujian Collegiate Key Laboratory of Applied Plant Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. .,Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
| | - Daiqing Huang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Zonglie Hong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Swithin Omosuwa Owie
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Fujian Collegiate Key Laboratory of Applied Plant Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Weiren Wu
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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Hu X, Zuo J, Wang J, Liu L, Sun G, Li C, Ren X, Sun D. Multi-Locus Genome-Wide Association Studies for 14 Main Agronomic Traits in Barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1683. [PMID: 30524459 PMCID: PMC6257129 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The agronomic traits, including morphological and yield component traits, are important in barley breeding programs. In order to reveal the genetic foundation of agronomic traits of interest, in this study 122 doubled haploid lines from a cross between cultivars "Huaai 11" (six-rowed and dwarf) and "Huadamai 6" (two-rowed) were genotyped by 9680 SNPs and phenotyped 14 agronomic traits in 3 years, and the two datasets were used to conduct multi-locus genome-wide association studies. As a result, 913 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were identified by five multi-locus GWAS methods to be associated with the above 14 traits and their best linear unbiased predictions. Among these QTNs and their adjacent genes, 39 QTNs (or QTN clusters) were repeatedly detected in various environments and methods, and 10 candidate genes were identified from gene annotation. Nineteen QTNs and two genes (sdw1/denso and Vrs1) were previously reported, and eight candidate genes need to be further validated. The Vrs1 gene, controlling the number of rows in the spike, was found to be associated with spikelet number of main spike, spikelet number per plant, grain number per plant, grain number per spike, and 1,000 grain weight in multiple environments and by multi-locus GWAS methods. Therefore, the above results evidenced the feasibility and reliability of genome-wide association studies in doubled haploid population, and the QTNs and their candidate genes detected in this study are useful for marker-assisted selection breeding, gene cloning, and functional identification in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianfang Zuo
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jibin Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lipan Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Genlou Sun
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Chengdao Li
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xifeng Ren
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Xifeng Ren
| | - Dongfa Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dongfa Sun
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