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Gedda V, González-Coloma F, Jeldres A, Rodríguez C, Coulon G, Castro A. Animal-type melanoma/pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma: three clinical cases of a rare and controversial entity. An Bras Dermatol 2023; 98:868-871. [PMID: 37393137 PMCID: PMC10589494 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Gedda
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alejandro Jeldres
- Health Reference Center Peñalolén Cordillera Oriente, Metropolitano Oriente Health Service, Santiago, Chile; Santiago Oriente Hospital Dr. Luis Tisné Brousse, Metropolitano Oriente Health Service, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolyn Rodríguez
- Health Reference Center Peñalolén Cordillera Oriente, Metropolitano Oriente Health Service, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Coulon
- Department of Surgery, Dermatology Service, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alex Castro
- Department of Pathology, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Brănișteanu DE, Porumb-Andrese E, Stărică A, Munteanu AC, Toader MP, Zemba M, Porumb V, Cozmin M, Moraru AD, Nicolescu AC, Brănișteanu DC. Differences and Similarities in Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Cutaneous and Uveal Melanoma. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050943. [PMID: 37241175 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Both cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM) represent important causes of morbidity and mortality. In this review, we evaluate the available knowledge on the differences and similarities between cutaneous melanoma and uveal melanoma, focusing on the epidemiological aspects and risk factors. Uveal melanoma is a rare condition but is the most prevalent primary intra-ocular malignant tumor in adults. Cutaneous melanoma, on the other hand, is significantly more common. While the frequency of cutaneous melanoma has increased in the last decades worldwide, the incidence of uveal melanoma has remained stable. Although both tumors arise from melanocytes, they are very distinct entities biologically, with complex and varied etiologies. Both conditions are encountered more frequently by individuals with a fair phenotype. ultraviolet-radiation is an important, well-documented risk factor for the development of CM, but has shown not to be of specific risk in UM. Although cutaneous and ocular melanomas seem to be inherited independently, there are reported cases of concomitant primary tumors in the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daciana Elena Brănișteanu
- Dermatology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Porumb-Andrese
- Dermatology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Stărică
- Dermatology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Catalina Munteanu
- Dermatology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Mihail Zemba
- Ophthalmology Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Porumb
- Department Surgery, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Cozmin
- Clinical Department, Apollonia University of Iasi, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Dana Moraru
- Ophthalmology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Codruț Nicolescu
- Roma Medical Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, 011773 Bucharest, Romania
- "Agrippa Ionescu" Emergency Clinical Hospital, 011773 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Constantin Brănișteanu
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Ophthalmology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Sadrolashrafi K, Cotter DG. Not Your Mother's Melanoma: Causes and Effects of Early Melanoma Diagnosis. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2022; 9:368-378. [PMID: 36547217 PMCID: PMC9777089 DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology9040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2022 will herald approximately 100,000 new cases of cutaneous melanoma (CM), and over 7000 deaths from CM. Over the past 40 years, CM incidence has increased nearly six-fold; however, annual mortality has remained relatively constant. These trends encapsulate the phenomenon of overdiagnosis. Increased recognition of indolent lesions that appear histologically malignant may be leading to a melanoma epidemic. Enhanced melanoma awareness, screening efforts, physician uncertainty, medical-legal pressures, and diagnostic scrutiny using tools like immunohistochemical staining, mole mapping, dermoscopy, confocal microscopy, and molecular diagnostics contribute to increased CM diagnosis. As a result, current melanoma staging and treatment guidelines are being challenged. Existing standards fail to accurately identify histologically benign lesions that are lethal or, conversely, histologically malignant lesions that are innocuous. Healthcare systems and, more importantly, patients suffer from this diagnostic ambiguity that leads to the over-treatment of innocuous melanomas and under-treatment of aggressive melanomas. As dermatology continues to experience a shift towards earlier diagnosis of melanoma, management strategies must adapt. Herein, we review factors that may contribute to the increased incidence of melanoma, emphasize deficiencies in current staging systems, and provide insights into the future of melanoma management via precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyon Sadrolashrafi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - David Graham Cotter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
- Las Vegas Dermatology, Las Vegas, NV 89144, USA
- Correspondence:
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Recurrence of a Cellular Blue Nevus with Satellitosis-A Diagnostic Pitfall with Clinical Consequences. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2022; 9:361-367. [PMID: 36412623 PMCID: PMC9680327 DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology9040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue nevus is a benign melanocytic lesion, typically asymptomatic and of unknown etiology. Several histologic and clinical variants have been distinguished, the most frequent being common blue nevus, cellular blue nevus, and combined blue nevus. Although melanocytic nevi with a satellite lesion are usually suggestive of locally advanced malignant melanoma, very few cases of blue nevi with satellite lesions have been reported. The diagnosis of common or cellular blue nevi is generally straightforward; however, the presence of structures such as irregular edges or satellitosis are highly suggestive for malignancy, and differential diagnoses such as locally advanced malignant melanoma and malignant blue nevus should be considered. Recurrent blue nevi can display atypical features not seen in the primary lesion, such as pleomorphism and mitotic activity. They usually tend to follow a benign course; however, in some cases, recurrence may indicate malignant transformation. We here report the unique case of a 64-year-old woman with a recurrent cellular blue nevus accompanied by satellite lesions. Such a biological behavior resulting in a clinical presentation as a melanoma-like lesion is a rarity in blue nevus and has not been described before.
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Bhatti DS, Raj DRS, Khan MAA, Ahmad R, Ul Ain N, Smith LJ. Atypical Fibroxanthoma Within a Melanoma: A Case Report. Cureus 2021; 13:e20426. [PMID: 34926098 PMCID: PMC8672424 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The finding of a pigmented lesion within another distinct lesion is rare but not unheard of. Here, we describe the presence of an atypical fibroxanthoma within a melanoma in a 72-year-old female referred to the plastics surgery department with a pigmented lesion on her left knee. It was excised in view of clinical suspicion of melanoma. The histopathology report documented a single lesion with two distinct components, namely a melanoma of superficial spreading type with a Breslow thickness of 3.0mm, and a central nodule of atypical fibroxanthoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dujanah S Bhatti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, GBR
| | | | | | - Raheel Ahmad
- Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, GBR
| | - Nur Ul Ain
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, PAK
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Cazzato G, Colagrande A, Cimmino A, Abbatepaolo C, Bellitti E, Romita P, Lospalluti L, Foti C, Arezzo F, Loizzi V, Lettini T, Sablone S, Resta L, Cormio G, Ingravallo G, Rossi R. GLUT1, GLUT3 Expression and 18FDG-PET/CT in Human Malignant Melanoma: What Relationship Exists? New Insights and Perspectives. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113090. [PMID: 34831313 PMCID: PMC8624914 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive of skin cancers and the 19th most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated age-standardized incidence rate of 2.8-3.1 per 100,000; although there have been clear advances in therapeutic treatment, the prognosis of MM patients with Breslow thickness greater than 1 mm is still quite poor today. The study of how melanoma cells manage to survive and proliferate by consuming glucose has been partially addressed in the literature, but some rather interesting results are starting to be present. METHODS A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and a search of PubMed and Web of Sciences (WoS) databases was performed until 27 September 2021 using the terms: glucose transporter 1 and 3 and GLUT1/3 in combination with each of the following: melanoma, neoplasm and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In total, 46 records were initially identified in the literature search, of which six were duplicates. After screening for eligibility and inclusion criteria, 16 publications were ultimately included. CONCLUSIONS the results discussed regarding the role and expression of GLUT are still far from definitive, but further steps toward understanding and stopping this mechanism have, at least in part, been taken. New studies and new discoveries should lead to further clarification of some aspects since the various mechanisms of glucose uptake by neoplastic cells are not limited to the transporters of the GLUT family alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (E.B.); (T.L.); (L.R.); (G.I.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3405203641
| | - Anna Colagrande
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (E.B.); (T.L.); (L.R.); (G.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Antonietta Cimmino
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (E.B.); (T.L.); (L.R.); (G.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Caterina Abbatepaolo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (E.B.); (T.L.); (L.R.); (G.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Emilio Bellitti
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (E.B.); (T.L.); (L.R.); (G.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Paolo Romita
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.R.); (L.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Lucia Lospalluti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.R.); (L.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Caterina Foti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.R.); (L.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Francesca Arezzo
- Section of Ginecology and Obstetrics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.A.); (V.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Vera Loizzi
- Section of Ginecology and Obstetrics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.A.); (V.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Teresa Lettini
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (E.B.); (T.L.); (L.R.); (G.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Sara Sablone
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Bari Policlinico Hospital, University of Bari, “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Resta
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (E.B.); (T.L.); (L.R.); (G.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Section of Ginecology and Obstetrics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.A.); (V.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (E.B.); (T.L.); (L.R.); (G.I.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (E.B.); (T.L.); (L.R.); (G.I.); (R.R.)
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