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Poli R, Scatolini M, Grosso E, Maletta F, Gallo M, Liscia D, Nelva A, Cesario F, Forte G, Metovic J, Volante M, Arvat E, Papotti M. Malignant struma ovarii: next-generation sequencing of six cases revealed Nras, Braf, and Jak3 mutations. Endocrine 2021; 71:216-224. [PMID: 32743766 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Struma ovarii (SO) is a highly specialized ovarian teratoma, consisting of thyroid tissue. Rarely, carcinomas histologically identical to their thyroid counterparts may occur, and are comprehensively defined as malignant struma ovarii (MSO). Their optimal management is controversial, and the molecular profile of the malignant counterpart in the ovary is incompletely known. In this study, the clinicopathological and molecular features of six MSO from different Italian Institutions were analysed, to explore genetic profiles of potential therapeutic interest. METHODS The histopathological features and immunoprofile (according to the known markers Galectin-3, HBME1, cytokeratin 19 and CD56) were reviewed. In addition, all cases underwent genetic analysis with a next-generation sequencing (NGS) hot spot cancer panel detecting mutations in 50 genes involved in cancerogenesis. RET/PTC rearrangements and TERT promoter alterations were also evaluated. RESULTS Papillary carcinoma in all similar to its thyroid counterpart was found in five of six cases, including classical (two tumors) and follicular variant (three tumors) types. The last case was a poorly differentiated carcinoma. An activating gene mutation, was detected in five of six cases, including two NRAS, two BRAF, and one JAK3 oncogene mutations. No alterations were found in the other panel genes, nor in TERT promoter, or in RET chromosomal regions. CONCLUSIONS MSO is a rare condition. Papillary carcinoma is the predominant malignant type, sharing both histomorphological and molecular features of its thyroid counterpart. Interestingly, the single case of poorly differentiated carcinoma displayed a JAK3 mutation. The presence of such driving mutation could be of potential interest in guiding postoperative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Poli
- Division of Internal Medicine, Ospedale degli Infermi, via dei Ponderanesi 2 Ponderano, 13875, Biella, Italy.
| | - Maria Scatolini
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fondazione "Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta", via dei Ponderanesi 2, Ponderano, 13875, Biella, Italy
| | - Enrico Grosso
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fondazione "Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta", via dei Ponderanesi 2, Ponderano, 13875, Biella, Italy
| | - Francesca Maletta
- Pathology Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Gallo
- Oncological Endocrinology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino Hospital, via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Liscia
- Pathology Unit, Ospedale degli Infermi, via dei Ponderanesi 2 Ponderano, 13875, Biella, Italy
| | - Anna Nelva
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Ospedale degli Infermi, via dei Ponderanesi 2 Ponderano, 13875, Biella, Italy
| | - Flora Cesario
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Pathology Unit, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, via M Coppino 26, 12100, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Jasna Metovic
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Arvat
- Oncological Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
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de Biase D, Fassan M, Malapelle U. Next-Generation Sequencing in Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10110962. [PMID: 33212911 PMCID: PMC7698429 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) allows for the sequencing of multiple genes at a very high depth of coverage [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Molecular Pathology Laboratory, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.d.B.); (M.F.); (U.M.)
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.d.B.); (M.F.); (U.M.)
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.d.B.); (M.F.); (U.M.)
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Wenqian C, Fan W, Hu X. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis during pregnancy. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2780-2790. [PMID: 33113271 PMCID: PMC7714066 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) during pregnancy is usually accompanied by an elevation of thyroid‐stimulating hormone and a reduction of serum‐free thyroxine during gestation, which may lead to abortion, preterm delivery, and reduced intellectual function of the offspring. Epigenetic alterations may provide important insights into genetic–environmental interactions in HT. Here, we examined global DNA methylation patterns in patients with HT during pregnancy. DNA was extracted from 13 women with HT during pregnancy (HTDP) and eight healthy pregnant women as a control group. Genome‐wide methylation was detected with the use of an Illumina Human Methylation 850K Beadchip. A total of 652 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and 27 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between the HTDP and control groups. GO analysis revealed that DMPs were significantly enriched in 540 GO terms, which included regulation of the differentiation of keratinocytes, T helper cell differentiation, and alpha‐beta T‐cell differentiation. Moreover, significant enrichment of KEGG pathways of the DMPs included mucin‐type O‐glycan biosynthesis, focal adhesion, and the insulin signaling pathway. The GO items associated with DMRs included muscle cell proliferation, response to biotic stimulus, anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis, and genes primarily involved in the FoxO signaling pathway. Finally, the DTNA gene was identified as the seed gene of functional epigenetic modules. In summary, the DNA methylation pattern of the HTDP group was distinct from that of the control group, and thus, changes in DNA methylation may influence the development of HT by regulation of the autoimmunity process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Wenqian
- Eugenic Genetics Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenlei Fan
- Internal Medicine DEPT, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xijiang Hu
- Eugenic Genetics Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
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Muzza M. The clonal origin of multifocal papillary thyroid cancer: intrathyroidal spread or independent tumors? Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2020; 46:35-44. [PMID: 33045819 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.20.03302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multifocality is a common finding in papillary thyroid cancer but the molecular pathogenesis, prognosis and management of multifocal papillary thyroid cancer are debated. The clonal origin of multifocal papillary thyroid cancer represents a controversial aspect, as two opposite viewpoints have been proposed: independent origin or intraglandular spread. Different approaches have been used for inferring the clonality of multifocal papillary thyroid cancer, including X-chromosome inactivation, mutational analysis, determination of loss of heterozygosity and, more recently, next-generation sequencing. Next-generation sequencing, able to provide information on genetic heterogeneity and phylogenetic evolution in multifocal tumors, represents the most reliable approach. While most evidences indicated an independent origin of multifocal papillary thyroid cancer, a minority of studies suggested that multifocal papillary thyroid tumors might be monoclonally derived. This discrepancy may reflect technical limitations; nevertheless, studies based on next-generation sequencing indicated that both independent and clonal origins are possible. The co-existence of multiple tumors implies a high degree of genetic heterogeneity, which may influence the best and targeted therapeutic strategy. On the other hand, intrathyroidal dissemination may indicate metastatic potential of the dominant tumor, thereby prompting more aggressive treatments. In conclusion, data available in the literature indicated that multifocal papillary thyroid cancer may derived from both intraglandular spread and independent tumor foci. The understanding of the clonal origin of multifocal papillary thyroid tumors might represent an important issue in patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Muzza
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy -
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the recent developments in considering Hashimoto's thyroiditis as a risk factor for thyroid cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Modern approaches to understanding the co-occurrence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and thyroid cancer have consistently found increased prevalence of both conditions, separately as well as of their coexistence. The inflammatory process in Hashimoto's thyroiditis is understood as a potential risk factor for thyroid cancer development. This has also provided a better understanding of the limitations in the current diagnostic and follow-up armamentarium for both conditions, resulting in international guidelines from the clinical and scientific societies. Other recent developments call for a paradigm shift in guidelines on thyroid carcinomas when lymphocytic infiltration is present, which potentially should always be considered the case at least in areas of sufficient iodine intake. SUMMARY The literature of Hashimoto's thyroiditis as a risk factor for thyroid cancer is reviewed over the last year to highlight new developments in the understanding of their association and future clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
- Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej, Denmark
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