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Rodoplu Solovchuk D. Advances in AI-assisted biochip technology for biomedicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116997. [PMID: 38943990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of biochips with AI opened up new possibilities and is expected to revolutionize smart healthcare tools within the next five years. The combination of miniaturized, multi-functional, rapid, high-throughput sample processing and sensing capabilities of biochips, with the computational data processing and predictive power of AI, allows medical professionals to collect and analyze vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently, leading to more accurate and timely diagnoses and prognostic evaluations. Biochips, as smart healthcare devices, offer continuous monitoring of patient symptoms. Integrated virtual assistants have the potential to send predictive feedback to users and healthcare practitioners, paving the way for personalized and predictive medicine. This review explores the current state-of-the-art biochip technologies including gene-chips, organ-on-a-chips, and neural implants, and the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of AI-assisted biochips in medical practices such as cancer, diabetes, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. Choosing the appropriate AI model for a specific biomedical application, and possible solutions to the current challenges are explored. Surveying advances in machine learning models for biochip functionality, this paper offers a review of biochips for the future of biomedicine, an essential guide for keeping up with trends in healthcare, while inspiring cross-disciplinary collaboration among biomedical engineering, medicine, and machine learning fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Rodoplu Solovchuk
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
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2
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Bakhtiaridoost S, Musuroi C, Volmer M, Florescu M. Optoelectronic microfluidic device for point-of-care blood plasma viscosity measurement. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3305-3314. [PMID: 38869225 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00211c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Physical properties of blood plasma, such as viscosity, serve as crucial indicators of disease. The inherent capillary effect of paper microchannels, coupled with minimal sample requirement, stimulated the advancement of paper-based viscometers. This study presents a precise, non-contact optoelectronic system using a microfluidic platform for the measurement of blood plasma viscosity. Microchannels were defined onto the filter paper using an available and inexpensive wax crayon, without the need for conventional wax printing equipment. The time required for the 5 μL sample to pass a specific distance was measured using two pairs of infrared sensors. Subsequently, this data was sent to the microcontroller, which automatically calculated the viscosity. Throughout the measurements, sample temperature was maintained at a constant 37 °C through an integrated heater with automated control. The microfluidic platform successfully processed real samples, yielding viscosity measurements in under three minutes. Evaluation with fetal bovine serum, spiked with varying protein concentrations in both native and denatured states, demonstrated a precision exceeding 96% compared to conventional Ostwald viscometer readings. For human subjects exhibiting pathologies affecting serum and plasma viscosity compared to physiological norms, strong correlations were observed between resultant values and clinical diagnoses. The proposed device aims to replace expensive and complex optical equipment, offering a safer alternative for measuring plasma viscosity. Unlike similar devices, it eliminates the risk of component deformation due to chemical contact or unsafe irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Bakhtiaridoost
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania.
| | - Cristian Musuroi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania.
| | - Marius Volmer
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania.
| | - Monica Florescu
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania.
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3
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Yang X, Li Y, Lee JZ, Sun Y, Tan X, Liu Y, Yu Y, Li H, Li X. A Highly Sensitive Dual-Drive Microfluidic Device for Multiplexed Detection of Respiratory Virus Antigens. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:685. [PMID: 38930655 PMCID: PMC11206039 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Conventional microfluidic systems that rely on capillary force have a fixed structure and limited sensitivity, which cannot meet the demands of clinical applications. Herein, we propose a dual-drive microfluidic device for sensitive and flexible detection of multiple pathogenic microorganisms antigens/antibodies. The device comprises a portable microfluidic analyzer and a dual-drive microfluidic chip. Along with capillary force, a second active driving force is provided by a removable self-driving valve in the waste chamber. The interval between these two driving forces can be adjusted to control the reaction time in the microchannel, optimizing the formation of antigen-antibody complexes and enhancing sensitivity. Moreover, the material used in the self-driving valve can be changed to adjust the active force strength needed for different tests. The device offers quantitative analysis for respiratory syncytial virus antigen and SARS-CoV-2 antigen using a 35 μL sample, delivering results within 5 min. The detection limits of the system were 1.121 ng/mL and 0.447 ng/mL for respiratory syncytial virus recombinant fusion protein and SARS-CoV-2 recombinant nucleoprotein, respectively. Although the dual-drive microfluidic device has been used for immunoassay for respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2 in this study, it can be easily adapted to other immunoassay applications by changing the critical reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Yixian Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Josh Zixi Lee
- Beijing MicVic Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing 101200, China; (J.Z.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuanmin Sun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Yijie Liu
- Beijing MicVic Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing 101200, China; (J.Z.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Huiqiang Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China; (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (X.T.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.)
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Tavakolidakhrabadi A, Stark M, Bacher U, Legros M, Bessire C. Optimization of Microfluidics for Point-of-Care Blood Sensing. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:266. [PMID: 38920570 PMCID: PMC11201653 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Blood tests are widely used in modern medicine to diagnose certain illnesses and evaluate the overall health of a patient. To enable testing in resource-limited areas, there has been increasing interest in point-of-care (PoC) testing devices. To process blood samples, liquid mixing with active pumps is usually required, making PoC blood testing expensive and bulky. We explored the possibility of processing approximately 2 μL of whole blood for image flow cytometry using capillary structures that allowed test times of a few minutes without active pumps. Capillary pump structures with five different pillar shapes were simulated using Ansys Fluent to determine which resulted in the fastest whole blood uptake. The simulation results showed a strong influence of the capillary pump pillar shape on the chip filling time. Long and thin structures with a high aspect ratio exhibited faster filling times. Microfluidic chips using the simulated pump design with the most efficient blood uptake were fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyethylene oxide (PEO). The chip filling times were tested with 2 μL of both water and whole blood, resulting in uptake times of 24 s for water and 111 s for blood. The simulated blood plasma results deviated from the experimental filling times by about 35% without accounting for any cell-induced effects. By comparing the flow speed induced by different pump pillar geometries, this study offers insights for the design and optimization of passive microfluidic devices for inhomogenous liquids such as whole blood in sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmahdi Tavakolidakhrabadi
- Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Quellgasse 21, 2501 Biel, Switzerland; (A.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Matt Stark
- Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Quellgasse 21, 2501 Biel, Switzerland; (A.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Ulrike Bacher
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (U.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Myriam Legros
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (U.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Cedric Bessire
- Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Quellgasse 21, 2501 Biel, Switzerland; (A.T.); (M.S.)
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Kachkine A, Velásquez-García LF. High-Performance, Low-Cost, Additively Manufactured Electrospray Ion Sources for Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:862-870. [PMID: 38518255 PMCID: PMC11066956 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
We report novel 3D-printed electrospray sources for mass spectrometry (MS) that produce twice the signal strength of their mainstream counterparts. Leveraging 3D printing to fabricate in bulk nano- and microscale-featured electrospray emitters, this work shows a path for scalable integration in clinically relevant diagnostics. This solution improves the device performance by simultaneously tuning the surface hydrophilicity, solvent evaporation, and geometry. The emitters are made of stainless-steel (SS) 316L via binder jetting and coated in a conformal, hydrothermally grown zinc oxide nanowire (ZnONW) forest. The printed emitters are designed as surface mount devices that can be directly soldered to printed circuit boards with built-in digital microfluidics as part of an automated device assembly. The electrospray sources use a novel extractor electrode design that enables operation at ∼24% larger bias voltages compared with conventional MS cylindrical inlets. The 3D-printed electrospray emitters were characterized against their state-of-the-art counterparts (coated blades and paper spray). MS data from the 3D-printed electrospray emitters show detection of therapeutically relevant targets at 1 μg/ml concentrations with a variety of solvents; for nicardipine, such emitters attain 116% higher signal-to-noise ratios and far greater stability than their counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kachkine
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Luis Fernando Velásquez-García
- Microsystems
Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Zhang H, Wang L, Zhang Z, Lin J, Ju F. Cost-Efficient Micro-Well Array-Based Colorimetric Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (MacAST) for Bacteria from Culture or Community. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:1028. [PMID: 38131788 PMCID: PMC10741774 DOI: 10.3390/bios13121028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and cost-efficient antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is key to timely prescription-oriented diagnosis and precision treatment. However, current AST methods have limitations in throughput or cost effectiveness, and are impractical for microbial communities. Here, we developed a high-throughput micro-well array-based colorimetric AST (macAST) system equipped with a self-developed smartphone application that could efficiently test sixteen combinations of bacteria strains and antibiotics, achieving comparable AST results based on resazurin metabolism assay. For community samples, we integrated immunomagnetic separation into the macAST (imacAST) system to specifically enrich the target cells before testing, which shortened bacterial isolation time from days to only 45 min and achieved AST of the target bacteria with a low concentration (~103 CFU/mL). This proof-of-concept study developed a high-throughput AST system with an at least ten-fold reduction in cost compared with a system equipped with a microscope or Raman spectrum. Based on colorimetric readout, the antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacteria from microbial communities can be delivered within 6 h, compared to days being required based on standard procedures, bypassing the need for precise instrumentation in therapy to combat bacterial antibiotic resistance in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Zhang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
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7
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Akh L, Jung D, Frantz W, Bowman C, Neu AC, Ding X. Microfluidic pumps for cell sorting. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:051502. [PMID: 37736018 PMCID: PMC10511263 DOI: 10.1063/5.0161223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic cell sorting has shown promising advantages over traditional bulky cell sorting equipment and has demonstrated wide-reaching applications in biological research and medical diagnostics. The most important characteristics of a microfluidic cell sorter are its throughput, ease of use, and integration of peripheral equipment onto the chip itself. In this review, we discuss the six most common methods for pumping fluid samples in microfluidic cell sorting devices, present their advantages and drawbacks, and discuss notable examples of their use. Syringe pumps are the most commonly used method for fluid actuation in microfluidic devices because they are easily accessible but they are typically too bulky for portable applications, and they may produce unfavorable flow characteristics. Peristaltic pumps, both on- and off-chip, can produce reversible flow but they suffer from pulsatile flow characteristics, which may not be preferable in many scenarios. Gravity-driven pumping, and similarly hydrostatic pumping, require no energy input but generally produce low throughputs. Centrifugal flow is used to sort cells on the basis of size or density but requires a large external rotor to produce centrifugal force. Electroosmotic pumping is appealing because of its compact size but the high voltages required for fluid flow may be incompatible with live cells. Emerging methods with potential for applications in cell sorting are also discussed. In the future, microfluidic cell sorting methods will trend toward highly integrated systems with high throughputs and low sample volume requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Akh
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Diane Jung
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - William Frantz
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Corrin Bowman
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Anika C. Neu
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Raj M K, Priyadarshani J, Karan P, Bandyopadhyay S, Bhattacharya S, Chakraborty S. Bio-inspired microfluidics: A review. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:051503. [PMID: 37781135 PMCID: PMC10539033 DOI: 10.1063/5.0161809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomicrofluidics, a subdomain of microfluidics, has been inspired by several ideas from nature. However, while the basic inspiration for the same may be drawn from the living world, the translation of all relevant essential functionalities to an artificially engineered framework does not remain trivial. Here, we review the recent progress in bio-inspired microfluidic systems via harnessing the integration of experimental and simulation tools delving into the interface of engineering and biology. Development of "on-chip" technologies as well as their multifarious applications is subsequently discussed, accompanying the relevant advancements in materials and fabrication technology. Pointers toward new directions in research, including an amalgamated fusion of data-driven modeling (such as artificial intelligence and machine learning) and physics-based paradigm, to come up with a human physiological replica on a synthetic bio-chip with due accounting of personalized features, are suggested. These are likely to facilitate physiologically replicating disease modeling on an artificially engineered biochip as well as advance drug development and screening in an expedited route with the minimization of animal and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Raj M
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Jyotsana Priyadarshani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section (BMe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Pratyaksh Karan
- Géosciences Rennes Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Saumyadwip Bandyopadhyay
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Soumya Bhattacharya
- Achira Labs Private Limited, 66b, 13th Cross Rd., Dollar Layout, 3–Phase, JP Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka 560078, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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Baltzis D, Tsogas GZ, Zacharis CK, Tzanavaras PD. Smartphone-Based High-Throughput Fluorimetric Assay for Histidine Quantification in Human Urine Using 96-Well Plates. Molecules 2023; 28:6205. [PMID: 37687035 PMCID: PMC10488697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-throughput fluorimetric assay for histidine was developed, using a 96-well plates platform. The analyte reacts selectively with o-phthalaldehyde under mild alkaline conditions to form a stable derivative. Instrumental-free detection was carried out using a smartphone after illumination under UV light (365 nm). The method was proved to be linear up to 100 μM histidine, with an LLOQ (lower limit of quantification) of 10 μM. The assay was only prone to interference from glutathione and histamine that exist in the urine samples at levels that are orders of magnitude lower compared to histidine. Human urine samples were analyzed following minimum treatment and were found to contain histidine in the range of 280 to 1540 μM. The results were in good agreement with an HPLC corroborative method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Baltzis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.B.); (G.Z.T.)
| | - George Z. Tsogas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.B.); (G.Z.T.)
| | - Constantinos K. Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Paraskevas D. Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.B.); (G.Z.T.)
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Aghajanloo B, Ejeian F, Frascella F, Marasso SL, Cocuzza M, Tehrani AF, Nasr Esfahani MH, Inglis DW. Pumpless deterministic lateral displacement separation using a paper capillary wick. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2106-2112. [PMID: 36943724 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is a passive separation method that separates particles by hydrodynamic size. This label-free method is a promising technique for cell separation because of its high size resolution and insensitivity to flow rate. Development of capillary-driven microfluidic technologies allows microfluidic devices to be operated without any external power for fluid pumping, lowering their total cost and complexity. Herein, we develop and test a DLD-based particle and cell sorting method that is driven entirely by capillary pressure. We show microchip self-filling, flow focusing, flow stability, and capture of separated particles. We achieve separation efficiency of 92% for particle-particle separation and more than 99% efficiency for cell-particle separation. The high performance of driven flow and separation along with simplicity of the operation and setup make it a valuable candidate for point-of-care devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Aghajanloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
- DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Simone L Marasso
- DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- CNR-IMEM, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Cocuzza
- DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- CNR-IMEM, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - David W Inglis
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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11
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Kashaninejad N, Nguyen NT. Microfluidic solutions for biofluids handling in on-skin wearable systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:913-937. [PMID: 36628970 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00993e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
On-skin wearable systems for biofluid sampling and biomarker sensing can revolutionize the current practices in healthcare monitoring and personalized medicine. However, there is still a long path toward complete market adoption and acceptance of this fascinating technology. Accordingly, microfluidic science and technology can provide excellent solutions for bridging the gap between basic research and clinical research. The research gap has led to the emerging field of epidermal microfluidics. Moreover, recent advances in the fabrication of highly flexible and stretchable microfluidic systems have revived the concept of micro elastofluidics, which can provide viable solutions for on-skin wearable biofluid handling. In this context, this review highlights the current state-of-the-art platforms in this field and discusses the potential technologies that can be used for on-skin wearable devices. Toward this aim, we first compare various microfluidic platforms that could be used for on-skin wearable devices. These platforms include semiconductor-based, polymer-based, liquid metal-based, paper-based, and textile-based microfluidics. Next, we discuss how these platforms can enhance the stretchability of on-skin wearable biosensors at the device level. Next, potential microfluidic solutions for collecting, transporting, and controlling the biofluids are discussed. The application of finger-powered micropumps as a viable solution for precise and on-demand biofluid pumping is highlighted. Finally, we present the future directions of this field by emphasizing the applications of droplet-based microfluidics, stretchable continuous-flow micro elastofluidics, stretchable superhydrophobic surfaces, liquid beads as a form of digital micro elastofluidics, and topological liquid diodes that received less attention but have enormous potential to be integrated into on-skin wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Kashaninejad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
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12
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Zolti O, Suganthan B, Ramasamy RP. Lab-on-a-Chip Electrochemical Biosensors for Foodborne Pathogen Detection: A Review of Common Standards and Recent Progress. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:215. [PMID: 36831981 PMCID: PMC9954316 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens are an important diagnostic target for the food, beverage, and health care industries due to their prevalence and the adverse effects they can cause to public health, food safety, and the economy. The standards that determine whether a given type of food is fit for consumption are set by governments and must be taken into account when designing a new diagnostic tool such as a biosensor platform. In order to meet these stringent detection limits, cost, and reliability standards, recent research has been focused on developing lab-on-a-chip-based approaches for detection devices that use microfluidic channels and platforms. The microfluidics-based devices are designed, developed, and used in different ways to achieve the established common standards for food pathogen testing that enable high throughput, rapid detection, low sample volume, and minimal pretreatment procedures. Combining microfluidic approaches with electrochemical biosensing could offer affordable, portable, and easy to use devices for food pathogen diagnostics. This review presents an analysis of the established common standards and the recent progress made in electrochemical sensors toward the development of future lab-on-a-chip devices that will aid 'collection-to-detection' using a single method and platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramaraja P. Ramasamy
- Nano Electrochemistry Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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13
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Gurung S, Gucci F, Cairns G, Chianella I, Leighton GJT. Hollow Silica Nano and Micro Spheres with Polystyrene Templating: A Mini-Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8578. [PMID: 36500076 PMCID: PMC9739639 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of monodisperse hollow silica nanospheres, especially using a hard template route, has been shown to be successful, but a high yield is needed for this strategy to be used on an industrial scale. On the other hand, there is a research gap in the synthesis of hollow silica microspheres due to the popularity and easiness of the synthesis of silica nanospheres despite the larger spheres being beneficial in some fields. In this review, current trends in producing hollow silica nanospheres using hard templates, especially polystyrene, are briefly presented. Soft templates have also been used to make highly polydisperse hollow silica spheres, and complex designs have improved polydispersity. The effect of the main parameters on the coating is presented here to provide a basic understanding of the interactions between the silica and template surface in the absence or presence of surfactants. Surface charge, surface modification, parameters in the sol-gel method and interaction between the silica and templates need to be further improved to have a uniform coating and better control over the size, dispersity, wall thickness and porosity. As larger organic templates will have lower surface energy, the efficiency of the micro sphere synthesis needs to be improved. Control over the physical structure of hollow silica spheres will open up many opportunities for them to be extensively used in fields ranging from waste removal to energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Gurung
- Surface Engineering and Precision Centre, Department of Manufacturing and Materials, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Francesco Gucci
- Surface Engineering and Precision Centre, Department of Manufacturing and Materials, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Gareth Cairns
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, UK
| | - Iva Chianella
- Surface Engineering and Precision Centre, Department of Manufacturing and Materials, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
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14
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Donia A, Furqan Shahid M, Hassan SU, Shahid R, Ahmad A, Javed A, Nawaz M, Yaqub T, Bokhari H. Integration of RT-LAMP and Microfluidic Technology for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater as an Advanced Point-of-Care Platform. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2022; 14:364-373. [PMID: 35508752 PMCID: PMC9067896 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-022-09522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Development of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) system based on integration of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and microfluidic technology is expected to speed up SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics allowing early intervention. In the current work, reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and RT-LAMP assays were performed on extracted RNA of seven wastewater samples from COVID-19 hotspots. RT‑LAMP assay was also performed on wastewater samples without RNA extraction. Current detection of SARS-CoV-2 is mainly by RT-qPCR of ORF (ORF1ab) and N genes so we targeted both to find the best target gene for SARS-CoV-2 detection. We also performed RT-LAMP with/without RNA extraction inside microfluidic device to target both genes. Positivity rates of RT-qPCR and RT-LAMP performed on extracted RNA were 100.0% (7/7) and 85.7% (6/7), respectively. RT-qPCR results revealed that all 7 wastewater samples were positive for N gene (Ct range 37-39), and negative for ORF1ab, suggesting that N gene could be the best target gene for SARS-CoV-2 detection. RT-LAMP of N and ORF (ORF1a) genes performed on wastewater samples without RNA extraction indicated that all 7 samples remains pink (negative). The color remains pink in all microchannels except microchannels which subjected to RT-LAMP for targeting N region after RNA extraction (yellow color) in 6 out of 7 samples. This study shows that SARS-CoV-2 was successfully detected from wastewater samples using RT-LAMP in microfluidic chips. This study brings the novelty involving the use of wastewater samples for detection of SARS-CoV-2 without previous virus concentration and with/without RNA extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Donia
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Shahid
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sammer-ul Hassan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ramla Shahid
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Aneela Javed
- Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Yaqub
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Kohsar University Murree, Murree, Pakistan
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15
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Yang T, Luo Z, Bewal T, Li L, Xu Y, Mahdi Jafari S, Lin X. When smartphone enters food safety: A review in on-site analysis for foodborne pathogens using smartphone-assisted biosensors. Food Chem 2022; 394:133534. [PMID: 35752124 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens are one of the supreme threats for the public health around the world in food supply chain. The on-site monitoring is an emerging trend for screening pathogens during the food processing and preserving. Traditional analytical tools have been unable to satisfy the current demands. Smartphones have enormous potentials for achieving on-site detection of foodborne pathogens, with intrinsic advantages such as small size, high accessibility, fast processing speed, and powerful imaging capacity. This review aims to synthesize the current advances in smartphone-assisted biosensors (SABs) for sensing foodborne pathogens, and briefly put forward the problem that consist in the research. We present the role of nanotechnology and recognition modes targeting foodborne pathogens in SABs, and discuss the signal conversion platforms coupling with smartphone. The challenges and perspectives in SABs are also proposed. The smartphone analytics area is moving forward, and it much be subject to careful quality standards and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Tarun Bewal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Xingyu Lin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China.
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16
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Super-hydrophobic microfluidic channels fabricated via xurography-based polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micromolding. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Meffan C, Menges J, Dolamore F, Mak D, Fee C, Dobson RCJ, Nock V. Capillaric field effect transistors. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:33. [PMID: 35371537 PMCID: PMC8934874 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlling fluid flow in capillaric circuits is a key requirement to increase their uptake for assay applications. Capillary action off-valves provide such functionality by pushing an occluding bubble into the channel using a difference in capillary pressure. Previously, we utilized the binary switching mode of this structure to develop a powerful set of fundamental fluidic valving operations. In this work, we study the transistor-like qualities of the off-valve and provide evidence that these structures are in fact functionally complementary to electronic junction field effect transistors. In view of this, we propose the new term capillaric field effect transistor to describe these types of valves. To support this conclusion, we present a theoretical description, experimental characterization, and practical application of analog flow resistance control. In addition, we demonstrate that the valves can also be reopened. We show modulation of the flow resistance from fully open to pinch-off, determine the flow rate-trigger channel volume relationship and demonstrate that the latter can be modeled using Shockley's equation for electronic transistors. Finally, we provide a first example of how the valves can be opened and closed repeatedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Meffan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- Department of Microengineering, Kyoto University, 615-8540 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Julian Menges
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
| | - Fabian Dolamore
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
| | - Daniel Mak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
| | - Conan Fee
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- School of Product Design, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
| | - Renwick C. J. Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140 New Zealand
| | - Volker Nock
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140 New Zealand
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18
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Kang YJ. Assessment of Blood Biophysical Properties Using Pressure Sensing with Micropump and Microfluidic Comparator. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:438. [PMID: 35334730 PMCID: PMC8949505 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
To identify the biophysical properties of blood samples consistently, macroscopic pumps have been used to maintain constant flow rates in a microfluidic comparator. In this study, the bulk-sized and expensive pump is replaced with a cheap and portable micropump. A specific reference fluid (i.e., glycerin solution [40%]) with a small volume of red blood cell (RBC) (i.e., 1% volume fraction) as fluid tracers is supplied into the microfluidic comparator. An averaged velocity () obtained with micro-particle image velocimetry is converted into the flow rate of reference fluid (Qr) (i.e., Qr = CQ × Ac × , Ac: cross-sectional area, CQ = 1.156). Two control variables of the micropump (i.e., frequency: 400 Hz and volt: 150 au) are selected to guarantee a consistent flow rate (i.e., COV < 1%). Simultaneously, the blood sample is supplied into the microfluidic channel under specific flow patterns (i.e., constant, sinusoidal, and periodic on-off fashion). By monitoring the interface in the comparator as well as Qr, three biophysical properties (i.e., viscosity, junction pressure, and pressure-induced work) are obtained using analytical expressions derived with a discrete fluidic circuit model. According to the quantitative comparison results between the present method (i.e., micropump) and the previous method (i.e., syringe pump), the micropump provides consistent results when compared with the syringe pump. Thereafter, representative biophysical properties, including the RBC aggregation, are consistently obtained for specific blood samples prepared with dextran solutions ranging from 0 to 40 mg/mL. In conclusion, the present method could be considered as an effective method for quantifying the physical properties of blood samples, where the reference fluid is supplied with a cheap and portable micropump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jun Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea
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19
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Rabbi F, Dabbagh SR, Angin P, Yetisen AK, Tasoglu S. Deep Learning-Enabled Technologies for Bioimage Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020260. [PMID: 35208385 PMCID: PMC8880650 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning (DL) is a subfield of machine learning (ML), which has recently demonstrated its potency to significantly improve the quantification and classification workflows in biomedical and clinical applications. Among the end applications profoundly benefitting from DL, cellular morphology quantification is one of the pioneers. Here, we first briefly explain fundamental concepts in DL and then we review some of the emerging DL-enabled applications in cell morphology quantification in the fields of embryology, point-of-care ovulation testing, as a predictive tool for fetal heart pregnancy, cancer diagnostics via classification of cancer histology images, autosomal polycystic kidney disease, and chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazle Rabbi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (F.R.); (S.R.D.)
| | - Sajjad Rahmani Dabbagh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (F.R.); (S.R.D.)
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Koc University Is Bank Artificial Intelligence Lab (KUIS AILab), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Pelin Angin
- Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey;
| | - Ali Kemal Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (F.R.); (S.R.D.)
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Koc University Is Bank Artificial Intelligence Lab (KUIS AILab), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Çengelköy, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Correspondence:
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20
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Chen L, Zhou SY, Zhu W, Liu SP, Zhang JX, Zhuang H, Zhang JL, Li YS, Gao F. Highly Sensitive Lanthanide-Doped Nanoparticles-Based Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Human Cardiac Troponin I. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:635-646. [PMID: 35177903 PMCID: PMC8843803 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s346415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of paediatrics, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan-Yong Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ping Liu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Xi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ling Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Sheng Li
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Gao
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Fei Gao; Yongsheng Li, Tel/Fax +86 591-83357896-8242, Email ;
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21
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Gerlero GS, Valdez AR, Urteaga R, Kler PA. Validity of Capillary Imbibition Models in Paper-Based Microfluidic Applications. Transp Porous Media 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-021-01724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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22
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Chu H, Liu C, Liu J, Yang J, Li Y, Zhang X. Recent advances and challenges of biosensing in point-of-care molecular diagnosis. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2021; 348:130708. [PMID: 34511726 PMCID: PMC8424413 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.130708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis, which plays a major role in infectious disease screening with successful understanding of the human genome, has attracted more attention because of the outbreak of COVID-19 recently. Since point-of-care testing (POCT) can expand the application of molecular diagnosis with the benefit of rapid reply, low cost, and working in decentralized environments, many researchers and commercial institutions have dedicated tremendous effort and enthusiasm to POCT-based biosensing for molecular diagnosis. In this review, we firstly summarize the state-of-the-art techniques and the construction of biosensing systems for POC molecular diagnosis. Then, the application scenarios of POCT-based biosensing for molecular diagnosis were also reviewed. Finally, several challenges and perspectives of POC biosensing for molecular diagnosis are discussed. This review is expected to help researchers deepen comprehension and make progresses in POCT-based biosensing field for molecular diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Chu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Jinsen Liu
- Shenzhen ENCO Instrument Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yingchun Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
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23
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Touni A, Liu X, Kang X, Carvalho PA, Diplas S, Both KG, Sotiropoulos S, Chatzitakis A. Galvanic Deposition of Pt Nanoparticles on Black TiO 2 Nanotubes for Hydrogen Evolving Cathodes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4993-5003. [PMID: 34478230 PMCID: PMC9291612 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A galvanic deposition method for the in-situ formation of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) on top and inner surfaces of high-aspect-ratio black TiO2 -nanotube electrodes (bTNTs) for true utilization of their total surface area has been developed. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the deposition of Pt NPs was favored on bTNTs with a preferred [004] orientation and a deposition mechanism occurring via oxygen vacancies, where electrons were localized. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images revealed a graded deposition of Pt NPs with an average diameter of around 2.5 nm along the complete nanotube axis (length/pore diameter of 130 : 1). Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) studies in acidic electrolytes showed comparable results to bulk Pt (per geometric area) and Pt/C commercial catalysts (per mg of Pt). The presented novel HER cathodes of minimal engineering and low noble metal loadings (μg cm-2 range) achieved low Tafel slopes (30-34 mV dec-1 ) and high stability in acidic conditions. This study provides important insights for the in-situ formation and deposition of NPs in high-aspect-ratio structures for energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Touni
- Department of ChemistryAristotle University of Thessaloniki54124ThessalonikiGreece
| | - Xin Liu
- Centre for Materials Science and NanotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OsloGaustadalléen 210349OsloNorway
| | - Xiaolan Kang
- Centre for Materials Science and NanotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OsloGaustadalléen 210349OsloNorway
| | | | - Spyros Diplas
- Centre for Materials Science and NanotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OsloGaustadalléen 210349OsloNorway
- SINTEF IndustryPOB 124 Blindern0314OsloNorway
| | - Kevin G. Both
- Centre for Materials Science and NanotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OsloGaustadalléen 210349OsloNorway
| | | | - Athanasios Chatzitakis
- Centre for Materials Science and NanotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OsloGaustadalléen 210349OsloNorway
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24
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Donia A, Hassan SU, Zhang X, Al-Madboly L, Bokhari H. COVID-19 Crisis Creates Opportunity towards Global Monitoring & Surveillance. Pathogens 2021; 10:256. [PMID: 33668358 PMCID: PMC7996165 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of emerging new diseases as well as re-emerging old diseases is broadening as infectious agents evolve, adapt, and spread at enormous speeds in response to changing ecosystems. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a recent phenomenon and may take a while to understand its transmission routes from less traveled territories, ranging from fomite exposure routes to wastewater transmission. The critical challenge is how to negotiate with such catastrophic pandemics in high-income countries (HICs ~20% of the global population) and low-and middle-income countries (LMICs ~ 80% of the global population) with a total global population size of approximately eight billion, where practical mass testing and tracing is only a remote possibility, particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Keeping in mind the population distribution disparities of high-income countries (HICs) and LMICs and urbanisation trends over recent years, traditional wastewater-based surveillance such as that used to combat polio may help in addressing this challenge. The COVID-19 era differs from any previous pandemics or global health challenges in the sense that there is a great deal of curiosity within the global community to find out everything about this virus, ranging from diagnostics, potential vaccines/therapeutics, and possible routes of transmission. In this regard, the fact that the gut is the common niche for both poliovirus and SARS-CoV-2, and due to the shedding of the virus through faecal material into sewerage systems, the need for long-term wastewater surveillance and developing early warning systems for better preparedness at local and global levels is increasingly apparent. This paper aims to provide an insight into the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, how it can be managed, and what measures are required to deal with a current global international public health concern. Additionally, it shed light on the importance of using wastewater surveillance strategy as an early warning practical tool suitable for massive passive screening, as well as the urgent need for microfluidic technology as a rapid and cost-effective approach tracking SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Donia
- Biosciences Department, Faculty of Science, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan;
| | - Sammer-ul Hassan
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
| | - Xunli Zhang
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
| | - Lamiaa Al-Madboly
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Biosciences Department, Faculty of Science, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan;
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25
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Microfluidic and Microscale Assays to Examine Regenerative Strategies in the Neuro Retina. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11121089. [PMID: 33316971 PMCID: PMC7763644 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineering systems have transformed scientific knowledge of cellular behaviors in the nervous system (NS) and pioneered innovative, regenerative therapies to treat adult neural disorders. Microscale systems with characteristic lengths of single to hundreds of microns have examined the development and specialized behaviors of numerous neuromuscular and neurosensory components of the NS. The visual system is comprised of the eye sensory organ and its connecting pathways to the visual cortex. Significant vision loss arises from dysfunction in the retina, the photosensitive tissue at the eye posterior that achieves phototransduction of light to form images in the brain. Retinal regenerative medicine has embraced microfluidic technologies to manipulate stem-like cells for transplantation therapies, where de/differentiated cells are introduced within adult tissue to replace dysfunctional or damaged neurons. Microfluidic systems coupled with stem cell biology and biomaterials have produced exciting advances to restore vision. The current article reviews contemporary microfluidic technologies and microfluidics-enhanced bioassays, developed to interrogate cellular responses to adult retinal cues. The focus is on applications of microfluidics and microscale assays within mammalian sensory retina, or neuro retina, comprised of five types of retinal neurons (photoreceptors, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, retinal ganglion) and one neuroglia (Müller), but excludes the non-sensory, retinal pigmented epithelium.
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