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Heidegger I, Frantzi M, Salcher S, Tymoszuk P, Martowicz A, Gomez-Gomez E, Blanca A, Lendinez Cano G, Latosinska A, Mischak H, Vlahou A, Langer C, Aigner F, Puhr M, Krogsdam A, Trajanoski Z, Wolf D, Pircher A. Prediction of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer by a Specific Collagen-related Transcriptome, Proteome, and Urinome Signature. Eur Urol Oncol 2024:S2588-9311(24)00144-5. [PMID: 38851995 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE While collagen density has been associated with poor outcomes in various cancers, its role in prostate cancer (PCa) remains elusive. Our aim was to analyze collagen-related transcriptomic, proteomic, and urinome alterations in the context of detection of clinically significant PCa (csPCa, International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grade group ≥2). METHODS Comprehensive analyses for PCa transcriptome (n = 1393), proteome (n = 104), and urinome (n = 923) data sets focused on 55 collagen-related genes. Investigation of the cellular source of collagen-related transcripts via single-cell RNA sequencing was conducted. Statistical evaluations, clustering, and machine learning models were used for data analysis to identify csPCa signatures. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS Differential expression of 30 of 55 collagen-related genes and 34 proteins was confirmed in csPCa in comparison to benign prostate tissue or ISUP 1 cancer. A collagen-high cancer cluster exhibited distinct cellular and molecular characteristics, including fibroblast and endothelial cell infiltration, intense extracellular matrix turnover, and enhanced growth factor and inflammatory signaling. Robust collagen-based machine learning models were established to identify csPCa. The models outcompeted prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and age, showing comparable performance to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in predicting csPCa. Of note, the urinome-based collagen model identified four of five csPCa cases among patients with Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-IRADS) 3 lesions, for which the presence of csPCa is considered equivocal. The retrospective character of the study is a limitation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Collagen-related transcriptome, proteome, and urinome signatures exhibited superior accuracy in detecting csPCa in comparison to PSA and age. The collagen signatures, especially in cases of ambiguous lesions on mpMRI, successfully identified csPCa and could potentially reduce unnecessary biopsies. The urinome-based collagen signature represents a promising liquid biopsy tool that requires prospective evaluation to improve the potential of this collagen-based approach to enhance diagnostic precision in PCa for risk stratification and guiding personalized interventions. PATIENT SUMMARY In our study, collagen-related alterations in tissue, and urine were able to predict the presence of clinically significant prostate cancer at primary diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Heidegger
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Maria Frantzi
- Department of Biomarker Research, Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Salcher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Agnieszka Martowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Enrique Gomez-Gomez
- Urology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana Blanca
- Urology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lendinez Cano
- Urology Department, Biomedical Institute of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Harald Mischak
- Department of Biomarker Research, Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christian Langer
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Friedrich Aigner
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Puhr
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anne Krogsdam
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Ren F, Jin Q, Liu T, Ren X, Zhan Y. Proteome-wide mendelian randomization study implicates therapeutic targets in common cancers. J Transl Med 2023; 21:646. [PMID: 37735436 PMCID: PMC10512580 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interest in targeted cancer therapies has been growing rapidly. While numerous cancer biomarkers and targeted treatment strategies have been developed and employed, there are still significant limitations and challenges in the early diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancers. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to identify novel targets and develop new targeted drugs. METHODS The study was conducted using combined cis-Mendelian randomization (cis-MR) and colocalization analysis. We analyzed data from 732 plasma proteins to identify potential drug targets associated with eight site-specific cancers. These findings were further validated using the UK Biobank dataset. Then, a protein-protein interaction network was also constructed to examine the interplay between the identified proteins and the targets of existing cancer medications. RESULTS This MR analysis revealed associations between five plasma proteins and prostate cancer, five with breast cancer, and three with lung cancer. Subsequently, these proteins were classified into four distinct target groups, with a focus on tier 1 and 2 targets due to their higher potential to become drug targets. Our study indicatied that genetically predicted KDELC2 (OR: 0.89, 95% CI 0.86-0.93) and TNFRSF10B (OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.65-0.83) are inversely associated with prostate cancer. Furthermore, we observed an inverse association between CPNE1 (OR: 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98) and breast cancer, while PDIA3 (OR: 1.19, 95% CI 1.10-1.30) were found to be associated with the risk of breast cancer. In addition, we also propose that SPINT2 (OR: 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.06), GSTP1 (OR: 0.82, 95% CI 0.74-0.90), and CTSS (OR: 0.91, 95% CI 0.88-0.95) may serve as potential therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. Similarly, GDI2 (OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.80-0.91), ISLR2 (OR: 0.87, 95% CI 0.82-0.93), and CTSF (OR: 1.14, 95% CI 1.08-1.21) could potentially be targets for breast cancer. Additionally, we identified SFTPB (OR: 0.93, 95% CI 0.91-0.95), ICAM5 (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.93-0.97), and FLRT3 (OR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.05-1.15) as potential targets for lung cancer. Notably, TNFRSF10B, GSTP1, and PDIA3 were found to interact with the target proteins of current medications used in prostate or breast cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive analysis has highlighted thirteen plasma proteins with potential roles in three site-specific cancers. Continued research in this area may reveal their therapeutic potential, particularly KDELC2, TNFRSF10B, CPNE1, and PDIA3, paving the way for more effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Ren
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qiubai Jin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xuelei Ren
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Vujicic I, Rusevski A, Stankov O, Popov Z, Dimovski A, Davalieva K. Potential Role of Seven Proteomics Tissue Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer in Urine. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123184. [PMID: 36553191 PMCID: PMC9777474 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the currently available tests for the clinical management of prostate cancer (PCa) are still far from providing precise diagnosis and risk stratification, the identification of new molecular marker(s) remains a pertinent clinical need. Candidate PCa biomarkers from the published proteomic comparative studies of prostate tissue (2002-2020) were collected and systematically evaluated. AZGP1, MDH2, FABP5, ENO1, GSTP1, GSTM2, and EZR were chosen for further evaluation in the urine of 85 PCa patients and controls using ELISA. Statistically significant differences in protein levels between PCa and BPH showed FABP5 (p = 0.019) and ENO1 (p = 0.015). A biomarker panel based on the combination of FABP5, ENO1, and PSA provided the highest accuracy (AUC = 0.795) for PCa detection. The combination of FABP5, EZR, AZGP1, and MDH2 showed AUC = 0.889 in PCa prognosis, with 85.29% of the samples correctly classified into low and high Gleason score (GS) groups. The addition of PSA to the panel slightly increased the AUC to 0.914. AZGP1, FABP5, and EZR showed significant correlation with GS, stage, and percentage of positive biopsy cores. Although validation using larger patient cohorts will be necessary to establish the credibility of the proposed biomarker panels in a clinical context, this study opens a way for the further testing of more high-quality proteomics biomarkers, which could ultimately add value to the clinical management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Vujicic
- University Clinic for Urology, University Clinical Centre “Mother Theresa”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Rusevski
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D Efremov”, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Oliver Stankov
- University Clinic for Urology, University Clinical Centre “Mother Theresa”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Zivko Popov
- Clinical Hospital “Acibadem Sistina”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Medical Faculty, University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Dimovski
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D Efremov”, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Katarina Davalieva
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D Efremov”, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Correspondence:
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Proteomic Analysis of Prostate Cancer FFPE Samples Reveals Markers of Disease Progression and Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153765. [PMID: 35954429 PMCID: PMC9367334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed type of cancer in men. The lack of tools for accurate risk assessment is causing over-treatment of men with indolent PCa but also delayed detection of metastatic disease and thus high mortality. The aim of our study was to identify proteins related to the progression and aggressiveness of PCa that could serve as potential biomarkers for better risk stratification. To this end, we performed proteomic analysis of Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) prostate tissue specimens (n = 86) and compared them based on grade groups and biochemical recurrence status. Based on the valuable data generated by these comparisons, we have selected seven proteins (NMP1, UQCRH, HSPA9, MRPL3, VCAN, SERBP1, HSPE1) as common denominators of PCa aggressiveness and persistence that could potentially be used for the development of risk assessment tools. Notably, our observations are largely validated by transcriptomics data and literature. Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men. Diagnosis and risk assessment are widely based on serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) and biopsy, which might not represent the exact degree of PCa risk. Towards the discovery of biomarkers for better patient stratification, we performed proteomic analysis of Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) prostate tissue specimens using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Comparative analysis of 86 PCa samples among grade groups 1–5 identified 301 significantly altered proteins. Additional analysis based on biochemical recurrence (BCR; BCR+ n = 14, BCR- n = 51) revealed 197 significantly altered proteins that indicate disease persistence. Filtering the overlapping proteins of these analyses, seven proteins (NPM1, UQCRH, HSPA9, MRPL3, VCAN, SERBP1, HSPE1) had increased expression in advanced grades and in BCR+/BCR- and may play a critical role in PCa aggressiveness. Notably, all seven proteins were significantly associated with progression in Prostate Cancer Transcriptome Atles (PCTA) and NPM1NPM1, UQCRH, and VCAN were further validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), where they were upregulated in BCR+/BCR-. UQCRH levels were also associated with poorer 5-year survival. Our study provides valuable insights into the key regulators of PCa progression and aggressiveness. The seven selected proteins could be used for the development of risk assessment tools.
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Wei Z, Han D, Zhang C, Wang S, Liu J, Chao F, Song Z, Chen G. Deep Learning-Based Multi-Omics Integration Robustly Predicts Relapse in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:893424. [PMID: 35814412 PMCID: PMC9259796 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.893424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivePost-operative biochemical relapse (BCR) continues to occur in a significant percentage of patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa). Current stratification methods are not adequate to identify high-risk patients. The present study exploits the ability of deep learning (DL) algorithms using the H2O package to combine multi-omics data to resolve this problem.MethodsFive-omics data from 417 PCa patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to construct the DL-based, relapse-sensitive model. Among them, 265 (63.5%) individuals experienced BCR. Five additional independent validation sets were applied to assess its predictive robustness. Bioinformatics analyses of two relapse-associated subgroups were then performed for identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enriched pathway analysis, copy number analysis and immune cell infiltration analysis.ResultsThe DL-based model, with a significant difference (P = 6e-9) between two subgroups and good concordance index (C-index = 0.767), were proven to be robust by external validation. 1530 DEGs including 678 up- and 852 down-regulated genes were identified in the high-risk subgroup S2 compared with the low-risk subgroup S1. Enrichment analyses found five hallmark gene sets were up-regulated while 13 were down-regulated. Then, we found that DNA damage repair pathways were significantly enriched in the S2 subgroup. CNV analysis showed that 30.18% of genes were significantly up-regulated and gene amplification on chromosomes 7 and 8 was significantly elevated in the S2 subgroup. Moreover, enrichment analysis revealed that some DEGs and pathways were associated with immunity. Three tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIIC) groups with a higher proportion in the S2 subgroup (p = 1e-05, p = 8.7e-06, p = 0.00014) and one TIIC group with a higher proportion in the S1 subgroup (P = 1.3e-06) were identified.ConclusionWe developed a novel, robust classification for understanding PCa relapse. This study validated the effectiveness of deep learning technique in prognosis prediction, and the method may benefit patients and prevent relapse by improving early detection and advancing early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wei
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dunsheng Han
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinke Liu
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Chao
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, China
| | - Zhenyu Song
- Ovarian Cancer Program, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Chen, ; Zhenyu Song,
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Chen, ; Zhenyu Song,
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Phase-In to Phase-Out—Targeted, Inclusive Strategies Are Needed to Enable Full Replacement of Animal Use in the European Union. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070863. [PMID: 35405853 PMCID: PMC8997151 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the European Union (and elsewhere), the overall use of animals in laboratories has failed to undergo any significant decline, despite six decades of purported adherence to the “3Rs” principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement. In the EU, the 1986 adoption of a legal requirement to use scientific methods not entailing the use of live animals, rising public opinion against the use of animals and the almost exponential rise in development and application of non-animal new approach methodologies (NAMs) signals a readiness to end animal testing. Indeed, the European Parliament recently carried an almost unanimous vote to adopt an action plan to phase out the use of animals in research and testing. This article explores what is needed to make this action plan a success, considering all stakeholders and their needs. Abstract In September 2021, the European Parliament voted overwhelmingly in favour of a resolution to phase out animal use for research, testing, and education, through the adoption of an action plan. Here we explore the opportunity that the action plan could offer in developing a more holistic outlook for fundamental and biomedical research, which accounts for around 70% of all animal use for scientific purposes in the EU. We specifically focus on biomedical research to consider how mapping scientific advances to patient needs, taking into account the ambitious health policies of the EU, would facilitate the development of non-animal strategies to deliver safe and effective medicines, for example. We consider what is needed to help accelerate the move away from animal use, taking account of all stakeholders and setting ambitious but realistic targets for the total replacement of animals. Importantly, we envisage this as a ‘phase-in’ approach, encouraging the use of human-relevant NAMs, enabling their development and application across research (with applications for toxicology testing). We make recommendations for three pillars of activity, inspired by similar efforts for making the shift to renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions, and point out where investment—both financial and personnel—may be needed.
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Tserga A, Pouloudi D, Saulnier-Blache JS, Stroggilos R, Theochari I, Gakiopoulou H, Mischak H, Zoidakis J, Schanstra JP, Vlahou A, Makridakis M. Proteomic Analysis of Mouse Kidney Tissue Associates Peroxisomal Dysfunction with Early Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020216. [PMID: 35203426 PMCID: PMC8869654 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The absence of efficient inhibitors for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression reflects the gaps in our understanding of DKD molecular pathogenesis. Methods: A comprehensive proteomic analysis was performed on the glomeruli and kidney cortex of diabetic mice with the subsequent validation of findings in human biopsies and omics datasets, aiming to better understand the underlying molecular biology of early DKD development and progression. Results: LC–MS/MS was employed to analyze the kidney proteome of 2 DKD models: Ins2Akita (early and late DKD) and db/db mice (late DKD). The abundance of detected proteins was defined. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the early and late DKD versus the respective controls predicted dysregulation in DKD hallmarks (peroxisomal lipid metabolism and β-oxidation), supporting the functional relevance of the findings. Comparing the observed protein changes in early and late DKD, the consistent upregulation of 21 and downregulation of 18 proteins was detected. Among these were downregulated peroxisomal and upregulated mitochondrial proteins. Tissue sections from 16 DKD patients were analyzed by IHC confirming our results. Conclusion: Our study shows an extensive differential expression of peroxisomal proteins in the early stages of DKD that persists regardless of the disease severity, providing new perspectives and potential markers of diabetic kidney dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggeliki Tserga
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (R.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Despoina Pouloudi
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (I.T.); (H.G.)
| | - Jean Sébastien Saulnier-Blache
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1297, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, 31432 Toulouse, France;
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Rafael Stroggilos
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (R.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Irene Theochari
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (I.T.); (H.G.)
| | - Harikleia Gakiopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (I.T.); (H.G.)
| | | | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (R.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Joost Peter Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1297, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, 31432 Toulouse, France;
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (J.P.S.); (A.V.); (M.M.); Tel.: +33-5-31224078 (J.P.S.); +30-210-6597506 (A.V.); +30-210-6597485 (M.M.)
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (R.S.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.S.); (A.V.); (M.M.); Tel.: +33-5-31224078 (J.P.S.); +30-210-6597506 (A.V.); +30-210-6597485 (M.M.)
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (R.S.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.S.); (A.V.); (M.M.); Tel.: +33-5-31224078 (J.P.S.); +30-210-6597506 (A.V.); +30-210-6597485 (M.M.)
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Yan Y, Yeon SY, Qian C, You S, Yang W. On the Road to Accurate Protein Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis: Current Status and Future Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13537. [PMID: 34948334 PMCID: PMC8703658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among men worldwide. Molecular biomarkers work in conjunction with existing clinicopathologic tools to help physicians decide who to biopsy, re-biopsy, treat, or re-treat. The past decade has witnessed the commercialization of multiple PC protein biomarkers with improved performance, remarkable progress in proteomic technologies for global discovery and targeted validation of novel protein biomarkers from clinical specimens, and the emergence of novel, promising PC protein biomarkers. In this review, we summarize these advances and discuss the challenges and potential solutions for identifying and validating clinically useful protein biomarkers in PC diagnosis and prognosis. The identification of multi-protein biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity, as well as their integration with clinicopathologic parameters, imaging, and other molecular biomarkers, bodes well for optimal personalized management of PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwu Yan
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.Y.); (C.Q.); (S.Y.)
| | - Su Yeon Yeon
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.Y.); (C.Q.); (S.Y.)
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.Y.); (C.Q.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.Y.); (C.Q.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.Y.); (C.Q.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Proteomic Landscape of Prostate Cancer: The View Provided by Quantitative Proteomics, Integrative Analyses, and Protein Interactomes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194829. [PMID: 34638309 PMCID: PMC8507874 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer of men worldwide. While the genetic landscapes and heterogeneity of prostate cancer are relatively well-known already, methodological developments now allow for studying basic and dynamic proteomes on a large scale and in a quantitative fashion. This aids in revealing the functional output of cancer genomes. It has become evident that not all aberrations at the genetic and transcriptional level are translated to the proteome. In addition, the proteomic level contains heterogeneity, which increases as the cancer progresses from primary prostate cancer (PCa) to metastatic and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). While multiple aspects of prostate adenocarcinoma proteomes have been studied, less is known about proteomes of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). In this review, we summarize recent developments in prostate cancer proteomics, concentrating on the proteomic landscapes of clinical prostate cancer, cell line and mouse model proteomes interrogating prostate cancer-relevant signaling and alterations, and key prostate cancer regulator interactomes, such as those of the androgen receptor (AR). Compared to genomic and transcriptomic analyses, the view provided by proteomics brings forward changes in prostate cancer metabolism, post-transcriptional RNA regulation, and post-translational protein regulatory pathways, requiring the full attention of studies in the future.
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Püschel J, Dubrovska A, Gorodetska I. The Multifaceted Role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Prostate Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4703. [PMID: 34572930 PMCID: PMC8472046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the only tumor cells possessing self-renewal and differentiation properties, making them an engine of tumor progression and a source of tumor regrowth after treatment. Conventional therapies eliminate most non-CSCs, while CSCs often remain radiation and drug resistant, leading to tumor relapse and metastases. Thus, targeting CSCs might be a powerful tool to overcome tumor resistance and increase the efficiency of current cancer treatment strategies. The identification and isolation of the CSC population based on its high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH) is widely accepted for prostate cancer (PCa) and many other solid tumors. In PCa, several ALDH genes contribute to the ALDH activity, which can be measured in the enzymatic assay by converting 4, 4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) aminoacetaldehyde (BAAA) into the fluorescent product BODIPY-aminoacetate (BAA). Although each ALDH isoform plays an individual role in PCa biology, their mutual functional interplay also contributes to PCa progression. Thus, ALDH proteins are markers and functional regulators of CSC properties, representing an attractive target for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the current state of research regarding the role of individual ALDH isoforms in PCa development and progression, their possible therapeutic targeting, and provide an outlook for the future advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Püschel
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ielizaveta Gorodetska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
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Special Issue "Diagnostic Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer 2020". Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030505. [PMID: 33809229 PMCID: PMC8001763 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for novel prostate cancer biomarkers is one of the major topics in recent urologic research [...].
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Omics Derived Biomarkers and Novel Drug Targets for Improved Intervention in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090658. [PMID: 32878288 PMCID: PMC7555799 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies, and the fifth leading cause of cancer related mortality in men. For advanced PCa, radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and/or long-term androgen deprivation therapy are the recommended treatment options. However, subsequent progression to metastatic disease after initial therapy results in low 5-year survival rates (29%). Omics technologies enable the acquisition of high-resolution large datasets that can provide insights into molecular mechanisms underlying PCa pathology. For the purpose of this article, a systematic literature search was conducted through the Web of Science Database to critically evaluate recent omics-driven studies that were performed towards: (a) Biomarker development and (b) characterization of novel molecular-based therapeutic targets. The results indicate that multiple omics-based biomarkers with prognostic and predictive value have been validated in the context of PCa, with several of those being also available for commercial use. At the same time, omics-driven potential drug targets have been investigated in pre-clinical settings and even in clinical trials, holding the promise for improved clinical management of advanced PCa, as part of personalized medicine pipelines.
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