Impact of H19 Polymorphisms on Prostate Cancer Clinicopathologic Characteristics

Impact of rs2107425 Polymorphism and Expression of lncH19 and miR-200a on the Susceptibility of Colorectal Cancer

Cancer is the most common leading cause of mortality, making it a critical public health issue worldwide. Environmental and genetic abnormalities play a role in carcinogenesis, characterized by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and abnormal gene expression. Also, non-coding RNA is a hot spot in cancer growth and metastasis. This study aimed to demonstrate the contribution of LncRNA H-19 rs2107425 to colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility and the correlation between miR-200a and LncRNA H-19 in patients with CRC. The current study was conducted on 100 participants, divided into 70 subjects with colorectal cancer and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Patients with CRC experienced a significant elevation in WBC count, platelets, ALT, AST, and CEA. However, hemoglobin and albumin notably declined in patients with CRC compared with those in healthy controls. The expression of LncRNA H-19 and miR-200a increased in patients with CRC with a significant difference compared to healthy controls. Moreover, LncRNA H-19 and miR-200a expression significantly increased in stage III CRC compared to stage II CRC. As compared to carriers with the homozygous CC genotype, the frequency of rs2107425 CT and rs2107425 TT increased in patients with CRC. Our results indicate that the rs2107425 SNP of LncRNA H-19 may serve as a novel susceptibility marker for colorectal cancer. Moreover, miR-200a and LncRNA H-19 are prospective biomarkers of colorectal cancer.

JSCSNCP-LMA: a method for predicting the association of lncRNA-miRNA

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have long been considered the "white elephant" on the genome because they lack the ability to encode proteins. However, in recent years, more and more biological experiments and clinical reports have proved that ncRNAs account for a large proportion in organisms. At the same time, they play a decisive role in the biological processes such as gene expression and cell growth and development. Recently, it has been found that short sequence non-coding RNA(miRNA) and long sequence non-coding RNA(lncRNA) can regulate each other, which plays an important role in various complex human diseases. In this paper, we used a new method (JSCSNCP-LMA) to predict lncRNA-miRNA with unknown associations. This method combined Jaccard similarity algorithm, self-tuning spectral clustering similarity algorithm, cosine similarity algorithm and known lncRNA-miRNA association networks, and used the consistency projection to complete the final prediction. The results showed that the AUC values of JSCSNCP-LMA in fivefold cross validation (fivefold CV) and leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) were 0.9145 and 0.9268, respectively. Compared with other models, we have successfully proved its superiority and good extensibility. Meanwhile, the model also used three different lncRNA-miRNA datasets in the fivefold CV experiment and obtained good results with AUC values of 0.9145, 0.9662 and 0.9505, respectively. Therefore, JSCSNCP-LMA will help to predict the associations between lncRNA and miRNA.

The Role of Perineural Invasion in Prostate Cancer and Its Prognostic Significance

Simple Summary

Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men worldwide. Perineural invasion (PNI), the movement of cancer cells along nerves, is a commonly observed approach to tumor spread and is important in both research and clinical practice of prostate cancer. However, despite many studies reporting on molecules and pathways involved in PNI, understanding its clinical relevance remains insufficient. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of mechanisms and prognostic significance of PNI in prostate cancer, which may provide new perspectives for future studies and improved treatment.

Abstract

Perineural invasion (PNI) is a common indication of tumor metastasis that can be detected in multiple malignancies, including prostate cancer. In the development of PNI, tumor cells closely interact with the nerve components in the tumor microenvironment and create the perineural niche, which provides a supportive surrounding for their survival and invasion and benefits the nerve cells. Various transcription factors, cytokines, chemokines, and their related signaling pathways have been reported to be important in the progress of PNI. Nevertheless, the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of PNI is still very limited. Clinically, PNI is commonly associated with adverse clinicopathological parameters and poor outcomes for prostate cancer patients. However, whether PNI could act as an independent prognostic predictor remains controversial among studies due to inconsistent research aim and endpoint, sample type, statistical methods, and, most importantly, the definition and inclusion criteria. In this review, we provide a summary and comparison of the prognostic significance of PNI in prostate cancer based on existing literature and propose that a more standardized description of PNI would be helpful for a better understanding of its clinical relevance.

Long Non-Coding RNAs at the Chromosomal Risk Loci Identified by Prostate and Breast Cancer GWAS

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key players in a variety of cellular processes. Deregulation of the lncRNAs has been implicated in prostate and breast cancers. Recently, germline genetic variations associated with cancer risk have been correlated with lncRNA expression and/or function. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at well-characterized cancer-associated lncRNAs have been analyzed for their association with cancer risk. These SNPs may occur within the lncRNA transcripts or spanning regions that may alter the structure, function, and expression of these lncRNA molecules and contribute to cancer progression and may have potential as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Additionally, some of these lncRNA have a tissue-specific expression profile, suggesting them as biomarkers for specific cancers. In this review, we highlight some of the cancer risk-associated SNPs that modulated lncRNAs with a potential role in prostate and breast cancers and speculate on how these lncRNAs may contribute to cancer development.

The impact of receptor of advanced glycation end-products polymorphisms on prostate cancer progression and clinicopathological characteristics

The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) overexpression was suggested to be associated with prostate cancer development and poor prognosis. In this study, we focused on the correlations between the clinicopathological characteristics and susceptibility of prostate cancer and RAGE single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In 579 prostate cancer patients, the RAGE SNPs rs1800625, rs1800624, rs2070600 and rs184003 in patients with or without grade group upgrade were analysed with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that the prostate cancer patients who carried the RAGE SNPs rs2070600 'GA' genotypic variants were significantly associated with lower risk to develop grade group upgrade. Moreover, patients with the RAGE rs1800625 'TC + CC' genotypic variants were associated with higher risk of perineural invasion. In 343 prostate cancer patients who carried the RAGE rs1800625 'TC + CC' genotype without grade group upgrade were correlated with higher risk of biochemical recurrence and perineural invasion. In the analysis of TCGA database, significant differences of the RAGE mRNA level were found between the normal controls and prostate cancer patients (p < 0.0001), and the pathologic stage N1 and N0 patients (p = 0.0027). The prostate cancer patients with high RAGE expression were associated with lower overall survival rate (p = 0.025). In conclusion, our results have revealed that the RAGE SNPs rs2070600 and rs1800625 were associated with the grade group upgrade of prostate cancer and clinical status. The RAGE polymorphisms may provide as a pivotal predictor to evaluate prostate cancer disease progression and prognosis.

Associations between LncRNA MALAT1 Polymorphisms and Lymph Node Metastasis in Prostate Cancer

Current evidence elucidates that long noncoding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) could regulate genetic expression and play a crucial role in both the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MALAT1 could alter the oncogenesis in various cancers. However, the associations between MALAT1 SNPs and prostate cancer have barely been investigated to date. This study included 579 patients with prostate cancer who received robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy at Taichung Veterans General Hospital from 2012 to 2017. Three SNPs of MALAT1 were analyzed to identify the impacts of SNPs on the clinicopathologic features in Taiwanese prostate cancer. Our results show that patients with a polymorphic G allele at rs619586 had a significantly higher risk of being in an advanced Gleason grade group (AOR: 1.764; 95% CI: 1.011–3.077; p = 0.046). Moreover, individuals with at least one polymorphic A allele at MALAT1 rs1194338 in the PSA >10 ng/mL group were positively associated with node-positive prostate cancer. In conclusion, MALAT1 SNPs are significantly associated with the susceptibility to both advanced Gleason grade and nodal metastasis in prostate cancer. The presence of MALAT1 SNPs rs619586 and rs1194338 seems to enhance oncogenesis in prostate cancer.

The Relationship between Long Noncoding RNA H19 Polymorphism and the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Phenotypes on the Clinicopathological Characteristics of Lung Adenocarcinoma

The aim of the current study is to investigate potential associations among Long Noncoding RNA (LncRNA) H19 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phenotypes on the clinicopathological characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). Five loci of LncRNA H19 SNPs (rs217727, rs2107425, rs2839698, rs3024270, and rs3741219) were genotyped by using TaqMan allelic discrimination in 223 LADC patients with wild-type EGFR phenotype and 323 LADC individuals with EGFR mutations. After the statistical analyses, patients with the EGFR mutation were related to a higher distribution frequency of rs217727 SNP CT heterozygote (p = 0.030), and the female population with EGFR mutation demonstrated a higher distribution frequency of rs217727 SNP CT heterozygote (p < 0.001) and rs2107425 CT heterozygote (p = 0.002). In addition, the presence of LncRNA H19 SNP rs217727 T allele (CT + TT) in patients with EGFR wild-type was associated to higher tumor T status (stage III or IV, p = 0.037) and poorer cell differentiation status (poor differentiation, p = 0.012) compared to those EGFR wild-type individuals with LncRNA H19 SNP rs217727 CC allele. Besides, a prominently higher tumor T status was found in subjects with LncRNA H19 SNP rs2107425 T allele (CT + TT) (stage III or IV, p = 0.007) compared to EGFR wild-type LADC individuals with LncRNA CC allele in EGFR wild-type patients. Our findings suggest that the presence of LncRNA H19 SNP rs217727 is related to the EGFR mutation in LADC patients, and the LncRNA H19 SNP rs217727 and rs2107425 are associated with progressed tumor status for LADC patients with EGFR wild-type.