1
|
Barbosa JMG, Filho NRA. The human volatilome meets cancer diagnostics: past, present, and future of noninvasive applications. Metabolomics 2024; 20:113. [PMID: 39375265 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a significant public health problem, causing dozens of millions of deaths annually. New cancer screening programs are urgently needed for early cancer detection, as this approach can improve treatment outcomes and increase patient survival. The search for affordable, noninvasive, and highly accurate cancer detection methods revealed a valuable source of tumor-derived metabolites in the human metabolome through the exploration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in noninvasive biofluids. AIM OF REVIEW This review discusses volatilomics-based approaches for cancer detection using noninvasive biomatrices (breath, saliva, skin secretions, urine, feces, and earwax). We presented the historical background, the latest approaches, and the required stages for clinical validation of volatilomics-based methods, which are still lacking in terms of making noninvasive methods available and widespread to the population. Furthermore, insights into the usefulness and challenges of volatilomics in clinical implementation steps for each biofluid are highlighted. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW We outline the methodologies for using noninvasive biomatrices with up-and-coming clinical applications in cancer diagnostics. Several challenges and advantages associated with the use of each biomatrix are discussed, aiming at encouraging the scientific community to strengthen efforts toward the necessary steps to speed up the clinical translation of volatile-based cancer detection methods, as well as discussing in favor of (i) hybrid applications (i.e., using more than one biomatrix) to describe metabolite modulations that can be "cancer volatile fingerprints" and (ii) in multi-omics approaches integrating genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics into the volatilomic data, which might be a breakthrough for diagnostic purposes, onco-pathway assessment, and biomarker validations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos G Barbosa
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração E Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Nelson R Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração E Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barbosa JMG, Shokry E, Caetano David L, Pereira NZ, da Silva AR, de Oliveira VF, Fioravanti MCS, da Cunha PHJ, de Oliveira AE, Antoniosi Filho NR. Cancer evaluation in dogs using cerumen as a source for volatile biomarker prospection. Mol Omics 2024; 20:27-36. [PMID: 37751172 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00147d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in humans and dogs. Nevertheless, most tumor types spread faster in canines, and early cancer detection methods are necessary to enhance animal survival. Here, cerumen (earwax) was tested as a source of potential biomarkers for cancer evaluation in dogs. Earwax samples from dogs were collected from tumor-bearing and clinically healthy dogs, followed by Headspace/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS/GC-MS) analyses and multivariate statistical workflow. An evolutionary-based multivariate algorithm selected 18 out of 128 volatile metabolites as a potential cancer biomarker panel in dogs. The candidate biomarkers showed a full discrimination pattern between tumor-bearing dogs and cancer-free canines with high accuracy in the test dataset: an accuracy of 95.0% (75.1-99.9), and sensitivity and specificity of 100.0% and 92.9%, respectively. In summary, this work raises a new perspective on cancer diagnosis in dogs, being carried out painlessly and non-invasive, facilitating sample collection and periodic application in a veterinary routine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos G Barbosa
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Engy Shokry
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Lurian Caetano David
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Naiara Z Pereira
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Adriana R da Silva
- Hospital Veterinário - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da UFG, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8 Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Vilma F de Oliveira
- Hospital Veterinário - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da UFG, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8 Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Maria Clorinda S Fioravanti
- Hospital Veterinário - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da UFG, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8 Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Jorge da Cunha
- Hospital Veterinário - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da UFG, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8 Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Anselmo E de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Nelson Roberto Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|