1
|
Larrinaga G, Valdivia A, Arrieta-Aguirre I, Solano-Iturri JD, Ugalde-Olano A, Loizaga-Iriarte A, Santos-Martín A, Pérez-Fernández A, Angulo JC, López JI. The Expression of Alamandine Receptor MrgD in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Is Associated with a Worse Prognosis and Unfavorable Response to Antiangiogenic Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1499. [PMID: 38338778 PMCID: PMC10855800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) ranks among the most prevalent malignancies in Western countries, marked by its notable heterogeneity, which contributes to an unpredictable clinical trajectory. The insufficiency of dependable biomarkers adds complexity to assessing this tumor progression. Imbalances of several components of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (iRAS) significantly impact patient prognoses and responses to first-line immunotherapies. In this study, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor D (MrgD), which recognizes the novel RAS peptide alamandine (ALA), in a series of 87 clear cell renal cell (CCRCCs), 19 papillary (PRCC), 7 chromophobe (ChRCC) renal cell carcinomas, and 11 renal oncocytomas (RO). MrgD was expressed in all the renal tumor subtypes, with a higher mean staining intensity in the PRCCs, ChRCCs, and ROs. A high expression of MrgD at the tumor center and at the infiltrative front of CCRCC tissues was significantly associated with a high histological grade, large tumor diameter, local invasion, and locoregional node and distant metastasis. Patients with worse 5-year cancer-specific survival and a poorer response to antiangiogenic tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) showed higher MrgD expression at the center of their primary tumors. These findings suggest a possible role of MrgD in renal carcinogenetic processes. Further studies are necessary to unveil its potential as a novel biomarker for CCRCC prognosis and response to frontline therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Larrinaga
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (A.U.-O.); (A.L.-I.); (A.S.-M.); (A.P.-F.); (J.I.L.)
| | - Asier Valdivia
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Inés Arrieta-Aguirre
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Jon Danel Solano-Iturri
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (A.U.-O.); (A.L.-I.); (A.S.-M.); (A.P.-F.); (J.I.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Aitziber Ugalde-Olano
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (A.U.-O.); (A.L.-I.); (A.S.-M.); (A.P.-F.); (J.I.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Basurto University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ana Loizaga-Iriarte
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (A.U.-O.); (A.L.-I.); (A.S.-M.); (A.P.-F.); (J.I.L.)
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aida Santos-Martín
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (A.U.-O.); (A.L.-I.); (A.S.-M.); (A.P.-F.); (J.I.L.)
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Amparo Pérez-Fernández
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (A.U.-O.); (A.L.-I.); (A.S.-M.); (A.P.-F.); (J.I.L.)
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier C. Angulo
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28905 Getafe, Spain;
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Getafe, 28907 Madrid, Spain
| | - José I. López
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (A.U.-O.); (A.L.-I.); (A.S.-M.); (A.P.-F.); (J.I.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aliakbarian M, Ferns GA, Shabestari MM, Ahmadzadeh AM, Abdollahzade A, Rahimi H, Khodashahi R, Arjmand MH. Elucidating the Role of Pro-renin Receptors in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression: A Novel Therapeutic Target in Cancer Therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:881-889. [PMID: 38279719 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096279288231205105904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a very poor prognosis. The 5- year survival in these patients is very low, and most patients develop drug resistance to current therapies, so additional studies are needed to identify the potential role of new drug targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Recent investigations have been performed regarding the roles of pro-renin receptors (PRR) in the initiation and development of cancers. PRR is a component of the local renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Local tissue RAS has been known in diverse organ systems, including the pancreas. Various investigations have implicated that PRRs are associated with the upregulation of various signaling pathways, like the renin-angiotensin system pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and the Wnt-signaling pathways, to contribute to pathological conditions, including cancer. In this review, we presented an overview of the role of PRR in the progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Aliakbarian
- Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Medical, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzadeh
- Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Radiology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Aref Abdollahzade
- Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Rahimi
- Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rozita Khodashahi
- Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hassan Arjmand
- Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Funke-Kaiser H, Unger T. The (Pro)renin Receptor - A Regulatory Nodal Point in Disease Networks. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1093-1098. [PMID: 37885110 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501250617231016052930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Experimental inhibition of the (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] is a promising therapeutic strategy in different disease models ranging from cardiorenal to oncological entities. Here, we briefly review the direct protein-protein interaction partners of the (P)RR and the plethora of distinct diseases in which the (P)RR is involved. The first structural work on the (P)RR using AlphaFold, which was recently published by Ebihara et al., is the center of this mini-review since it can mechanistically link the protein-protein interaction level with the pathophysiological level. More detailed insights into the 3D structure of the (P)RR and its interaction domains might guide drug discovery on this novel target. Finally, antibody- and small molecule-based approaches to inhibit the (P)RR are shortly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Unger
- CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ouyang X, Xu C. Targeting the (pro)renin receptor in cancers: from signaling to pathophysiological effects. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2595-2605. [PMID: 36153775 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health problem, currently affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide, and its clinical results are unpredictable, partly due to the lack of reliable biomarkers of cancer progression. Recently, it has been reported that (pro)renin receptor (PRR), as a new biomarker, plays an important role in different types of cancer, such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer, glioma, aldosterone-producing adenoma, endometrial cancer, urothelial cancer, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In order to comprehensively and systematically understand the relationship and role of PRR with various cancers, this review will summarize the current research on targeting PRR in cancer from signaling to pathophysiological effects, including the correlation between PRR/sPRR expression level and different cancers, potential mechanisms regulated by PRR in the progress of cancers, and PRR in cancer treatment. PRR can be a novel and promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in cancer, which is worthy of extensive development and application in clinics.
Collapse
|
5
|
Larrinaga G, Calvete-Candenas J, Solano-Iturri JD, Martín AM, Pueyo A, Nunes-Xavier CE, Pulido R, Dorado JF, López JI, Angulo JC. (Pro)renin Receptor Is a Novel Independent Prognostic Marker in Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225642. [PMID: 34830803 PMCID: PMC8616163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This is a novel description of (Pro)renin receptor (PRR) protein and its prognostic role in invasive urothelial cancer of the bladder. Using a tissue microarray, we investigated PRR expression and other immunohistochemical markers including p53, immune-checkpoint inhibition, and basal and luminal phenotypes in a series of patients with invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder treated with radical cystectomy. PRR expression is an independent prognostic marker and could be a potential target in urothelial carcinoma that should be further investigated. Abstract (Pro)renin receptor (PRR) is being investigated in several malignancies as it activates pathogenic pathways that contribute to cell proliferation, immunosuppressive microenvironments, and acquisition of aggressive neoplastic phenotypes. Its implication in urothelial cancer (UC) has not been evaluated so far. We retrospectively evaluate the prognostic role of PRR expression in a series of patients with invasive UC treated with radical cystectomy and other clinical and histopathological parameters including p53, markers of immune-checkpoint inhibition, and basal and luminal phenotypes evaluated by tissue microarray. Cox regression analyses using stepwise selection evaluated candidate prognostic factors and disease-specific survival. PRR was expressed in 77.3% of the primary tumors and in 70% of positive lymph nodes. PRR expression correlated with age (p = 0.006) and was associated with lower preoperatively hemoglobin levels. No other statistical association was evidenced with clinical and pathological variables (gender, ASA score, Charlson comorbidity index, grade, pT, pN) or immunohistochemical expressions evaluated (CK20, GA-TA3, CK5/6, CD44, PD-L1, PD-1, B7-H3, VISTA, and p53). PRR expression in primary tumors was associated with worse survival (log-rank, p = 0.008). Cox regression revealed that PRR expression (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.22–2.8), pT (HR 7.02, 95% CI 2.68–18.39), pN (HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.27–4.19), and p53 expression (HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.1–3.45) were independent prognostic factors in this series. In conclusion, we describe PRR protein and its prognostic role in invasive UC for the first time. Likely mechanisms involved are MAPK/ERK activation, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and v-ATPAse function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Larrinaga
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (C.E.N.-X.); (R.P.); (J.I.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Jon Danel Solano-Iturri
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (C.E.N.-X.); (R.P.); (J.I.L.)
- Service of Pathology, Donostia University Hospital, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ana M. Martín
- Service of Pathology, University Hospital of Getafe, 28905 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Angel Pueyo
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation of University Hospitals Infanta Leonor and South-East, 28003 Madrid, Spain;
- Heath Science PhD Program, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe de Maciascoque, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Caroline E. Nunes-Xavier
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (C.E.N.-X.); (R.P.); (J.I.L.)
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (C.E.N.-X.); (R.P.); (J.I.L.)
- Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - José I. López
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (J.D.S.-I.); (C.E.N.-X.); (R.P.); (J.I.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Javier C. Angulo
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28005 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Getafe, 28907 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cui Y, Chen F, Gao J, Lei M, Wang D, Jin X, Guo Y, Shan L, Chen X. Comprehensive landscape of the renin-angiotensin system in Pan-cancer: a potential downstream mediated mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3795-3817. [PMID: 34671200 PMCID: PMC8495399 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.53312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, utilizes the mechanism of binding to ACE2 (a crucial component of the renin-angiotensin system [RAS]), subsequently mediating a secondary imbalance of the RAS family and leading to severe injury to the host. However, very few studies have been conducted to reveal the mechanism behind the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on tumors. Methods: Demographic data extracted from 33 cancer types and over 10,000 samples were employed to determine the comprehensive landscape of the RAS. Expression distribution, pretranscriptional and posttranscriptional regulation and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) as well as genomic alterations, DNA methylation and m6A modification were analyzed in both tissue and cell lines. The clinical phenotype, prognostic value and significance of the RAS during immune infiltration were identified. Results: Low expression of AGTR1 was common in tumors compared to normal tissues, while very low expression of AGTR2 and MAS1 was detected in both tissues and cell lines. Differential expression patterns of ACE in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV) and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) were correlated with ubiquitin modification involving E3 ligases. Genomic alterations of the RAS family were infrequent across TCGA pan-cancer program, and ACE had the highest alteration frequency compared with other members. Low expression of AGTR1 may result from hypermethylation in the promoter. Downregulation of RAS family was linked to higher clinical stage and worse survival (as measured by disease-specific survival [DSS], overall survival [OS] or progression-free interval [PFI]), especially for ACE2 and AGTR1 in KIRC. ACE-AGTR1, a classical axis of the RAS family related to immune infiltration, was positively correlated with M2-type macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune checkpoint genes in most cancers. Conclusion: ACE, ACE2, AGT and AGTR1 were differentially expressed in 33 types of cancers. PTM of RAS family was found to rely on ubiquitination. ACE2 and AGTR1 might serve as independent prognostic factors for LGG and KIRC. SARS-CoV-2 might modify the tumor microenvironment by regulating the RAS family, thus affecting the biological processes of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cui
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Fengzhi Chen
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiayi Gao
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mengxia Lei
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaoying Jin
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan Guo
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Liying Shan
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xuesong Chen
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| |
Collapse
|