1
|
Wang K, Xu Q, Xia L, Sun J, Shen K, Liu H, Xu L, Li R. Gallbladder polypoid lesions: Current practices and future prospects. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1674-1683. [PMID: 38420780 PMCID: PMC11268823 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Gallbladder polypoid lesions (GPLs) refer to any elevated lesion of the mucosal surface of the gallbladder wall, and the prevalence is estimated to be between 0.9% and 12.1%. GPLs include benign polyps and malignant polyps. Benign polyps are further classified as non-neoplastic polyps and neoplastic polyps. Cholesterol polyps are the most common benign polyps and adenocarcinoma is the main type of malignant polyp. Hepatitis B virus infection, liver function abnormalities, dyslipidemia, and obesity are the main risk factors for GPLs. Studies of biological mechanisms have focused on malignant gallbladder polyps, the development of which is regulated by hormone levels in vivo , gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress, Salmonella typhimurium , and related molecules. Diagnostic modalities include chemical examination and imaging examination, with imaging examination currently being the mainstay. Treatment of patients with GPLs is based on the presence or absence of symptoms, age, size of the polyps, tendency of the polyp to increase, and risk factors for symptomatic malignancy to determine whether surgery should be performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215026, China
| | - Qingpeng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215026, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215026, China
| | - Jianing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215026, China
| | - Kanger Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215026, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215026, China
| | - Linning Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215026, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215026, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Okasha HH, Gadour E, Atalla H, AbdEl-Hameed OA, Ezzat R, Alzamzamy AE, Ghoneem E, Matar RA, Hassan Z, Miutescu B, Qawasmi A, Pawlak KM, Elmeligui A. Practical approach to linear endoscopic ultrasound examination of the gallbladder. World J Radiol 2024; 16:184-195. [PMID: 38983839 PMCID: PMC11229944 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v16.i6.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The gallbladder (GB) is a susceptible organ, prone to various pathologies that can be identified using different imaging techniques. Transabdominal ultrasound (TUS) is typically the initial diagnostic method due to its numerous well-established advantages. However, in cases of uncertainty or when a definitive diagnosis cannot be established, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging may be employed to provide more detailed information. Nevertheless, CT scans may sometimes offer inadequate spatial resolution, which can limit the differentiation of GB lesions, particularly when smaller yet clinically relevant abnormalities are involved. Conversely, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) provides higher frequency compared to TUS, superior spatial resolution, and the option for contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging, enabling a more comprehensive examination. Thus, EUS can serve as a supplementary tool when conventional imaging methods are insufficient. This review will describe the standard EUS examination of the GB, focusing on its endosonographic characteristics in various GB pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Hassan Okasha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasr Al-Aini School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Eyad Gadour
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, King Abdulaziz Hospital-National Guard, Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Zamzam University College, Khartoum 11113, Sudan
| | - Hassan Atalla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Omar AbdAllah AbdEl-Hameed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Reem Ezzat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsayed Alzamzamy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Heptology, Maadi Armed Forces Medical Complex, Military Medical Academy, Cairo 11728, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Ghoneem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Rasha Ahmad Matar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Advance Endoscopy, Sultant Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre, Muscat 0961, Oman
| | - Zeinab Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stockport Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester SK2 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Bogdan Miutescu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
- Advanced Regional Research Centre in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 30041, Romania
| | - Ayman Qawasmi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Al-Makassed Islamic Charitable Society Hospital, Cairo 11124, Egypt
| | - Katarzyna M Pawlak
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Ahmed Elmeligui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southend University Hospital, Essex SS2 6XT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pavlidis ET, Galanis IN, Pavlidis TE. Current considerations for the surgical management of gallbladder adenomas. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:1507-1512. [PMID: 38983335 PMCID: PMC11229988 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i6.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder adenomas are rare lesions (0.5%) associated with potential malignant transformation, particularly with gallbladder adenomas that are ≥ 1 cm in size. Early detection and management are crucial for preventing lethal carcinoma development. These polyps can often be distinguished from the more often nonneoplastic cholesterol pseudopolyps (5%-10%), which are benign. Ultrasonography is the first-line tool for initial diagnosis and follow-up when indicated. The question is whether cholecystectomy is always necessary for all adenomas. The management of gallbladder adenomas is determined according to the size of the tumor, the growth rate of the tumor, the patient's symptoms and whether risk factors for malignancy are present. Adenomas ≥ 1 cm in size, an age > 50 years and a familial history of gallbladder carcinoma are indications for immediate laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Otherwise, ultrasound follow-up is indicated. For adenomas 6-9 mm in size, the absence of ≥ 2 mm growth at 6 months, one year, and two years, as well as an adenoma sized < 5 mm without existing risk factors indicates that no further surveillance is required. However, it would be preferable to individualize the management in doubtful cases. Novel interventional modalities for preserving the gallbladder need further evaluation, especially to determine the long-term outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios T Pavlidis
- The Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Ioannis N Galanis
- The Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Theodoros E Pavlidis
- The Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Takahashi K, Ozawa E, Shimakura A, Mori T, Miyaaki H, Nakao K. Recent Advances in Endoscopic Ultrasound for Gallbladder Disease Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:374. [PMID: 38396413 PMCID: PMC10887964 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder (GB) disease is classified into two broad categories: GB wall-thickening and protuberant lesions, which include various lesions, such as adenomyomatosis, cholecystitis, GB polyps, and GB carcinoma. This review summarizes recent advances in the differential diagnosis of GB lesions, focusing primarily on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and related technologies. Fundamental B-mode EUS and contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS (CH-EUS) have been reported to be useful for the diagnosis of GB diseases because they can evaluate the thickening of the GB wall and protuberant lesions in detail. We also outline the current status of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for GB lesions, as there have been scattered reports on EUS-FNA in recent years. Furthermore, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, ranging from machine learning to deep learning, have become popular in healthcare for disease diagnosis, drug discovery, drug development, and patient risk identification. In this review, we outline the current status of AI in the diagnosis of GB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (E.O.); (T.M.); (H.M.); (K.N.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahmad A, Tiwari RK, Siddiqui S, Chadha M, Shukla R, Srivastava V. Emerging trends in gastrointestinal cancers: Targeting developmental pathways in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:41-99. [PMID: 38663962 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal carcinomas are a group of cancers associated with the digestive system and its accessory organs. The most prevalent cancers related to the gastrointestinal tract are colorectal, gall bladder, gastric, hepatocellular, and esophageal cancers, respectively. Molecular aberrations in different signaling pathways, such as signal transduction systems or developmental pathways are the chief triggering mechanisms in different cancers Though a massive advancement in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions results in improved survival of patients with gastrointestinal cancer; the lower malignancy stages of these carcinomas are comparatively asymptomatic. Various gastrointestinal-related cancers are detected at advanced stages, leading to deplorable prognoses and increased rates of recurrence. Recent molecular studies have elucidated the imperative roles of several signaling pathways, namely Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch signaling pathways, play in the progression, therapeutic responsiveness, and metastasis of gastrointestinal-related cancers. This book chapter gives an interesting update on recent findings on the involvement of developmental signaling pathways their mechanistic insight in gastrointestinalcancer. Subsequently, evidences supporting the exploration of gastrointestinal cancer related molecular mechanisms have also been discussed for developing novel therapeutic strategies against these debilitating carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afza Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Clinical Research, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saleha Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Muskan Chadha
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratnakar Shukla
- Department of Clinical Research, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sharda School of Basic Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo X, Fan Q, Guo Y, Li X, Hu J, Wang Z, Wang J, Li K, Zhang N, Amin B, Zhu B. Clinical study on the necessity and feasibility of routine MRCP in patients with cholecystolithiasis before LC. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:28. [PMID: 38195417 PMCID: PMC10777623 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-03117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past quite a long time, intraoperative cholangiography(IOC)was necessary during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Now magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the main method for diagnosing common bile duct stones (CBDS). Whether MRCP can replace IOC as routine examination before LC is still inconclusive. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical data of patients undergoing LC for cholecystolithiasis, and to explore the necessity and feasibility of preoperative routine MRCP in patients with cholecystolithiasis. METHODS According to whether MRCP was performed before operation, 184 patients undergoing LC for cholecystolithiasis in the Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018 were divided into non-MRCP group and MRCP group for this retrospective study. The results of preoperative laboratory test, abdominal ultrasound and MRCP, biliary related comorbidities, surgical complications, hospital stay and hospitalization expenses were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Among the 184 patients, there were 83 patients in non-MRCP group and 101 patients in MRCP group. In MRCP group, the detection rates of cholecystolithiasis combined with CBDS and common bile duct dilatation by MRCP were higher than those by abdominal ultrasound (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in non-MRCP group (8.43%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that in MRCP group (0%). There was no significant difference in hospital stay (P > 0.05), but there was significant difference in hospitalization expenses (P < 0.05) between the two groups. According to the stratification of gallbladder stone patients with CBDS, hospital stay and hospitalization expenses were compared, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The preoperative MRCP can detect CBDS, cystic duct stones and anatomical variants of biliary tract that cannot be diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound, which is helpful to plan the surgical methods and reduce the surgical complications. From the perspective of health economics, routine MRCP in patients with cholecystolithiasis before LC does not increase hospitalization costs, and is necessary and feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tieyi Road 10th, Yangfangdian Street, Haidian District, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tieyi Road 10th, Yangfangdian Street, Haidian District, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Yiman Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Wusi East Road 180th, Lianchi District, Hebei Province, 071000, Baoding City, China
| | - Xinming Li
- Department of Urology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Sanqing Road 501th, Ying Zhou District, 236012, Fuyang City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jili Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, 450052, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhuoyin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tieyi Road 10th, Yangfangdian Street, Haidian District, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tieyi Road 10th, Yangfangdian Street, Haidian District, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tieyi Road 10th, Yangfangdian Street, Haidian District, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Nengwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tieyi Road 10th, Yangfangdian Street, Haidian District, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Buhe Amin
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tieyi Road 10th, Yangfangdian Street, Haidian District, 100038, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tieyi Road 10th, Yangfangdian Street, Haidian District, 100038, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Toyonaga H, Hayashi T, Kin T, Motoya M, Takahashi K, Katanuma A. Novel low echo reduction function reduces artifacts in endoscopic ultrasound observation of the gallbladder. Endoscopy 2023; 55:E529-E531. [PMID: 36894153 PMCID: PMC9998231 DOI: 10.1055/a-2037-5802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Toyonaga
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hayashi
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Kin
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masayo Motoya
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Akio Katanuma
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Choi JH, Lee J, Lee SH, Lee S, Moon AS, Cho SH, Kim JS, Cho IR, Paik WH, Ryu JK, Kim YT. Analysis of ultrasonographic images using a deep learning-based model as ancillary diagnostic tool for diagnosing gallbladder polyps. Dig Liver Dis 2023; 55:1705-1711. [PMID: 37407319 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurately diagnosing gallbladder polyps (GBPs) is important to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment. AIMS To evaluate the efficacy of a deep learning model and the accuracy of a computer-aided diagnosis by physicians for diagnosing GBPs. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2006 to September 2021, and 3,754 images from 263 patients were analyzed. The outcome of this study was the efficacy of the developed deep learning model in discriminating neoplastic GBPs (NGBPs) from non-NGBPs and to evaluate the accuracy of a computer-aided diagnosis with that made by physicians. RESULTS The efficacy of discriminating NGBPs from non- NGBPs using deep learning was 0.944 (accuracy, 0.858; sensitivity, 0.856; specificity, 0.861). The accuracy of an unassisted diagnosis of GBP was 0.634, and that of a computer-aided diagnosis was 0.785 (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in the accuracy of a computer-aided diagnosis between experienced (0.835) and inexperienced (0.772) physicians (p = 0.251). A computer-aided diagnosis significantly assisted inexperienced physicians (0.772 vs. 0.614; p < 0.001) but not experienced physicians. CONCLUSIONS Deep learning-based models discriminate NGBPs from non- NGBPs with excellent accuracy. As ancillary diagnostic tools, they may assist inexperienced physicians in improving their diagnostic accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaesung Lee
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyub Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sanghyuk Lee
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - A-Seong Moon
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Seong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - In Rae Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Paik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Kon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hashimoto S, Ohno E, Yamamoto S, Nakaoka K, Hirooka Y. The role of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound for biliary diseases. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2023:10.1007/s10396-023-01385-w. [PMID: 37991545 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-023-01385-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound (CE-EUS) has emerged as a promising diagnostic modality for assessing biliary diseases. CE-EUS is a noninvasive imaging technique that utilizes contrast agents to enhance the visualization of blood vessels and perfusion within target tissues. In the context of biliary diseases, CE-EUS allows for improved characterization of biliary lesions, aiding in differential diagnosis and treatment planning. This review highlights several key findings regarding the usefulness of CE-EUS in biliary disease assessment and therapeutic procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senju Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, 3-6-10 Otoubashi, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 454-8509, Japan.
| | - Eizaburo Ohno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, 3-6-10 Otoubashi, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 454-8509, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fujiwara S, Kobayashi M, Ohtsuka K, Tanabe M, Okamoto R. The Double-Max method: a novel method for gallbladder epithelial biopsy. VideoGIE 2022; 7:334-336. [PMID: 36117937 PMCID: PMC9479727 DOI: 10.1016/j.vgie.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|