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Moreno-Lozano MI, Ticlavilca-Inche EJ, Castañeda P, Wong-Durand S, Mauricio D, Oñate-Andino A. A Performance Evaluation of Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for Pterygium Detection in Anterior Segment Eye Images. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:2026. [PMID: 39335704 PMCID: PMC11431507 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14182026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In this article, various convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures for the detection of pterygium in the anterior segment of the eye are explored and compared. Five CNN architectures (ResNet101, ResNext101, Se-ResNext50, ResNext50, and MobileNet V2) are evaluated with the objective of identifying one that surpasses the precision and diagnostic efficacy of the current existing solutions. The results show that the Se-ResNext50 architecture offers the best overall performance in terms of precision, recall, and accuracy, with values of 93%, 92%, and 92%, respectively, for these metrics. These results demonstrate its potential to enhance diagnostic tools in ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro Castañeda
- Information Systems Engineering Faculty, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru
| | - Sandra Wong-Durand
- Information Systems Engineering Faculty, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru
| | - David Mauricio
- Systems Engineering and Informatic Faculty, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Alejandra Oñate-Andino
- Informatic and Electronics Faculty, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Riobamba 060155, Ecuador
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2
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Wu MN, He K, Yu YB, Zheng B, Zhu SJ, Hong XQ, Xi WQ, Zhang Z. Intelligent diagnostic model for pterygium by combining attention mechanism and MobileNetV2. Int J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:1184-1192. [PMID: 39026919 PMCID: PMC11246929 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.07.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the application of an intelligent diagnostic model for pterygium. METHODS For intelligent diagnosis of pterygium, the attention mechanisms-SENet, ECANet, CBAM, and Self-Attention-were fused with the lightweight MobileNetV2 model structure to construct a tri-classification model. The study used 1220 images of three types of anterior ocular segments of the pterygium provided by the Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Conventional classification models-VGG16, ResNet50, MobileNetV2, and EfficientNetB7-were trained on the same dataset for comparison. To evaluate model performance in terms of accuracy, Kappa value, test time, sensitivity, specificity, the area under curve (AUC), and visual heat map, 470 test images of the anterior segment of the pterygium were used. RESULTS The accuracy of the MobileNetV2+Self-Attention model with 281 MB in model size was 92.77%, and the Kappa value of the model was 88.92%. The testing time using the model was 9ms/image in the server and 138ms/image in the local computer. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC for the diagnosis of pterygium using normal anterior segment images were 99.47%, 100%, and 100%, respectively; using anterior segment images in the observation period were 88.30%, 95.32%, and 96.70%, respectively; and using the anterior segment images in the surgery period were 88.18%, 94.44%, and 97.30%, respectively. CONCLUSION The developed model is lightweight and can be used not only for detection but also for assessing the severity of pterygium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Nian Wu
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Smart Management and Application of Modern Agricultural Resources, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kai He
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
- School of Mathematical Information, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Bei Yu
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Smart Management and Application of Modern Agricultural Resources, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shao-Jun Zhu
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Smart Management and Application of Modern Agricultural Resources, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Hong
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Qun Xi
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
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Gupta M, Arya S, Agrawal P, Gupta H, Sikka R. Unravelling the molecular tapestry of pterygium: insights into genes for diagnostic and therapeutic innovations. Eye (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41433-024-03186-y. [PMID: 38907016 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pterygium, an ocular surface disorder, manifests as a wing-shaped extension from the corneoscleral limbus onto the cornea, impacting vision and causing inflammation. With a global prevalence of 12%, varying by region, the condition is linked to UV exposure, age, gender, and socioeconomic factors. This review focuses on key genes associated with pterygium, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP2 and MMP9, contribute to ECM remodelling and angiogenesis in pterygium. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and is elevated in pterygium tissues. B-cell lymphoma-2, S100 proteins, DNA repair genes (hOGG1, XRCC1), CYP monooxygenases, p53, and p16 are implicated in pterygium development. A protein-protein interaction network analysis highlighted 28 edges between the aforementioned proteins, except for VEGF, indicating a high level of interaction. Gene ontology, microRNA and pathway analyses revealed the involvement of processes such as base excision repair, IL-17 and p53 signalling, ECM disassembly, oxidative stress, hypoxia, metallopeptidase activity and others that are essential for pterygium development. In addition, miR-29, miR-125, miR-126, miR-143, miR-200, miR-429, and miR-451a microRNAs were predicted, which were shown to have a role in pterygium development and disease severity. Identification of these molecular mechanisms provides insights for potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for pterygium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahak Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shubhang Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Himanshu Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ruhi Sikka
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Tey KY, Cheong EZK, Ang M. Potential applications of artificial intelligence in image analysis in cornea diseases: a review. EYE AND VISION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 11:10. [PMID: 38448961 PMCID: PMC10919022 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-024-00376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging field which could make an intelligent healthcare model a reality and has been garnering traction in the field of medicine, with promising results. There have been recent developments in machine learning and/or deep learning algorithms for applications in ophthalmology-primarily for diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. However, AI research in the field of cornea diseases is relatively new. Algorithms have been described to assist clinicians in diagnosis or detection of cornea conditions such as keratoconus, infectious keratitis and dry eye disease. AI may also be used for segmentation and analysis of cornea imaging or tomography as an adjunctive tool. Despite the potential advantages that these new technologies offer, there are challenges that need to be addressed before they can be integrated into clinical practice. In this review, we aim to summarize current literature and provide an update regarding recent advances in AI technologies pertaining to corneal diseases, and its potential future application, in particular pertaining to image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan Tey
- Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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Wan C, Mao Y, Xi W, Zhang Z, Wang J, Yang W. DBPF-net: dual-branch structural feature extraction reinforcement network for ocular surface disease image classification. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1309097. [PMID: 38239621 PMCID: PMC10794599 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1309097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pterygium and subconjunctival hemorrhage are two common types of ocular surface diseases that can cause distress and anxiety in patients. In this study, 2855 ocular surface images were collected in four categories: normal ocular surface, subconjunctival hemorrhage, pterygium to be observed, and pterygium requiring surgery. We propose a diagnostic classification model for ocular surface diseases, dual-branch network reinforced by PFM block (DBPF-Net), which adopts the conformer model with two-branch architectural properties as the backbone of a four-way classification model for ocular surface diseases. In addition, we propose a block composed of a patch merging layer and a FReLU layer (PFM block) for extracting spatial structure features to further strengthen the feature extraction capability of the model. In practice, only the ocular surface images need to be input into the model to discriminate automatically between the disease categories. We also trained the VGG16, ResNet50, EfficientNetB7, and Conformer models, and evaluated and analyzed the results of all models on the test set. The main evaluation indicators were sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), kappa coefficient, and accuracy. The accuracy and kappa coefficient of the proposed diagnostic model in several experiments were averaged at 0.9789 and 0.9681, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, and AUC were, respectively, 0.9723, 0.9836, 0.9688, and 0.9869 for diagnosing pterygium to be observed, and, respectively, 0.9210, 0.9905, 0.9292, and 0.9776 for diagnosing pterygium requiring surgery. The proposed method has high clinical reference value for recognizing these four types of ocular surface images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wan
- College of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulong Mao
- College of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqun Xi
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiantao Wang
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihua Yang
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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Lee BWH, Ip MH, Tat L, Chen H, Coroneo MT. Modified Limbal-Conjunctival Autograft Surgical Technique: Long-Term Results of Recurrence and Complications. Cornea 2023; 42:1320-1326. [PMID: 37433157 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to report the recurrence and complication rates of a modified limbal-conjunctival autograft surgical technique for pterygium excision. METHODS This was a retrospective, single-surgeon, single-operating environment, consecutive case series of 176 eyes in 163 patients with a biopsy-proven diagnosis of pterygium. All patients underwent excision using a 23-gauge needle to "behead" the pterygium head, followed by a limbal-conjunctival autograft including ∼50% of the palisades of Vogt. Outcomes measured included recurrence, defined as any conjunctival fibrovascular growth, and complication rates. Correlations between preoperative patient characteristics, pterygium morphology, and intraoperative factors (width of corneal extension, conjunctival defect, and graft) with postoperative recurrence were examined using logistic regression models. RESULTS The median age was 59.5 years and 122 eyes (69.3%) had primary pterygium (type I: 17%, II: 37.5%, and III: 45.5%). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated the median pterygium-free follow-up period to be 723 days (range 46-7230 days). Recurrence was observed in 3 eyes of 2 patients (1.7%). No postoperative graft-related complications were observed. Postoperative symptomatology was transient. Age demonstrated a negative correlation with recurrence (odds ratio 0.888, 95% CI, 0.789-0.998, P = 0.046). However, no other correlations with preoperative or intraoperative factors, including whether pterygium was primary or recurrent, were identified (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This modified limbal-conjunctival autograft technique represents an effective alternative that offers a very low recurrence rate and avoids extensive dissection or antimetabolites, with minimal complications and transient postoperative symptomatology, over a long-term follow-up period. This technique is relatively simple and successful for both primary and recurrent pterygia. Future comparative studies with other surgical techniques may determine which are superior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon W H Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
- Ophthalmic Surgeons, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew H Ip
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
- Ophthalmic Surgeons, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lien Tat
- Ophthalmic Surgeons, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen Chen
- Ophthalmic Surgeons, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Minas T Coroneo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
- Ophthalmic Surgeons, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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Chen B, Fang XW, Wu MN, Zhu SJ, Zheng B, Liu BQ, Wu T, Hong XQ, Wang JT, Yang WH. Artificial intelligence assisted pterygium diagnosis: current status and perspectives. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:1386-1394. [PMID: 37724272 PMCID: PMC10475638 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.09.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pterygium is a prevalent ocular disease that can cause discomfort and vision impairment. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective management. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promising potential in assisting clinicians with pterygium diagnosis. This paper provides an overview of AI-assisted pterygium diagnosis, including the AI techniques used such as machine learning, deep learning, and computer vision. Furthermore, recent studies that have evaluated the diagnostic performance of AI-based systems for pterygium detection, classification and segmentation were summarized. The advantages and limitations of AI-assisted pterygium diagnosis and discuss potential future developments in this field were also analyzed. The review aims to provide insights into the current state-of-the-art of AI and its potential applications in pterygium diagnosis, which may facilitate the development of more efficient and accurate diagnostic tools for this common ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Chen
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Smart Management and Application of Modern Agricultural Resources, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Wen Fang
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Smart Management and Application of Modern Agricultural Resources, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mao-Nian Wu
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Smart Management and Application of Modern Agricultural Resources, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shao-Jun Zhu
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Smart Management and Application of Modern Agricultural Resources, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Smart Management and Application of Modern Agricultural Resources, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bang-Quan Liu
- College of Digital Technology and Engineering, Ningbo University of Finance & Economics, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Huzhou Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Hong
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Tao Wang
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Hua Yang
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang H, Samusak A, Rao H, Xiao C, Abula M, Cao Q, Dai Q. Artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis of ocular surface diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1133680. [PMID: 36875760 PMCID: PMC9981656 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1133680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of computer technology, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology research has gained prominence in modern medicine. Artificial intelligence-related research in ophthalmology previously focused on the screening and diagnosis of fundus diseases, particularly diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Since fundus images are relatively fixed, their standards are easy to unify. Artificial intelligence research related to ocular surface diseases has also increased. The main issue with research on ocular surface diseases is that the images involved are complex, with many modalities. Therefore, this review aims to summarize current artificial intelligence research and technologies used to diagnose ocular surface diseases such as pterygium, keratoconus, infectious keratitis, and dry eye to identify mature artificial intelligence models that are suitable for research of ocular surface diseases and potential algorithms that may be used in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhui Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Aksu District in Xinjiang, Aksu City, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The First People's Hospital of Aksu District in Xinjiang, Aksu City, China
| | - Hongzhen Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Aksu District in Xinjiang, Aksu City, China
| | - Arzigul Samusak
- The First People's Hospital of Aksu District in Xinjiang, Aksu City, China
| | - Huimin Rao
- The First People's Hospital of Aksu District in Xinjiang, Aksu City, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- The First People's Hospital of Aksu District in Xinjiang, Aksu City, China
| | - Muhetaer Abula
- The First People's Hospital of Aksu District in Xinjiang, Aksu City, China
| | - Qixin Cao
- Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huzhou, China
| | - Qi Dai
- The First People's Hospital of Aksu District in Xinjiang, Aksu City, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Gan F, Chen WY, Liu H, Zhong YL. Application of artificial intelligence models for detecting the pterygium that requires surgical treatment based on anterior segment images. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1084118. [PMID: 36605553 PMCID: PMC9808075 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1084118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim A pterygium is a common ocular surface disease, which not only affects facial appearance but can also grow into the tissue layer, causing astigmatism and vision loss. In this study, an artificial intelligence model was developed for detecting the pterygium that requires surgical treatment. The model was designed using ensemble deep learning (DL). Methods A total of 172 anterior segment images of pterygia were obtained from the Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (China) between 2017 and 2022. They were divided by a senior ophthalmologist into the non-surgery group and the surgery group. An artificial intelligence model was then developed based on ensemble DL, which was integrated with four benchmark models: the Resnet18, Alexnet, Googlenet, and Vgg11 model, for detecting the pterygium that requires surgical treatment, and Grad-CAM was used to visualize the DL process. Finally, the performance of the ensemble DL model was compared with the classical Resnet18 model, Alexnet model, Googlenet model, and Vgg11 model. Results The accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) of the ensemble DL model was higher than all of the other models. In the training set, the accuracy and AUC of the ensemble model was 94.20% and 0.978, respectively. In the testing set, the accuracy and AUC of the ensemble model was 94.12% and 0.980, respectively. Conclusion This study indicates that this ensemble DL model, coupled with the anterior segment images in our study, might be an automated and cost-saving alternative for detection of the pterygia that require surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gan
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Wan-Yun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Yu-Lin Zhong,
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10
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Ji Y, Liu S, Hong X, Lu Y, Wu X, Li K, Li K, Liu Y. Advances in artificial intelligence applications for ocular surface diseases diagnosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1107689. [PMID: 36605721 PMCID: PMC9808405 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1107689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid development of computer technology, continual optimization of various learning algorithms and architectures, and establishment of numerous large databases, artificial intelligence (AI) has been unprecedentedly developed and applied in the field of ophthalmology. In the past, ophthalmological AI research mainly focused on posterior segment diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion, and glaucoma optic neuropathy. Meanwhile, an increasing number of studies have employed AI to diagnose ocular surface diseases. In this review, we summarize the research progress of AI in the diagnosis of several ocular surface diseases, namely keratitis, keratoconus, dry eye, and pterygium. We discuss the limitations and challenges of AI in the diagnosis of ocular surface diseases, as well as prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Ji
- The Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Bigdata in Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sha Liu
- The Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Bigdata in Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangqian Hong
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingyang Wu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kunke Li
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Yunfang Liu, ; Keran Li, ; Kunke Li,
| | - Keran Li
- The Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Bigdata in Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Yunfang Liu, ; Keran Li, ; Kunke Li,
| | - Yunfang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yunfang Liu, ; Keran Li, ; Kunke Li,
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11
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Yang HK, Che SA, Hyon JY, Han SB. Integration of Artificial Intelligence into the Approach for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Dry Eye Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:3167. [PMID: 36553174 PMCID: PMC9777416 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common diseases worldwide that can lead to a significant impairment of quality of life. The diagnosis and treatment of the disease are often challenging because of the lack of correlation between the signs and symptoms, limited reliability of diagnostic tests, and absence of established consensus on the diagnostic criteria. The advancement of machine learning, particularly deep learning technology, has enabled the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in various anterior segment disorders, including DED. Currently, many studies have reported promising results of AI-based algorithms for the accurate diagnosis of DED and precise and reliable assessment of data obtained by imaging devices for DED. Thus, the integration of AI into clinical approaches for DED can enhance diagnostic and therapeutic performance. In this review, in addition to a brief summary of the application of AI in anterior segment diseases, we will provide an overview of studies regarding the application of AI in DED and discuss the recent advances in the integration of AI into the clinical approach for DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyung Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Song A Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Hyon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Beom Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon 24289, Republic of Korea
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