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Enebral-Romero E, García-Fernández D, Gutiérrez-Gálvez L, López-Diego D, Luna M, García-Martín A, Salagre E, Michel EG, Torres Í, Zamora F, García-Mendiola T, Lorenzo E. Bismuthene - Tetrahedral DNA nanobioconjugate for virus detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 261:116500. [PMID: 38896979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we present an electrochemical sensor for fast, low-cost, and easy detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in infected patients. The sensor is based on a selected combination of nanomaterials with a specific purpose. A bioconjugate formed by Few-layer bismuthene nanosheets (FLB) and tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) is immobilized on Carbon Screen-Printed Electrodes (CSPE). The TDNs contain on the top vertex an aptamer that specifically binds to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and a thiol group at the three basal vertices to anchor to the FLB. The TDNs are also marked with a redox indicator, Azure A (AA), which allows the direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein through changes in the current intensity of its electrolysis before and after the biorecognition reaction. The developed sensor can detect SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with a detection limit of 1.74 fg mL-1 directly in nasopharyngeal swab human samples. Therefore, this study offers a new strategy for rapid virus detection since it is versatile enough for different viruses and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Enebral-Romero
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Gutiérrez-Gálvez
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David López-Diego
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos, 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Luna
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos, 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián García-Martín
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Salagre
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique G Michel
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Íñigo Torres
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Zamora
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania García-Mendiola
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Encarnación Lorenzo
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Li S, Zhang Y, Guo M, Yi Z, Hu M, Xiong C, Huang G, Zhang J. Rapid detection of Salmonella in milk by labeling-free electrochemical immunosensor based on an Fe 3O 4-ionic liquid-modified electrode. Talanta 2024; 270:125576. [PMID: 38147723 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors show distinct advantages over other types of sensors in the rapid detection of microorganisms. Here, we attempted to construct a label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on an Fe3O4-ionic liquid (IL)-modified electrode to rapidly detect Salmonella in milk. The excellent ionic conductivity of the IL facilitated sensor construction, and the large surface area of nano-Fe3O4 provided numerous sites for subsequent experiments. An antibody was fixed on the Fe3O4-IL complex with polyglutamic acid modification by a simple infusion method. The microstructure of the Fe3O4-IL composites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, and the elements and structures of the composites were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Under optimized experimental conditions, the detection range of the constructed sensor was 3.65 × 102-3.65 × 108 CFU mL-1, and the LOD was 1.12 × 102 CFU mL-1 (S/N = 3). In addition, the prepared electrochemical immunosensor is convenient for detecting foodborne pathogens because of its outstanding stability, good selectivity, and repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Mengdi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Zhibin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Mengna Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Chunhong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Ganhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Jinsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China.
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