1
|
Ramkumar PK, Rountree CM, Saggere L, Finan JD. Metrology and characterization of SU-8 microstructures using autofluorescence emission. JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING : STRUCTURES, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS 2021; 31:045014. [PMID: 34413579 PMCID: PMC8372371 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6439/abe7c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sophisticated three-dimensional microstructures fabricated using the negative tone SU-8 photoresist are used in many biomedical and microfluidic applications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and profilometry are commonly used metrological techniques for the dimensional characterization of fabricated SU-8 microstructures but are not viable for non-destructive measurements and characterization of subsurface features like hidden microchannels. In this study, we report a unique methodology for the non-destructive dimensional characterization of SU-8 microstructures using the emitted autofluorescence radiation from fabricated SU-8 microstructures to generate depth profiles. The relationship between autofluorescence emission intensities and the thicknesses of the microstructures measured using SEM was determined and used to characterize the dimensions of unknown SU-8 microstructures based on their autofluorescence intensities. Lateral dimensions were also measured. This relationship was used to create highly accurate depth profiles for different types of microstructures including hidden subsurface features. These results were validated by comparison with SEM. The results suggest a feasible and accurate non-destructive, low cost, metrological technique to characterize SU-8 surface and subsurface microstructures using autofluorescence emission intensities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Ramkumar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States of America
| | - Corey M Rountree
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States of America
| | - Laxman Saggere
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States of America
| | - John D Finan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Agusil JP, Arjona MI, Duch M, Fusté N, Plaza JA. Multidimensional Anisotropic Architectures on Polymeric Microparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004691. [PMID: 33079486 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Next generation life science technologies will require the integration of building blocks with tunable physical and chemical architectures at the microscale. A central issue is to govern the multidimensional anisotropic space that defines these microparticle attributes. However, this control is limited to one or few dimensions due to profound fabrication tradeoffs, a problem that is exacerbated by miniaturization. Here, a vast number of anisotropic dimensions are integrated combining SU-8 photolithography with (bio)chemical modifications via soft-lithography. Microparticles in a 15-D anisotropic space are demonstrated, covering branching, faceting, fiducial, topography, size, aspect ratio, stiffness, (bio)molecular and quantum dot printing, top/bottom surface coverage, and quasi-0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D surface patterning. The strategy permits controlled miniaturization on physical dimensions below 1 µm and molecular patterns below 1 µm2 . By combining building blocks, anisotropic microparticles detect pH changes, form the basis for a DNA-assay recognition platform, and obtain an extraordinary volumetric barcoding density up to 1093 codes µm-3 in a 3 × 12 × 0.5 µm3 volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Agusil
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Tillers s/n, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - María Isabel Arjona
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Tillers s/n, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Av. de la Fuente Nueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Marta Duch
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Tillers s/n, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Naüm Fusté
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Tillers s/n, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - José A Plaza
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Tillers s/n, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang B, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Recent progress on micro- and nano-robots: towards in vivo tracking and localization. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018; 8:461-479. [PMID: 30050781 PMCID: PMC6037952 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.06.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yabin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- T Stone Robotics Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin Z, Qi L, Zou H, Sun L, Xu S. Low auto‐fluorescence fabrication methods for plastic nanoslits. IET Nanobiotechnol 2016; 10:75-80. [DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Yin
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and Systems of Liaoning ProvinceDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Qi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People's Republic of China
| | - Helin Zou
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and Systems of Liaoning ProvinceDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non‐traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of EducationDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and Systems of Liaoning ProvinceDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People's Republic of China
| | - Shenbo Xu
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and Systems of Liaoning ProvinceDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arscott S. SU-8 as a material for lab-on-a-chip-based mass spectrometry. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3668-3689. [PMID: 25029537 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00617h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This short review focuses on the application of SU-8 for the microchip-based approach to the miniaturization of mass spectrometry. Chip-based mass spectrometry will make the technology commonplace and bring benefits such as lower costs and autonomy. The chip-based miniaturization of mass spectrometry necessitates the use of new materials which are compatible with top-down fabrication involving both planar and non-planar processes. In this context, SU-8 is a very versatile epoxy-based, negative tone resist which is sensitive to ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and electron beam exposure. It has a very wide thickness range, from nanometres to millimetres, enabling the formation of mechanically rigid, very high aspect ratio, vertical, narrow width structures required to form microfluidic slots and channels for laboratory-on-a-chip design. It is also relatively chemically resistant and biologically compatible in terms of the liquid solutions used for mass spectrometry. This review looks at the impact and potential of SU-8 on the different parts of chip-based mass spectrometry - pre-treatment, ionization processes, and ion sorting and detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Arscott
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), CNRS UMR8520, The University of Lille, Cité Scientifique, Avenue Poincaré, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| |
Collapse
|